Supreme Body Of State Power

The highest organ of state power is the representative organ in communist states that functions as the sole branch of government according to the principle of unified power. For example, the government of the Soviet Union was designated as the highest executive and administrative body of the highest organ of state power, the All-Union Supreme Soviet.

The powers of the highest organ of state power are constrained only by the limits it has itself set by adopting constitutional and legal documents. In China, according to Chinese legal scholar Zhou Fang, " e powers of the National People's Congress as the highest organ of state power are boundless, its authority extends to the entire territory of the country, and, if necessary, it can intervene in any matter which it finds it requisite to do so." More specifically, according to Chinese legal scholars Xu Chongde and Niu Wenzhan, " e other central State organs are created by the NPC and execute the laws and resolutions made by the NPC." These bodies are not permanent and generally convene at least once a year.

In between sessions, most or all of its duties and responsibilities are transferred to its working body, usually named either presidium, state council or standing committee. For instance, Article 19 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution states that the Presidium of the All-Union Supreme Soviet exercised "the functions of the highest body of state authority of the USSR between sessions of the Supreme Soviet". These bodies have the power to issue decrees or regulations in lieu of law. In most cases, if such measures are not ratified by the highest organ at its next session, they are considered revoked. However, in some countries, even this formality was not observed.

These highest organs of state power have commonly been called legislatures by outside observers, but the constitutional documents and laws of these states rarely do. Instead, they tend to be described as having national legislative power. For example, the Constitution of Vietnam has described the nation's highest organ of state power as:

Examples

There has existed, and still exists, these organs in several countries:
*Congress of Soviets and Supreme Soviet in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
* People's Chamber and Chamber of States in the German Democratic Republic
* Great National Assembly in the People's Republic of Romania and the Socialist Republic of Romania
* Federal Assembly in the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
*People's Great Khural in the People's Republic of Mongolia
* National Assembly of People's Power in the Republic of Cuba
* National Assembly of Vietnam in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
* National People's Congress in the People's Republic of China
* National Assembly in the Democratic People's Republic of Laos
* Kampuchean People's Representative Assembly in Democratic Kampuchea
* National Assembly in the People's Republic of Kampuchea
*People's Assembly of Albania in the People's Republic of Albania and Socialist People's Republic of Albania
* Sejm in the People's Republic of Poland
* National Assembly in the People's Republic of Bulgaria
* Parliament in the People's Republic of Hungary
* National Assembly and Federal Assembly in the Republic of Czechoslovakia and the Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia
* Supreme People's Council in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
*People's National Assembly in the People's Republic of the Congo
* People's Assembly in the People's Republic of Mozambique
* National Assembly in the People's Republic of Angola
*Revolutionary National Assembly in the People's Republic of Benin
* Supreme Revolutionary Council and People's Assembly in the Democratic Republic of Somalia
*National Shengo in the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
*Supreme People's Assembly in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Other usage

This term "highest organ of state power" also exists in certain non-communist states, but has a different meaning. For example, Japan's National Diet is referred to as "the highest organ of state power..." in Article 41 of the Constitution, possibly in reference to the influence of parliamentary sovereignty from the Constitution of the United Kingdom.https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html

See also

* Unified power
* Parliamentary sovereignty
* Separation of powers
* Fusion of powers

References

Bibliography

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{{Marxism–Leninism
Historical legislatures
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