Sundara Ramaswamy

Sundara Ramaswamy (30 May 1931 – 15 October 2005) was an Indian novelist, poet, translator and literary critic, widely considered to be a pre-eminent figure in post-Independence Tamil literature. Born in 1931 in Thazhuviya Mahadevan Kovil, a village in Nagercoil, then part of the princely state of Travancore, he grew up in Kottayam and, later, central Travancore until the age of eight, when his family moved to Nagercoil. He continued his schooling there, but was generally considered to be a poor student. His notable works include "'' Oru Puliyamarathin Kathai", "J.J. Sila Kuripugal"'' and "''Kuzhanthaigal", Pengal, Aangal.'' A key figure in Tamil modern literature, the translations of his novels and short stories have brought him international acclaim. Sundara Ramaswamy has been praised for his versatility, his skillful negotiation of various literary forms: poetry, short fiction and the novel.

Ramaswamy began his literary career translating Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai's Malayalam novel, ''Thottiyude Makan'' into Tamil. His early short stories were published in progressive literary journals like Shanthi and Saraswati. He has written over 80 short stories, 3 novels, a little over 100 poems, as well as many essays and reviews. In 1987, Sundara Ramaswamy launched a literary review, Kalachuvadu, which folded after 8 quarterly issues and a final special edition. It was later revived in 1994, by his son Kannan Sundaram, in a different form.

Early years

Sundara Ramaswamy spent his childhood in Kottayam, Travancore, where his father worked as a Burmah Oil agent. Coming from a Tamil Brahmin family, he spoke the language, but as he lived in Travancore, he only learned to read and write in Malayalam. His father decided to move to Nagercoil, Kanyakumari in 1939. He continued his schooling there, but was generally considered to be a poor student. Kanyakumari then was still a part of Travancore, so his education continued in Malayalam.

At ten years old, he developed rheumatoid arthritis, and remained ill for the next five or six years. Often bedridden, his schooling was interrupted regularly until he discontinued it altogether. He taught himself Tamil from the age of 18, and became exposed to writing from the magazine ''Manikodi'', and famous Tamil writers such as Na. Pitchamurthy and C.S. Chellappa. He was particularly influenced by Pudumaipithan.

Career

At 20, he began his literary career, translating Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai's Malayalam novel, ''Thottiyude Makan'' into Tamil and writing his first short story, 'Muthalum Mudivum', which he published in ''Pudimaipithan Ninaivu Malar''.
He was influenced by the works of contemporary thinkers such as Gandhi, Periyar, Sri Aurobindo, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Ram Manohar Lohia, J. C. Kumarappa and J.Krishnamurty. In 1952, he began to be influenced by Marxist theory after meeting the Communist T. M. C. Raghunathan, editor of the magazine ''Shanti''. He joined the editorial-board of ''Saraswathi'', edited by Vijayabhaskaran, who was also a Communist. He met the editor M.Govindan in 1957 and they became friends.

Short stories and Novels

The majority of his early short stories were published in the magazines ''Sarawathi'' and ''Santhi,'' although he also wrote several collections, among them ''Akkaraic chimaiyil'' (On the Shores Beyond, 1959) and ''Pitatchatam'' (Offerings,1964) ''Oru Puliamarathin Kathai'' (The Story of a Tamarind Tree, 1966) was his first novel. It received critical acclaim, and is now regarded as a groundbreaking classic of Tamil literature. He edited and published a literary magazine called ''Kalachuvadu'' Ramaswamy suspended active writing for nearly six years; and when he resumed in 1973, his style had evolved. It was in this phase that he wrote the short stories in ''Pallikutt takhihal'' (The Palanquin Bearers), the book of novellas ''Tiraikal ayiram'' (Thousand curtains,1975) and later the novel ''J.J. Silakuripukal'' (J.J. Some Notes) in 1988. He published his last novel, ''Kuzhanthaigal, Pengal, Aangal'' (Children, Women, Men) in 1995.

Poetry

He wrote his first poem "Un Kai Nagam" in 1959, using the pseudonym 'Pasuvayya' and publishing it in ''Ezhuthu''. ''Nadunisi nayagal'' (Midnight dogs) was published in 1975 followed by ''Pasuvayya kavithagal'' (Pasuvayya poems). Although his earlier poems used structured language, they later became more spontaneous. His poetry is collected into the book ''107 Kavithaikal''.

Translation Work

He has translated from Malayalam into Tamil two of Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai's books ''Chemmeen'' and ''Thottiyude Magan'' and short stories by Basheer, Karoor Neelakanta Pillai and M. Govindan.

Critical writing

He wrote ''Na.Pichamoorthiyin Kalai marabum manitha neyamum,'' a book of criticism on N.Pichamoorthi's literary works. Analysing the author's poetry and short stories in depth, Ramasamy describes how Pichamoorthi has contributed to free verse poetry with his simple words and philosophy, and defines how Pichamoorthi has set the grammar on how free verse poetry should be, in comparison to many modern poets. The book was released in April 1991 by Vanathi publications.

Translations of works

''Oru Puliamarathin Kathai'' has been translated into English (Tale of a Tamarind Tree, Penguin India, New Delhi), Hindi, Malayalam and Hebrew.

Penguin India has released a new translation of ''Oru Puliyamarathin Kadai'' titled ''Tamarind History''. A translation of ''Kuzhanthaikal, Pengal, Aangal'' was also released, titled ''Children, Women, Men.''

Death

He died in the United States from pulmonary fibrosis in 2005, aged 74. He was survived by a son and two daughters.

Awards and honours

He received the Kumaran Asan Memorial Award in 1988; the Iyal Award from The Tamil Literary Garden in 2001 and the Katha Chudamani Award in 2004

See also

* List of Indian writers

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramaswami, Sundara
1931 births
2005 deaths
Tamil writers
Tamil poets
People from Kanyakumari district
Indian male poets
Poets from Tamil Nadu
20th-century Indian male writers
20th-century Indian translators
20th-century Indian poets
Place of death missing