Susumanioidea is an extinct superfamily of

Phasmatodea The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida, Phasmatoptera or Spectra) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick-bugs, walking sticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as ...

, known from the Middle Jurassic to Eocene. They lie outside the modern

crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. ...

of Phasmatodea. Members of the group typically possess large, fully developed wings.

Taxonomy

According to Yang et al. 2021. *†subfamily Phasmomimoidinae Gorochov 1988 ** †'' Phasmomimoides'' Sharov 1968 5 species, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian- Oxfordian, Zaza Formation, Russian,

Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), a ...

* †subfamily Aclistophasmatinae Yang et al. 2021 ** †'' Aclistophasma'' Yang et al. 2021

Jiulongshan Formation The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...

(Daohugou Beds), China, Callovian ** †'' Adjacivena'' Shang et al. 2011 Daohugou Beds, China, Callovian * †subfamily Susumaniinae Gorochov 1988 ** †'' Aethephasma'' Ren 1997 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian ** †'' Coniphasma'' Birket-Smith 1981 Umivik locality, Greenland,

Coniacian The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series and spans the time between 89.8 ± 1 Ma and 86.3 ± 0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Coniacian is preceded by t ...

** †'' Cretophasmomima'' Kuzmina 1985

Weald Clay Weald Clay or the Weald Clay Formation is a Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock unit underlying areas of South East England, between the North and South Downs, in an area called the Weald Basin. It is the uppermost unit of the Wealden Group of ro ...

, England,

Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...

, Yixian Formation, China, Aptian Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian, Ola Formation. Arkagalinskaya Formation, Russia, Campanian ** †'' Cretophasmomimoides'' Gorochov 1988 Anda-Khuduk Formation, Mongolia, Aptian ** †''

Eoprephasma ''Eoprephasma'' is an extinct genus of stick insect in the Susumaniidae, susumaniid subfamily Susumaniinae known from a group of Eocene fossils found in North America. When first described there was a single named species, ''Eoprephasma hichensi' ...

'' Archibald and Bradler 2015

Klondike Mountain Formation The Klondike Mountain Formation is an Early Eocene (Ypresian) geological formation located in the northeast central area of Washington state. The formation, named for the type location designated in 1962, Klondike Mountain north of Republic, Wash ...

, United States,

Ypresian In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age (geology), age or lowest stage (stratigraphy), stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by th ...

** †'' Eosusumania'' Gorochov 1988 Emanra Formation, Russia,

Turonian The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by t ...

** †'' Hagiphasma'' Ren 1997 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian ** †'' Kolymoptera'' Gorochov 1988 Arkagalinskaya Formation, Russia, Campanian ** †'' Orephasma'' Ren 1997 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian ** †'' Palaeopteron'' Rice 1969

Redmond Formation The Redmond Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian). It was a thin (up to thick) and restricted unit traced for in a single mine (Redmond No. 1) in Labra ...

, Canada,

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the s ...

** †'' Paraphasmomimella'' Kuzmina 1985 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian Emanra Formation, Russia, Turonian ** †'' Phasmomimella'' Kevan and Wighton 1981 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian, Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian, Paskapoo Formation, Canada,

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...

** †'' Phasmomimula'' Kevan and Wighton 1981 Paskapoo Formation, Canada, Paleocene ** †'' Promastacoides'' Kevan and Wighton 1981 Paskapoo Formation, Canada, Paleocene ** †'' Prosusumania'' Gorochov 1988 Argun Formation, Russia, Aptian ** †''

Renphasma ''Renphasma'' is an extinct genus of stick insect which existed in what is now China during the early Cretaceous period. It was named by André Nel and Emmanuel Delfosse in 2011, and the type species is ''Renphasma sinica,'' found in the early Apt ...

'' Nel and Delfosse 2011 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian ** †'' Susumania'' Gorochov 1988 Arkagalinskaya Formation, Russia, Campanian

References

{{Reflist Phasmatodea Insect superfamilies Prehistoric insects