''Symmachia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

in the butterfly family

Riodinidae Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, t ...

present only in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few species, presumably owing to a mimetic transformation. This widening of the forewing is accompanied by a peculiar flight resembling that of ''

Thecla Thecla ( grc, Θέκλα, ) was a saint of the early Christian Church, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocryphal ''Acts of Paul and Thecla''. Church tradition The ''Acts of ...

'', which becomes very conspicuous in the non-mimetic species, whereas in the mimetic species it is replaced by that of the causal originals to which reference is made in the single species, and which may more correctly be eliminated from the genus. They are more closely allied to the '' Gricosoma'' than the non-mimetic species, but we shall here give the precedence to the more typical forms. Many ''Symmachia'' are great rarities, and they are extremely peculiar in the shape as well as in the colouring. They fly in the day time, not continuously, and rest beneath leaves.

Species

*''

Symmachia aconia ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' Hewitson, 1876 present in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

*'' Symmachia accusatrix'' Westwood, 1851 present in

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

, Brazil and

French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...

*'' Symmachia almeidai'' (Zikán, 1946) present in Brazil *'' Symmachia arcuata'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia arion'' (C. & R. Felder, 1865) present in Brazil and Colombia *'' Symmachia aurigera'' (Weeks, 1902) present in Colombia *'' Symmachia basilissa'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia batesi'' (Staudinger,

887 __NOTOC__ Year 887 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * November 17 – East Frankish magnates revolt against the ...

present in Brazil *'' Symmachia calderoni'' Hall & Lamas, 2001 present in

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

*'' Symmachia calligrapha'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia calliste'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil, Colombia,

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...

and French Guiana *'' Symmachia elinas'' (Rebillard, 1958) present in Brazil *''

Symmachia eraste ''Symmachia'' is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm. This genus is distinguished by a strong bulging-out of the costa of the forewing of the males, this characteristic bulge recedes in but few specie ...

'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil *'' Symmachia emeralda'' Hall & Harvey, 2002 present in Ecuador and French Guiana *'' Symmachia estellina'' present in French Guiana *'' Symmachia exigua'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil *'' Symmachia falcistriga'' Stichel, 1910 present in French Guiana,

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

and Brazil *'' Symmachia fassli'' Hall & Willmott, 1995 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia fulvicauda'' Stichel, 1924 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia hazelana'' Hall & Willmott, 1996 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia hetaerina'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and Peru *'' Symmachia hippea'' Herrich-Schäffer,

853 __NOTOC__ Year 853 ( DCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 22 – A Byzantine fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) sacks and d ...

/small> present in French Guiana,

Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the ...

and

Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , srn, Ripolik fu Sranan), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north ...

*'' Symmachia hippodice'' Godman, 1903 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia jugurtha'' Staudinger,

/small> present in Colombia *'' Symmachia juratrix'' Westwood, 1851 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia leena'' Hewitson, 1870 present in Mexico,

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

, Nicaragua, Colombia, French Guiana and Brazil *'' Symmachia leopardinum'' (C. & R. Felder, 1865) present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia maeonius'' Staudinger, 1888 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia menetas'' (Drury, 1782) present in Suriname and Brazil *'' Symmachia miron'' Grose-Smith, 1898 present in French Guiana and Ecuador *'' Symmachia multesima'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia and French Guiana *'' Symmachia nemesis'' Le Cerf, 1958 present in Brazil. *'' Symmachia norina'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia pardalia'' Stichel, 1924 present in Peru *'' Symmachia pardalis'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia phaedra'' (Bates, 1868) present in Brazil and Ecuador *'' Symmachia poirieri'' Gallard, 2009 present in French GuianaLambillionea n° 2-juin 2009 *'' Symmachia praxilla'' Westwood, 1851 present in Brazil *'' Symmachia probetor'' (Stoll,

782 __NOTOC__ Year 782 ( DCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 782 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in ...

present in Mexico, Nicaragua,

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil *'' Symmachia rita'' Staudinger,

/small> synonym of '' Symmachia norina'' *'' Symmachia rosanti'' present in French Guiana *'' Symmachia rubrica'' (Stichel, 1929) present in Colombia and Ecuador *'' Symmachia rubina'' Bates, 1866 present in Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Brazil *'' Symmachia sepyra'' (Hewitson, 1877) present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia splendida'' (Salazar & Constantino, 1993) present in Colombia *'' Symmachia stigmosissima'' Stichel, 1910 present in Bolivia and French Guiana *'' Symmachia suevia'' Hewitson, 1877 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia technema'' Stichel, 1910 present in Suriname, French Guiana and

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands, it is situated south of ...

*'' Symmachia threissa'' Hewitson, 1870 present in French Guiana, Colombia and Nicaragua *'' Symmachia tigrina'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Brazil and French Guiana *'' Symmachia titiana'' Hewitson, 1870 present in Ecuador *'' Symmachia triangularis'' (Thieme, 1907) present in Colombia and French Guiana *'' Symmachia tricolor'' Hewitson, 1867 present in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru and French Guiana *'' Symmachia virgatula'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago and French Guiana *'' Symmachia virgaurea'' Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia *'' Symmachia xypete'' (Hewitson, 1870) present in Nicaragua and Panama

Sources

''Symmachia''
at Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1764943 Riodinidae of South America Butterfly genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner