Muhammad Miyan Deobandi (4 October 1903 - 24 October 1975) was an Indian

Sunni Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagr ...

Islamic scholar, academic, historian, freedom struggle activist, who served as the fifth general secretary of the

Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind () is one of the leading organizations of Islamic scholars belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in India. It was founded in November 1919 by a group of Muslim scholars including Abdul Bari Fi ...

. He wrote books such as ''Aseeraan-e-Malta'', ''Ulama-e-Hind Ka Shaandar Maazi'' and ''Ulama-e-Haqq Aur Unke Mujahidana Karname''.

Biography

Muhammad Miyan Deobandi was born Muzaffar Miyan on 4 October 1903 in

Deoband Deoband is a town and a municipality in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, about 150 km from Delhi. Darul Uloom Deoband, an Islamic seminary and one of the largest Islamic Institution of India is located there. Etymo ...

. He began his studies at home and read the

Qur'an The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , sing. ...

from his maternal grandmother. He studied some books of Persian and Urdu with Khalīl Aḥmad in

Muzaffarnagar Muzaffarnagar is a city under Muzaffarnagar District in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated midway on the Delhi - Haridwar/Dehradun National Highway (NH 58) and is also well connected with the national railway network. It is kno ...

. In 1916, Miyan Deobandi entered the Persian class of the

Darul Uloom Deoband The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary (darul uloom) in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began. It is located in Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The seminary was established by Muhammad Qasim ...

and graduated in the traditional

dars-e-nizami Dars-i Nizami is a study curriculum or system used in many Islamic institutions (madrassas) and Dar Ul Ulooms, which originated in the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century and can now also be found in parts of South Africa, Canada, the United S ...

in 1925. His teachers include Anwar Shah Kashmiri,

Asghar Hussain Deobandi Asghar Hussain Deobandi (also known as Mian Sayyid Asghar Hussain) (16 October 1877 — 8 January 1945) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who co-founded Madrasatul Islah. Born on 16 October 1877 in a Deoband-based family, claiming descent to ...

, Izaz Ali Amrohi and

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (11 October 188713 December 1949) was an Islamic scholar who supported the Pakistan Movement in the 1940s. He was a religious scholar, writer, orator, politician, and expert in Tafsir and Hadith. Born in 1887 in Bijnor, Us ...

. He was a disciple of Hussain Ahmad Madani. Muhammad Miyan started taught at the Madrasa Hanfiyah in

Arrah Arrah (also transliterated as Ara) is a city and a municipal corporation in Bhojpur district, India, Bhojpur district (formerly known as Shahabad district) in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the headquarters of Bhojpur district, located near ...

, Bihar for two years from 1926 to 1928. He later taught at the

Madrasa Shahi Madrassa Shahi (alternatively known as Jamia Qasmia) is an Islamic seminary in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1879 by the poor Muslims of Moradabad under the supervision of Islamic scholar, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, who also est ...

Moradabad Moradabad () is a city, commissionary and municipal corporation in Moradabad district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Moradabad is situated on the banks of the Ramganga river, at a distance of from the national capital, New Delhi and 344 ...

for a span of sixteen years, starting from March 1928. During these sixteen years, Muhammad Miyan served as a Mufti, rector and as a teacher. After 1947, he shifted to

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...

permanently, and was appointed as the member of the executive council of Madrasa Shahi. In 1380 AH, he was appointed as the honorary rector of the Shahi, and later in 1395 AH made the rector. In 1930, Muhammad Miyan was appointed as the secretary of the Moradabad unit of the

(JUH). Later, he served as the secretary of the Agra and Awadh units of the JUH. He also served as the secretary of preaching department of JUH Agra. On 7 May 1945, he was appointed as the secretary of the JUH, and as the general secretary after the death of

Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi (1900 – 2 August 1962) was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and an activist of the Indian independence movement, who served as the fourth general secretary of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. He fought against British rule for 25 ...

; a post he served for a year only, resigning a year later. He was then appointed as a member of the JUH's general body, secretary of Jamiat Trust, and the manager of Idāra Mabahith-e-Fiqhiyyah in Delhi. He was appointed as the senior Hadīth professor and senior Mufti of the

Madrasa Aminia Madrasa Aminia Islamia Arabia (best known as Madrasa Aminia) is an Islamic seminary in Delhi. History Amin al-Din Dehlawi, an Islamic scholar who was a student of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, developed an idea of establishing a madrasa in Delhi. He ...

, where he served until his death in 1975. Muhammad Miyan died in

on 24 October 1975, aged 72. He is referred as Mu'arrikh-e-Millat for his historical works. His followers refer him as Sayyid-ul-Millat. His students include Mufti Mahmud,

Athar Mubarakpuri Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri (7 May 1916 – 14 July 1996) was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar, author and historian. He was honoured with the title of Muhsin-e-Hind by Pakistani scholars. Zaheer Danish Umri, Taaba Falak, Kadapa Atish Academy, p. 51, ...

and

Asir Adrawi Nizāmuddīn Asīr Adrawi (also known as Asīr Adrawi; 1926 – 20 May 2021) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar, biographer, historian and author in the Urdu language. He established Madrassa Darus Salam in Adari and served as Officer In Charge ...

Literary works

Muhammad Miyan Deobandi's works include: * ''Ahd-e-Zarrin awr Misali Hukumatein'' * ''Aseeran-e-Malta'' * ''Mishkat al-Athaar'' * ''Shah Abdul Aziz: Afkaar-o-Khidmaat'' * ''Panipat aur Buzurgan-e-Panipat'' * ''

Kya Hai?'' * ''Shawahid-e-Taqaddus'' * ''Tareekh-e-Islam'' * ''Tehreek Reshmi Rumaal'' (Translated to English as ''Silk Letter Movement'') by Muhammadullah Qasmi). * ''Ulama-e-Hind Ka Shandaar Maazi'' (2 volumes) * ''Ulama-e-Haqq Aur Unke Mujahidana Karname'' (2 volumes) * ''Waliullahi Tehreek''

References

Bibliography

* {{Portal bar, Biography, India, Literature, Islam, Books 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 1903 births 1975 deaths Deobandis Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam Indian historians of Islam People from Deoband Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh Darul Uloom Deoband alumni 20th-century Indian historians Students of Anwar Shah Kashmiri

Biography

Literary works

See also

References

Bibliography