Sunpu Castle

was a Japanese castle in Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan. The sobriquet of this feudal fortress was the "Castle of the Floating Isle".Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
Shizuoka
It was also referred to as or .

History

During the Muromachi period, the Imagawa clan ruled Suruga Province from their base at Sunpu (modern-day Shizuoka City). It is not certain exactly when a castle was built on this site. After Imagawa Yoshimoto was defeated at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, Suruga Province passed to the Takeda clan, and then to Tokugawa Ieyasu, who had spent his youth in Sunpu as Yoshimoto's hostage.

In 1585, Ieyasu constructed a new Sunpu Castle on the approximate site of the former fortified Imagawa residence. He took up residence at the castle in 1586, along with his favored consort, Lady Saigō, and their two sons, Hidetada and Tadayoshi.Kobayashi and Makino (1994), p.400. Lady Saigo died at Sunpu Castle in 1589. After the defeat of the later Hōjō clan at the Battle of Odawara by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ieyasu was forced to change his domains in the Tōkai region with the provinces of the Kantō region, and turned Sunpu Castle over to Toyotomi retainer Nakamura Kazuichi in 1590.

After the defeat of the Toyotomi at the Battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu recovered Sunpu. With the formation of the Tokugawa shogunate, Ieyasu turned the title of ''shōgun'' over to his son Tokugawa Hidetada, and retired to Sunpu, where he set up a shadow government to maintain effective rule over the country from behind the scenes. As part of the Tokugawa policy to sap potential rivals of economic strength, ''daimyōs'' from around the country were called upon to rebuild Sumpu Castle in 1607 with a triple moat system, keep and palace. When this burned down in 1610, the ''daimyōs'' were ordered to rebuild it immediately, this time with a seven-story donjon. After Ieyasu's death in 1616, Sunpu Castle remained the seat of government for the surrounding Sunpu Domain, which for most of its existence was a tenryō territory governed directly by the ''shōgun'' in Edo.

During this period, a series of appointed overseers were based at Sunpu Castle to serve as administrators for the region. These officials were called the or ''Sushū Rioban'', and were most often appointed from the ranks of the '' Ōbangashira''.

In 1635, most of Sunpu burned down in a fire, which also consumed the buildings of Sunpu Castle. By 1638, the palace, gates, ''yagura'' and other structures were reconstructed, but notably, the donjon was not, since Sunpu was ruled by an appointed administrator, rather than by a ''daimyō''.

After the Meiji Restoration, the final Tokugawa ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Yoshinobu, resigned his post and moved to Sunpu in retirement. However, he was not allowed to move into Sunpu Castle, but was given the former Sunpu ''Daikansho'' offices to be his residence. His heir, Tokugawa Iesato, was briefly established as ''daimyō'' of "Shizuoka Domain" (700,000 ''koku'') in 1868 until its abolition a year later in 1869.

In 1871, American educator E. Warren Clark arrived in Shizuoka to teach science. Shortly thereafter, he directed construction of an American-style house on the grounds of the former castle. In 1873, Clark left Shizuoka for Tokyo. A western-style school, the ''Shizuhatasha'' (or ''Shizuhatanoya'') was established in the house which had been built for Clark; and a Canadian missionary, Davidson McDonald, was engaged to run it. McDonald later helped establish Aoyama Gakuin University in Tokyo.Foreign Ministry of Japan
''Episodes in Japan-Canada Relations''.
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The castle grounds became property of Shizuoka City from 1889. Much of the moat system was filled in, and portions of the bailey either became a park, or were used as for prefectural government offices. In 1896, a large portion of the inner castle grounds was turned over to the Imperial Japanese Army as a base for the IJA 34th Infantry Regiment.

In 1949, the army base was abolished, and the area turned over to the city government, which transformed the area into "Sunpu Park". Reconstruction projects in 1989 and in 1996 recreated the Tatsumi ''Yagura'' and eastern gate.

See also

* Sunpu Domain

Notes

References

* Beasley, William G. (1955)
''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868''.
London: Oxford University Press. eprinted_by_RoutledgeCurzon,_London,_2001.__.html" ;"title="RoutledgeCurzon.html" ;"title="eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon">eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. ">RoutledgeCurzon.html" ;"title="eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon">eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. * Cullen, Louis M. (2003)
''A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds''.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Ion, A. Hamish. (1990)
''The Cross and the Rising Sun''.
Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
*
* Murdoch, James. (1926). ''A History of Japan''. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co
reprinted by
Routledge, 1996.
* Pedlar, Neil. (1990)
''The Imported Pioneers: Westerners who Helped Build Modern Japan''.
London: Routledge.

Literature

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External links

Sumpu Castle Park official website
English)

{{Authority control

Castles in Shizuoka Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Shizuoka (city)
100 Fine Castles of Japan