Suleiman II (15 April 1642 – 22 June 1691) ( ota, سليمان ثانى ''Süleymān-i
sānī'') was the
Sultan of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
from 1687 to 1691. After being brought to the throne by an armed mutiny, Suleiman and his grand vizier
Fazıl Mustafa Pasha were successfully able to turn the tide of the
War of the Holy League, reconquering
Belgrade in 1690, as well as carrying out significant fiscal and military reforms.
Early life
Suleiman II was born on 15 April 1642 at
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace ( tr, Topkapı Sarayı; ota, طوپقپو سرايى, ṭopḳapu sarāyı, lit=cannon gate palace), or the Seraglio, is a large museum in the east of the Fatih district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the complet ...
in
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya ( Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...
, the son of Sultan
Ibrahim and
Aşub Sultan, a Serb woman originally named Katarina.
Suleiman was only 3 months younger than his half-brother
Mehmed IV
Mehmed IV ( ota, محمد رابع, Meḥmed-i rābi; tr, IV. Mehmed; 2 January 1642 – 6 January 1693) also known as Mehmed the Hunter ( tr, Avcı Mehmed) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the a ...
, who was born on 2 January 1642. After the deposition and execution of his father in 1648, Suleiman's half-brother Mehmed came to the throne. On 21 October 1649, Suleiman along with his brothers Mehmed and Ahmed were circumcised.
In 1651, Suleiman was confined in the ''
Kafes
The Kafes ( ota, قفس, kafes, from ), literally "cage", was the part of the Imperial Harem of the Ottoman Palace where possible successors to the throne were kept under a form of house-arrest and constant surveillance by the palace guards.
Th ...
'', a luxurious prison for royal princes within
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace ( tr, Topkapı Sarayı; ota, طوپقپو سرايى, ṭopḳapu sarāyı, lit=cannon gate palace), or the Seraglio, is a large museum in the east of the Fatih district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the complet ...
. This was done to avoid a rebellion. He stayed there for 36 years until he took the throne in 1687.
Reign
![PIC 2004-08-23 09-12 9807](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/PIC_2004-08-23_09-12_9807.JPG)
Shortly before he assumed the throne, the Ottomans suffered a major defeat at
the second Battle of Mohács in 1687. In 1688, Suleiman II urgently requested the
Mughal Emperor
The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled t ...
Aurangzeb for assistance against the rapidly advancing
Austrians
, pop = 8–8.5 million
, regions = 7,427,759
, region1 =
, pop1 = 684,184
, ref1 =
, region2 =
, pop2 = 345,620
, ref2 =
, region3 =
, pop3 = 197,990
, ref3 ...
, during the
Ottoman–Habsburg War, but most
Mughal forces were engaged in the
Deccan Wars
The large Deccan Plateau in southern India is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, and is loosely defined as the peninsular region between these ranges that is south of the Narmada river. To the north, it is bounded by the ...
and Aurangzeb ignored Suleiman's request to commit to any formal assistance to their desperate Ottoman allies.
The previous ban on alcohol (which was publicly flouted in Istanbul and Galata) was energized under Suleiman, where he managed to demolish several alcohol shops, but this just led to owners bringing in more alcohol.
Suleiman II appointed
Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha Köprülü may refer to:
People
* Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin
** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü f ...
as his
Grand Vizier in 1689, leading to the
reconquest of Belgrade in 1690. Later, the threat from the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
was renewed when they joined in an alliance with other European powers, while the Ottomans had lost the support of their
Crimean
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
vassals, who were forced to defend themselves from several
Russian invasions. Under Köprülü's leadership, the Ottomans halted an Austrian advance into
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...
and crushed an uprising in
Macedonia and
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
until Köprülü was killed in the
Battle of Slankamen
The Battle of Slankamen was fought on 19 August 1691, near Slankamen in the Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia (modern-day Vojvodina, Serbia), between the Ottoman Empire, and Habsburg Austrian forces during the Great Turkish War.
The battle saw a T ...
by Austrian forces.
Family
Suleiman II elevated six known concubines to the rank of consort, with the title of
Kadin, used for the first time as a title rather than a rank.
[ Although some documents refer to some of the concubines of ]Mehmed IV
Mehmed IV ( ota, محمد رابع, Meḥmed-i rābi; tr, IV. Mehmed; 2 January 1642 – 6 January 1693) also known as Mehmed the Hunter ( tr, Avcı Mehmed) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the a ...
, the previous sultan, such as '' Kadin '', historians agree that this class of concubines was institutionalized by Suleiman II
He gave them various jewels and precious objects that belonged to
Muazzez Sultan
ota, خدیجہ معزز سلطان
, birth_name =
, birth_date =
, birth_place =
, death_date = 12 September 1687
, death_place = Old Palace, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
, burial_date = 14 September 1687
, burial_place = Üsküd ...
, one of her father's
Haseki Sultan. These gifts were requisitioned when
Ahmed II
Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet.
Etymology
The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...
, son of Muazzez, succeeded Suleiman II on the throne.
The known consorts of Suleiman II were:
*Hatice Kadın. BaşKadin (first consort).
*Behzad Kadın. She received a brooch and a diamond ring that belonged to Muazzez Sultan.
*Süğlün Kadın. She received a pair of pearl earrings, a pair of diamonds and a pendant set with 83 pearls.
*Şehsuvar Kadın. She received a pearl-encrusted ablution bowl and a pair of earrings.
*Zeyneb Kadın. She received jewelry as a gift in 1691.
*İvaz Kadın. She received jewelry as a gift in 1691.
Despite his six consorts, Suleiman II remained childless. It is not known whether this was due to his sterility, lack of sexual interest, or his precarious health conditions, which forced him to be bedridden for the final half of his short reign.
Death
Suleiman II had fell into a coma and was later brought to Edirne on 8 June 1691. He died on 22 June 1691 and his body was buried in Suleiman the Magnificent's tomb at Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul. His brother Ahmed succeeded him as Sultan.
Gallery
File:II Suleyman Tugra.jpg, Tughra of Suleiman II
File:Rijeka033.jpg, Suleiman II in Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
File:Turchia, solimano II, kurush, 1687-1691.JPG, Coin of Suleiman II
File:Suleiman II.tif, Suleiman II
File:Suleiman II by John Young.jpg, Suleiman II
File:Battle of Mohács 1687.jpg, The Ottoman Army
The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire.
Army
The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ...
after suffering a major defeat during the Second Battle of Mohács
Sources
Bibliography
*
External links
ged 49
{{DEFAULTSORT:Suleiman Ii
1642 births
1691 deaths
Royalty from Istanbul
Ottoman people of the Great Turkish War
17th-century Ottoman sultans
Turks from the Ottoman Empire