Swedish Ingria ( sv, Svenska Ingermanland, ‘land of

Ingrians The Ingrians ( fi, inkeriläiset, ; russian: Ингерманландцы, translit=Ingermanlandts'i), sometimes called Ingrian Finns, are the Finnish people, Finnish population of Ingria (now the central part of Leningrad Oblast in Russia), des ...

’) was a

dominion The term ''Dominion'' is used to refer to one of several self-governing nations of the British Empire. "Dominion status" was first accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the 192 ...

of the

Swedish Empire The Swedish Empire was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries ( sv, Stormaktstiden, "the Era of Great Power"). The beginning of the empire is usually ta ...

from 1583 to 1595 and then again from 1617 to 1721, when it was ceded to the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

in the

Treaty of Nystad The Treaty of Nystad (russian: Ништадтский мир; fi, Uudenkaupungin rauha; sv, Freden i Nystad; et, Uusikaupunki rahu) was the last peace treaty of the Great Northern War of 1700–1721. It was concluded between the Tsardom of ...

History

Ingria was ceded to Sweden by

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

together with the

County of Kexholm A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

by the

Treaty of Stolbovo The Treaty of Stolbovo () was a peace treaty that ended the Ingrian War (), which had been fought between the Swedish Empire and the Russian Tsardom between 1610 and 1617. History After nearly two months of negotiations, representatives from Sw ...

in 1617. It consisted of the area along the basin of the river

Neva The Neva (russian: Нева́, ) is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast (historical region of Ingria) to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. Despite its modest length of , it ...

, between the Gulf of Finland, the

Narva River The river Narva ( et, Narva jõgi; russian: Нарва), formerly also Narova flows north into the Baltic Sea and is the largest Estonian river by discharge. A similar length of land far to the south, together with it and a much longer interme ...

Lake Peipsi Lake Peipus ( et, Peipsi-Pihkva järv; russian: Чудско-Псковское озеро, Псковско-Чудское озеро, Chudsko-Pskovskoye ozero, Pskovsko-Chudskoye ozero); is the largest trans-boundary lake in Europe, lying on ...

in South-West, and Lake Ladoga in North-East. Bordering to Kexholm and

Swedish Karelia Karelia ( fi, Karjala) is a historical province of Finland which Finland partly ceded to the Soviet Union after the Winter War of 1939–40. The Finnish Karelians include the present-day inhabitants of North and South Karelia and the still-sur ...

by the Sestra ''(Rajajoki /Systerbäck)'' river in North-West. Ingria fell to Sweden in the 1580s, was returned to Russia by the

Treaty of Teusina The Treaty of Teusina, Tyavzin or Tyavzino ( fi, Täyssinän rauha), also known as the Eternal Peace with Sweden in Russia, was concluded by Russian diplomats under the boyar Afanasiy Pushkin (an ancestor of the poet Aleksandr Pushkin) and ambas ...

(1595), and again ceded to Sweden in the

(1617). Sweden's interest of the territory was strategic: as a buffer zone against Russian attacks on the

Karelian Isthmus The Karelian Isthmus (russian: Карельский перешеек, Karelsky peresheyek; fi, Karjalankannas; sv, Karelska näset) is the approximately stretch of land, situated between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern ...

and present-day Finland; and Russian trade was to pass through Swedish territory. In addition, Ingria became the destination for Swedish deportees. Ingria remained sparsely populated. In 1664 the population was counted to 15,000. Swedish attempts to introduce

Lutheranism Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...

were met with repugnance by the

Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pa ...

peasantry obliged to attend Lutheran services; converts were promised grants and tax reductions, but Lutheran gains were most of all due to voluntary resettlements from Savonia and Karelia. Ingria was

enfeoffed In the Middle Ages, especially under the European feudal system, feoffment or enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of ti ...

noble A noble is a member of the nobility. Noble may also refer to: Places Antarctica * Noble Glacier, King George Island * Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land * Noble Peak, Wiencke Island * Noble Rocks, Graham Land Australia * Noble Island, Gr ...

military and state officials, bringing their own Lutheran servants and workmen.

Nyen Nyenschantz (russian: Ниенша́нц, ''Nienshants''; sv, Nyenskans; fi, Nevanlinna) was a Swedish fortress at the confluence of the Neva River and Okhta River, the site of present-day Saint Petersburg, Russia. Nyenschantz was built in 16 ...

became the trading centre of Ingria, and in 1642 was made its administrative centre. In 1656 a Russian attack badly damaged the town, and the administrative centre was moved to

Narva Narva, russian: Нарва is a municipality and city in Estonia. It is located in Ida-Viru county, at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, on the west bank of the Narva river which forms the Estonia–Russia international border. With 54 ...

in neighbouring Swedish Estonia.Kurs, Ott (1994)
Ingria: The broken landbridge between Estonia and Finland
''

GeoJournal ''GeoJournal'' is a peer-reviewed international academic journal on all aspects of geography founded in 1977. Twelve issues (three volumes) a year were published by Springer Netherlands (formerly Kluwer) until December 2009 and can be accessed via ...

'' 33.1, 107-113. In the early 18th century the area was reconquered by

in the

Great Northern War The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swed ...

after a century in

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

possession. The new Russian capital,

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

, was founded on the site of the Swedish town

(Finnish ''Nevanlinna'', meaning ''Castle of Neva'') in 1703. This territory, close to the Neva river's estuary at the Gulf of Finland, is now part of

Leningrad Oblast Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 194 ...

, Russia.

Governors-General

;Stadtholder * Samuel Nilsson till Hässle (1601–1607) * Filip von Scheiding (1607–1613) * Evert Karlsson Horn af Kanckas (1613–1615) *

Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud (1577–1657) was a Swedish officer who served as Governor of Duchy of Estonia between 1617 and 1619 and Governor-General of Swedish Livonia in 1628. External links Hästehufvud, Anders Eriksson– Svenskt biograf ...

(1615–1617) ;Ingrian Governors (Narva, Ivangorod, Jaama, Koporje and Nöteborg) *

Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm Baron Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm (4 March 1574 – 17 March 1650) was a Swedish soldier and politician. He was made a baron (''friherre'') in 1615, appointed Field Marshal in 1616, Privy Councilor in 1617, Governor General of Ingria in 1617 a ...

(1617–1620) * Henrik Klasson Fleming (1620–1622) *Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud (1622–1626) *

Nils Assersson Mannersköld Nils is a Scandinavian given name, a chiefly Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and Latvian variant of Niels, cognate to Nicholas. People and animals with the given name * Nils Bergström (born 1985), Swedish ice hockey player *Nils Björk (1898–1989), ...

(1626–1629) * Heinrich Matthias von Thurn (1629) ;Ingrian and Livonian Governors-General *

Johan Skytte Johan Skytte (1577, in Nyköping – 15 March 1645, in Söderåkra, Sweden) was a Swedish statesman, and the founder of the ''Academia Gustaviana'' (today's University of Tartu in Estonia), in 1632. He was a son of the mayor of Nyköping, Beng ...

(1629–1634) *

Bengt Bengtsson Oxenstierna Bengt Bengtsson Oxenstierna af Eka och Lindö, Baron of Eka and Lindö (1591 at Frösvik near Rydbo – 1643 in Riga, Swedish Livonia), in non-contemporary sources sometimes referred to as Resare-Bengt ''("Bengt the Traveller")'', was a Swedish d ...

(1634–1643) ;Ingrian and county of Kexholm Governors-General * Erik Carlsson Gyllenstierna (1642–1645) * Carl Mörner (1645–1651) * Erik Stenbock (1651–1654) * Gustaf Evertsson Horn (1654–1657) *

Krister Klasson Horn af Åminne Krister is a Swedish variant of the Swedish masculine given name Christer and may refer to: *Krister Bringéus (born 1954), Swedish diplomat *Krister Classon (born 1955), Swedish comedian, actor, director and screenwriter *Krister Dreyer (born 1974 ...

(1657–1659) *

Simon Grundel-Helmfelt Baron Simon Grundel-Helmfelt (1617–1677) was a Swedish field marshal and governor.Alf ÅbergSimon Grundel-Helmfelt Riksarkivet.se, retrieved 28 August 2013 Helmfelt is most notable for his overwhelming victory at the Battle of Lund despite b ...

(1659–1664) *

Jacob Johan Taube Jacob (; ; ar, يَعْقُوب, Yaʿqūb; gr, Ἰακώβ, Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Jac ...

( Kudina mõisast) (1664–1668) *Simon Grundel-Helmfelt (1668–1673) *Jacob Johan Taube (1673–1678) * Gustaf Adam Banér (1678) *Jacob Johan Taube (1678–1681) ;Ingrian Governors * Martin Schultz von Ascheraden (1681–1682) * Hans von Fersen the older (1682–1683) * Göran von Sperling (1683–1687) ;Ingrian Governors-General *Göran von Sperling (1687–1691) * Otto Wilhelm von Fersen (1691–1698) * Otto Vellingk (1698–1703)

References

{{Authority control States and territories disestablished in 1721 States and territories established in 1583

Ingria et:Ingerimaa kubermang

History

Governors-General

See also

References