''Swartzia'' is a genus of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the family
Fabaceae. It was named in honor of
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
botanist Olof Swartz
Olof Peter Swartz (21 September 1760 – 19 September 1818) was a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for his taxonomic work and studies into pteridophytes.
Biography
Olof Swartz attended the University of Uppsala where he s ...
and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, where it occurs primarily in lowland rainforests, but also in savannas, pre-montane forests, and tropical dry forests. While it can be found throughout the wet lowlands from Mexico and the Caribbean islands to southern Brazil and Bolivia, ''Swartzia'' is most abundant and species-rich in Amazonia, where 10–20 species may co-occur at a single site. The species of ''Swartzia'' are mostly trees, ranging from small understory treelets to large canopy emergents. Some species, especially in savannas, are mult-stemmed shrubs.
Fossil record
Many ''Swartzia'' fossils from the middle
Eocene epoch
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "daw ...
are known from the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
. 5
fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...
dehiscent seed pods and 50 fossil leaflets have been described from the Warman and Lawrence clay pits in
Weakley and the
Henry
Henry may refer to:
People
*Henry (given name)
* Henry (surname)
* Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry
Royalty
* Portuguese royalty
** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal
** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...
Counties,
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...
. In addition 6 leaflets have been described from the New Lawrence and Miller clay pits in
Henry County,
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...
.
List of species
More than 200 species have been described:
* ''
Swartzia acreana
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia acutifolia''
Vogel
* ''
Swartzia amazonica''
Moore
* ''
Swartzia amplifolia
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Harms
* ''
Swartzia amshoffiana
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia angustifolia
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Schery
* ''
Swartzia anomala
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia apetala
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Raddi
** var. ''apetala''
Raddi
** var. ''glabra''
(Vogel) R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia apiculata
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia aptera
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
DC.
* ''
Swartzia arborescens
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
(Aubl.) Pittier
* ''
Swartzia argentea
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Spruce ex Benth.
* ''
Swartzia auriculata
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Poepp.
* ''
Swartzia bahiensis''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia bannia
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Sandwith
* ''
Swartzia benthamiana''
Miq.
* ''
Swartzia bombycina''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia brachyrachis''
Harms
* ''
Swartzia buntingii
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia cabrerae
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia calva''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia canescens''
Torke
* ''
Swartzia cardiosperma''
Spruce ex Benth.
* ''
Swartzia caribaea''
Griseb.
* ''
Swartzia caudata''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia colombiana
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
(R. S. Cowan) Torke
* ''
Swartzia conferta
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Spruce ex Benth.
* ''
Swartzia corrugata''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia costata''
(Rusby) R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia cowanii''
Steyerm.
* ''
Swartzia cubensis''
(Britton & P. Wilson) Standl.—''katalox''
* ''
Swartzia cupavenensis''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia curranii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia cuspidata''
Spruce ex Benth.
* ''
Swartzia davisii''
Sandwith
* ''
Swartzia dipetala''
Willd. ex Vogel
* ''
Swartzia discocarpa''
Ducke
* ''
Swartzia dolichopoda''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia duckei
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Huber
* ''
Swartzia emarginata''
(Ducke) Torke
* ''
Swartzia eriocarpa''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia fanshawei''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia fimbriata''
Ducke
* ''
Swartzia flaemingii
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Raddi
* ''
Swartzia floribunda''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia foliolosa''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia fraterna''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia froesii
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia gigantea''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia glabrata''
(R. S. Cowan) Torke
* ''
Swartzia glazioviana''
(Taub.) Glaz.
* ''
Swartzia grandifolia
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Bong. ex Benth.
* ''
Swartzia grazielana''
Rizzini
* ''
Swartzia guatemalensis''
(Donn. Sm.) Pittier
* ''
Swartzia guianensis''
(Aubl.) Urb.
* ''
Swartzia haughtii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia hostmannii''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia ingaefolia''
Ducke
* ''
Swartzia iniridensis''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia jenmanii''
Sandwith
* ''
Swartzia jimenezii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia jororii''
Harms
* ''
Swartzia kaieteurensis''
(R. S. Cowan) Torke
* ''
Swartzia katawa''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia klugii''
(R. S. Cowan) Torke
* ''
Swartzia krukovii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia laevicarpa''
Amshoff
* ''
Swartzia lamellata''
Ducke
* ''
Swartzia langsdorffii
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Raddi
* ''
Swartzia latifolia''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia laurifolia''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia laxiflora''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia leblondii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia leiocalycina
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia leiogyne''
(Sandwith) Cowan
* ''
Swartzia leptopetala''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia littlei''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia longicarpa
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Amshoff
* ''
Swartzia longipedicellata''
Sandwith
* ''
Swartzia longistipitata''
Ducke
* ''
Swartzia lucida''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia macrocarpa''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia macrophylla''
Vogel
* ''
Swartzia macrosema''
Harms
* ''
Swartzia macrostachya''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia magdalenae''
Britton & Killip
* ''
Swartzia maguirei''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia manausensis''
Torke
* ''
Swartzia mangabalensis''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia martii''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia mayana''
Lundell
* ''
Swartzia micrantha''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia microcarpa''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia monachiana''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia mucronifera''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia multijuga''
Vogel
* ''
Swartzia myrtifolia''
Sm.
** var. ''elegans''
(Schott) R. S. Cowan
** var. ''myrtifolia''
Sm.
* ''
Swartzia nuda''
Schery
* ''
Swartzia oblanceolata''
Sandwith
* ''
Swartzia oblata''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia oblonga''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia obscura''
Huber
* ''
Swartzia oraria''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia oriximinaensis''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia pachyphylla''
Harms
* ''
Swartzia panacoco''
(Aubl.) R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia parvifolia
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Schery
* ''
Swartzia pendula''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia pernitida''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia peruviana''
(R. S. Cowan) Torke
* ''
Swartzia phaneroptera''
Standl.
* ''
Swartzia piarensis''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia pickelii''
Ducke
* ''
Swartzia picta''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia pilulifera''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia pinheiroana''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia pinnata''
(Vahl) Willd.
* ''
Swartzia pittieri''
Schery
* ''
Swartzia polita''
(R. S. Cowan) Torke
* ''
Swartzia polyphylla''
DC.
* ''
Swartzia prolata''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia racemosa''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia ramiflora
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Torke
* ''
Swartzia recurva''
Poepp.
* ''
Swartzia rediviva
''Swartzia rediviva'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae.
It is found only in Suriname.
Description
It was first described by Richard Sumner Cowan in 1973. The first description is based on a specimen collected near the b ...
''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia remiger''
Amshoff
* ''
Swartzia reticulata''
Ducke
* ''
Swartzia riedelii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia robiniifolia''
Vogel
* ''
Swartzia roraimae''
Sandwith
* ''
Swartzia rosea''
Martius ex Bentham
* ''
Swartzia santanderensis''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia schomburgkii
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Benth.
** var. ''rigida''
R. S. Cowan
** var. ''schomburgkii''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia schultesii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia schunkei''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia sericea
''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...
''
Vogel
* ''
Swartzia simplex''
(Sw.) Spreng.
** var. ''grandiflora''
(Raddi) Cowan
** var. ''ochnaceae''
(DC.) R. S. Cowan
** var. ''simplex''
(Sw.) Spreng.
* ''
Swartzia sprucei''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia steyermarkii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia sumorum''
A.R. Molina
* ''
Swartzia tessmannii''
Harms
* ''
Swartzia tillettii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia tomentifera''
(Ducke) Ducke
* ''
Swartzia trianae''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia trinitensis''
Urb.
* ''
Swartzia ulei''
Harms
* ''
Swartzia vaupesiana''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia velutina''
Benth.
* ''
Swartzia wurdackii''
R. S. Cowan
* ''
Swartzia xanthopetala''
Sandwith
Recent
phylogenetic analyses
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
have revealed several well-supported clades within ''Swartzia'' that roughly correspond to previously-erected sections and series in the genus.
'' Nomina dubia''
The following species may or may not be valid:
* ''Swartzia alato-sericea''
Barneby
* ''Swartzia alternifoliolata''
Mansano
* ''Swartzia arenarium''
Ducke
* ''Swartzia aymardii''
Barneby
* ''Swartzia barnebyana''
Cuello
* ''Swartzia burchellii''
Mansano, G.P.Lewis & A.M.G.Azevedo
* ''Swartzia callistemon''
Spruce ex Benth.
* ''Swartzia capixabensis''
Mansano
* ''Swartzia capparioides''
Klotzsch
* ''Swartzia costaricensis''
(Britton) N. Zamora
* ''Swartzia coriaceifolia''
Torke
* ''Swartzia euxylophora''
Rizzini & A.Mattos
* ''Swartzia fasciata''
Rizzini & A. Mattos
* ''Swartzia flabellipetala''
Pittier
* ''Swartzia gracilis''
Pipoly & A. Rudas Lleras
* ''Swartzia guttata''
(D. Don) Standl.
* ''Swartzia hondurensis''
(Britton) Dugand
* ''Swartzia humboldtiana''
Cuello
* ''Swartzia invenusta''
Barneby
* ''Swartzia juruana''
Torke
* ''Swartzia linharensis''
Mansano
* ''Swartzia maquenqueana''
N. Zamora & D. Solano
* ''Swartzia mazaganensis''
Ledoux
* ''Swartzia mexicana''
M. Sousa & R. Grether
* ''Swartzia microcalyx''
Ducke
* ''Swartzia micropetala''
Schott
* ''Swartzia mutisii''
Britton & Killip
* ''Swartzia oedipus''
Barneby
* ''Swartzia nitens''
(Kunth) Vogel ex Steud.
* ''Swartzia oscarpintoana''
Pipoly & Rudas
* ''Swartzia palustris''
Barneby
* ''Swartzia parvipetala''
(R.S. Cowan) Mansano
* ''Swartzia picramnioides''
Standl. & L.O. Williams ex Torke & N. Zamora
* ''Swartzia pulcherrima''
Allem. ex Benth.
* ''Swartzia shnilis''
Benoist
* ''Swartzia stipularis''
Spruce ex Benth.
* ''Swartzia submarginata''
(Benth.) Mansano
* ''Swartzia subspicata''
Klotzsch
* ''Swartzia surinamensis''
Klotzsch
* ''Swartzia tomentosa''
DC.
* ''Swartzia triptera''
Barneby
* ''Swartzia zeledonensis''
Torke & N. Zamora
References
External links
The ''Swartzia'' Pages
{{Taxonbar, from=Q136972
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Fabaceae genera