Swallow-tailed Nightjar

The swallow-tailed nightjar (''Uropsalis segmentata'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Taxonomy and systematics

The swallow-tailed nightjar shares its genus with the lyre-tailed nightjar (''Uropsalis lyra'') and has two subspecies, the nominate ''U. s. segmentata'' and ''U. s. kalinowskii''. The nominate was originally described as ''Hydropsalis segmentata'' and ''U. s. kalinowskii'' as a separate species, ''Macropsalis kalinowskii''.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world'' Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip xls zipped 1 MBretrieved May 27, 2021Henrichs, H. (2020). Swallow-tailed Nightjar (''Uropsalis segmentata''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.swtnig1.01 retrieved October 9, 2021

Description

The male swallow-tailed nightjar has extremely long outer tail feathers from which the species gets its name; the female's tail is much shorter and less graduated. The male is long including the tail streamers and weighs about . The female is long and weighs about . The upperparts of both sexes of the nominate subspecies are dark brown with many tawny spots. The tail is generally brown; the outer tail feathers of both sexes have white shafts and outer webs and the others have tawny bars and spots. The wings are brown to grayish brown with tawny spots. The chin and throat are dark brown with buff spots, the breast dark brown with tawny and buff scallops, and the belly and flanks buff with brown bars. ''U. s. kalinowskii'' has a somewhat shorter tail, the white on the outer feathers is barred rather than continuous, and the inner tail feathers have a whitish band near the tip.

Distribution and habitat

The swallow-tailed nightjar is a bird of the Andes. The nominate subspecies is found in Colombia and Ecuador and ''U. s. kalinowskii'' in Peru and Bolivia. In Colombia it is found in the Central and Eastern Andes, on the main Andes' west slope in northern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, and on the east slope for the entire length of Ecuador, most of Peru, and well into Bolivia. In Colombia it ranges from of elevation, in Peru from , and in Bolivia from . In Ecuador it is mostly found from but also as low as in Napo Province. The swallow-tailed nightjar typically inhabits elfin forest but also the edges of humid montane forest and openings with bamboo, grass, or shrubs.

Behavior

Feeding

The swallow-tailed nightjar is crepuscular and nocturnal. It forages by sallying from the ground or a low perch and also during low continuous flight over open areas. It preys on insects, though details of its diet have not been studied. It roosts on the ground during the day.

Breeding

The swallow-tailed nightjar's breeding season has not been defined though it appears to include August and September. The one nest that has been described in detail was a depression in the ground lined with dried leaves and dead twigs and cntained one egg. (This contrasts with those of many other nightjars, which lay eggs on bare ground.)

Vocalization

The swallow-tailed nightjar's song has been described as "unmistakable and beautiful ... a vibrating ''worr-r-r-e-e-e-e-e-r'', at first sliding up, then dropping down", and is sung from the ground. It also makes "a liquid, rising ''pwip'', and a musical mellow stuttered whistle when agitated".

Status

The IUCN has assessed the swallow-tailed nightjar as being of Least Concern. Though its population has not been quantified, it is believed stable. No immediate threats have been identified though deforestation might be in the future.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1272944

swallow-tailed nightjar
Birds of the Northern Andes
swallow-tailed nightjar
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot