Sultan of Terengganu () is the title of the constitutional head of
Terengganu
Terengganu (; Terengganu Malay: ''Tranung'', Jawi: ), formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu, is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, ''Dāru l- Īmān'' ("Abode of Faith"). ...
state in
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
. The current Sultan
Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu
Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah ( Jawi: ; born 22 January 1962) is the 18th and current Sultan of Terengganu. He served as the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitutio ...
, is the 18th sultan and 13th
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (, Jawi: ), also known as the Supreme Head of the Federation, the Paramount Ruler or simply as the Agong, and unofficially as the King of Malaysia, is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. The of ...
of
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
from 2006 to 2011. He is the head of the religion of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state.
History
Terengganu emerged as an independent
sultan
Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...
ate in 1725. The first sultan was Zainal Abidin I, the younger brother of a former sultan of
Johor
Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan ...
, and Johor strongly influenced Terengganu politics through the 18th century. However, in the book ''
Tuhfat al-Nafis
''Tuhfat al-Nafis'' (; English: The Precious Gift) is a work of Malay literature written by the Bugis Raja Ali Haji in Jawi in around 1866–1870. who is of Malay-Bugis descent. It records and chronicles events, especially those of the 19th c ...
'', the author, Raja Ali Haji, mentions that in the year 1708, Zainal Abidin I was installed as the Sultan of Terengganu by Daeng Menampuk – also known as Raja Tua – under the rule of Sultan
Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah
Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Badr ul-‘Alam Shah Khalifat ul-Muminim ibni Almarhum Sultan ‘Abdu’l Jalil Ri’ayat Shah (11 November 1699 – 20 August 1760) was the 12th Sultan of Johor, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Johor and Sultan of P ...
.
In the 19th century, Terengganu became a vassal state of the Thai
Rattanakosin Kingdom, and sent tribute every year called ''
bunga mas
The bunga emas dan perak ( "golden and silver flowers", th, ต้นไม้เงินต้นไม้ทอง ), often abbreviated to bunga mas ( Jawi: "golden flowers"), was a tribute sent every three years to the king of Ayutthaya ( ...
''. This occurred under the reign of
Sultan Omar Riayat Shah, who was remembered as a devout ruler who promoted trade and stable government. Under Thai rule, Terengganu prospered, and was largely left alone by the authorities in
Bangkok
Bangkok, officially known in Thai language, Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estima ...
. The period also witnessed the existence of a Terengganuan vassal of
Besut Darul Iman
The Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman ( ms, Kerajaan Besut Darul Iman; Jawi:كراجأن بسوت دارالايمان) was a historical Malay Kingdom located in the northeastern coast of the Malay Peninsula, precursor of the present-day Besut Di ...
.
Sultan Zainal Abidin III succeeded the death of his father Sultan Ahmad II in 1881, under his reign Terengganu became a British
protectorate
A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a State (polity), state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over m ...
under the
Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909. In 1911, the sultan issued Terengganu's first constitution. In 1919, a British advisor was appointed to Sultan Muhammad Shah II, the son of the former sultan. Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah was crowned on 1920, his reign saw the growth of Malay nationalism in Terengganu. During the 1920s, growing anti-British sentiment in Terengganu led to uprisings in 1922, 1925 and 1928 which were led by
Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong
Haji Abdul Rahman bin Haji Abdul Hamid (1868—1929) was an ulema, known as Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong because he visited Limbong, Kemaman to teach Islam and start trading. From 1922 until 1928, he was a resistance leader seeking to resist laws ...
.
Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah
Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1 December 1895 – 25 September 1942) was the fourteenth Sultan of Terengganu from 21 May 1920 to 25 September 1942.
Life
Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah was born as T ...
of
Terengganu
Terengganu (; Terengganu Malay: ''Tranung'', Jawi: ), formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu, is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, ''Dāru l- Īmān'' ("Abode of Faith"). ...
died on 25 September 1942 of blood poisoning. The Japanese Military Administration, which occupied
Malaya at that time, proclaimed his son as the 15th Sultan of Terengganu bearing the title
Sultan Ali Shah. However, on 1943, the
Thai
Thai or THAI may refer to:
* Of or from Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia
** Thai people, the dominant ethnic group of Thailand
** Thai language, a Tai-Kadai language spoken mainly in and around Thailand
*** Thai script
*** Thai (Unicode block ...
government under prime minister Field Marshal
Plaek Pibulsonggram
Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram ( th, แปลก พิบูลสงคราม ; alternatively transcribed as ''Pibulsongkram'' or ''Pibulsonggram''; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964), locally known as Marshal P. ( th, จอมพล ...
took over the administration of
Terengganu
Terengganu (; Terengganu Malay: ''Tranung'', Jawi: ), formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu, is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, ''Dāru l- Īmān'' ("Abode of Faith"). ...
from the Japanese and continued to recognise
Sultan Ali Shah.
When the British returned after the end of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, they declined to recognise
Sultan Ali Shah. Allegedly, Sultan Ali was too much in debt and had been too close to the Japanese during their occupation. According to Sultan Ali, the
British Military Administration wanted him removed for his refusal to sign the
Malayan Union
The Malayan Union was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administratio ...
treaty and they also disapproved of his character.
On 1945, the Terengganu State Council of thirteen members announced the dismissal of Sultan Ali and the appointment of Tengku Ismail as the 16th Sultan of Terengganu. Tengku Ismail became known as
Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah
Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Zainal Abidin III Mu’azzam Shah (Jawi alphabet, Jawi: ; 27 January 1907 – 20 September 1979) was the fourth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and the sixteenth ...
and was installed on 6 June 1949 at
Istana Maziah
Istana Maziah is the official palace of the Sultan of Terengganu. It is located at the foot of Bukit Puteri in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The palace is the official venue for important functions such as royal birthdays, weddings, con ...
,
Kuala Terengganu
, image_seal = Seal of Kuala Terengganu City Council.png
, image_flag = Flag of Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.svg
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = From top, left to right:The Crystal Mosq ...
. Sultan Ali continued to dispute his dismissal until his death on 17 May 1996.
[Wan Ramli Wan Mohamad (1993)]
Sultan
Mahmud al-Muktafi Billah Shah succeeded his father in 1979 and ruled Terengganu until 1989 where it then passed to his son, Sultan Zainal Abidin in 1998. He is the current sultan to this day.
List of sultans
![National Museum KL 2008 (110)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/National_Museum_KL_2008_%28110%29.JPG)
#1725–1733: Zainal Abidin I
#1733–1793: Mansur Shah I
#1793–1808: Zainal Abidin II
#1808–1830: Ahmad Shah I
#1830–1831: Abdul Rahman
#1831 (jointly):
Omar Riayat Shah and Mansur Shah II
#1831–1837: Mansur Shah II
#1837–1839: Muhammad Shah I
#1839–1876:
Omar Riayat Shah
#1876-1877: Mahmud Mustafa Shah
#1876–1881: Ahmad Shah II
#1881–1918:
Zainal Abidin III
Sultan Zainal Abidin III Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Muadzam Shah II, , (12 April 1866 – 26 November 1918) was Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the state of Terengganu from 1881 to 1918. Succeeding on the death of his father Sul ...
#1918–1920: Muhammad Shah II
#1920–1942:
Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah
Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Badr ul-‘Alam Shah Khalifat ul-Muminim ibni Almarhum Sultan ‘Abdu’l Jalil Ri’ayat Shah (11 November 1699 – 20 August 1760) was the 12th Sultan of Johor, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Johor and Sultan of P ...
#1942–1945:
Ali Shah
Ali Hassimshah Omarshah (born 7 August 1959), known as Ali Shah , is a former Zimbabwean international cricketer. An all-rounder who batted left-handed and bowled right-arm medium pace, Shah played in three Test matches and 28 One Day Internat ...
#1945–1979:
Ismail Nasiruddin Shah
#1979–1998:
Mahmud al-Muktafi Billah Shah
#1998–present:
Mizan Zainal Abidin
Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah ( Jawi: ; born 22 January 1962) is the 18th and current Sultan of Terengganu. He served as the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitution ...
Gallery
File:CO 1069-494-27 (7888237066).jpg, Sultan Zainal Abidin III (reigned 1881–1918), the 12th sultan of Terengganu
File:CO 1069-494-28 (7888236498).jpg, Sultan Muhammad Shah II (reigned 1918–1920), the 13th sultan of Terengganu, then a ''raja muda'' (crown prince) in 1909
File:YDP Agong 4 (cropped).jpg, Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu (reigned 1965–1970), the 16th sultan
File:Treng-Mahmud.jpg, Mahmud of Terengganu
Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Al-Haj (29 April 1930 – 14 May 1998) was the 17th Sultan of Terengganu from 21 September 1979 to 14 May 1998.
Life
Sultan Mahmud was born on 29 April 193 ...
(reigned 1979–1998), the 17th sultan and the previous sultan to the current one
See also
*
Family tree of Terengganu monarchs
*
Family tree of Malaysian monarchs The following is family tree of the monarchs of Malaysia. The head of state is titled the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The position is elective but only the hereditary rulers of the states of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perli ...
*
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
The following is a list of Sunni Muslim dynasties.
Asia
Middle East Arabian Peninsula
* Banu Wajih (926–965)
*Sharif of Mecca (967–1925)
* Al Uyuniyun (1076–1253)
*Sulaymanids (1063–1174)
*Mahdids (1159–1174)
*Kathiri (Hadhramaut) ( ...
References
{{Sultans and Yang di-Pertua Negeri
1725 establishments in the British Empire
House of Bendahara of Johor
1725 establishments in Asia
Terengganu
Terengganu (; Terengganu Malay: ''Tranung'', Jawi: ), formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu, is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, ''Dāru l- Īmān'' ("Abode of Faith"). ...