Svaliava ( uk, Свалява, hu, Szolyva, sk, Svaľava, yi, סוואליאווע ''Svalyave'') is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
located on the
Latorytsia River in
Zakarpattia Oblast
The Zakarpattia Oblast ( uk, Закарпатська область, Zakarpatska oblast) is an administrative oblast located in western Ukraine, mostly coterminous with the historical region of Carpathian Ruthenia. Its administrative centre is ...
in western
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. It is the administrative center of
Svaliava Raion (
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...
). Population: .
Names
There are several alternative names used for this city: uk, Свалява, cz, Svaljava,
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
: ''Schwalbach'' or ''Schwallbach'', ro, Svaliava, russian: Свалява.
Demographics
At the
2001 census, the population included:
*
Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...
(94.5%)
*
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
(1.5%)
*
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
(0.7%)
*
Slovaks (0.6%)
History
According to the census of 1910, 47.1% of the population was Greek Catholic, 26.2% Jewish and 22.9% Roman Catholic. The Jewish population was deported to Auschwitz after the
German occupation of Hungary, in May 1944, and most of them was murdered there.
After the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
a
concentration camp
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simpl ...
was working near the town. Hungarian and German-born civilians (born between 1896 and 1926) were carried off by
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
forces to the camp purely on the basis of their nationality. They were ordered to report for "
malenkij robot" (a corrupted Russian for "small work"), but most of them – more than 10 thousands deportees were killed in the camp. The site of the camp is now a memorial park established in 1994.
Gallery
File:Wooden church in Svaliava, Zakarpatska oblast.jpg, St. Nicholas Church
File:Svaliava (Szolyva) synagogue.jpg, Synagogue in Svaliava
File:Svaliava,former synagogue,now-bakery.JPG, Synagogue today, now the bakery is here
File:Svaliava,former synagogue.jpg, Former synagogue
File:Svaliava,jewish cemetery.JPG, Jewish cemetery
File:Szolyva 12.jpg, Memorial park in Svaliava
References
External links
Svaliavain th
Encyclopedia of Ukraine
{{Authority control
Cities in Zakarpattia Oblast
Spa towns in Ukraine
Cities of district significance in Ukraine
Holocaust locations in Ukraine