Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions ...
's Symphony No. 4 in D major, Hoboken I/4, is believed to have been written between 1757 and 1761.
It is scored for 2
oboes,
bassoon
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuo ...
, 2
horns,
strings
String or strings may refer to:
*String (structure), a long flexible structure made from threads twisted together, which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects
Arts, entertainment, and media Films
* ''Strings'' (1991 film), a Canadian anim ...
and
continuo. As usual for the period, it is in three movements:
#
Presto
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Computing
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* Presto (operating system), a Linux-based OS by Xandros
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,
#
Andante in
D minor
D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major.
The D natural minor scale is:
Changes needed for t ...
,
#Tempo di menuetto,
The second movement features a
syncopated
In music, syncopation is a variety of rhythms played together to make a piece of music, making part or all of a tune or piece of music off-beat. More simply, syncopation is "a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of rhythm": a "place ...
second violin part.
[H. C. Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols. (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976–) v. 1: "Haydn: the Early Years, 1732–1765", ] The walking eighth-notes of the second violins are offset by half a step (a sixteenth note) from the first violins that play above it.
[Antony Hodgson, "The Music of Joseph Haydn: The Symphonies", pp. 47–48]
The finale is marked ''Tempo di menuetto'', but is not in the time of a minuet, but in the time which is typical of Haydn's other early symphonic finales.
Also, unlike other minuets, the movement lacks a central trio section.
References
Symphony 004
Compositions in D major
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