The Gallery of 19th-Century Polish Art at Sukiennice ( pl, Galeria Sztuki Polskiej XIX wieku w Sukiennicach), is a division of the
National Museum, Kraków
The National Museum in Kraków ( pl, Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie), popularly abbreviated as MNK, is the largest museum in Poland, and the main branch of Poland's National Museum, which has several independent branches with permanent collections arou ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
. The Gallery is housed on the upper floor of the Renaissance ''
Sukiennice'' Cloth Hall in the center of the
Main Market Square in
Old Town Kraków
Old or OLD may refer to:
Places
* Old, Baranya, Hungary
* Old, Northamptonshire, England
*Old Street station, a railway and tube station in London (station code OLD)
*OLD, IATA code for Old Town Municipal Airport and Seaplane Base, Old Town, ...
.
The Gallery holds the largest permanent exhibit of the 19th-century Polish painting and sculpture, in four grand rooms. The majority of today's collection at Sukiennice comprises gifts from collectors, artists and their families.
History of the collection
The
National Museum in Kraków
National may refer to:
Common uses
* Nation or country
** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen
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was founded on October 7, 1879 by the decree of
Kraków City Council
The Kraków City Council is the governing body of Kraków. The council has forty-three elected members elected every five years in an election by city voters through a secret ballot. The election of City Council and the local head of government ...
following two-year-long renovations of the ''
Sukiennice'' Cloth Hall under the direction of Mayor
Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz
Mikołaj Zyblikiewicz (; uk, Миколай Зиблікевич; 28 November 1823 – 16 May 1887) was a Polish politician and lawyer of Ruthenian origin. He was the Mayor of Kraków – in the then Austrian sector of Partitioned P ...
. At a ceremonial ball of October 3, 1879 it was announced that artist
Henryk Siemiradzki
Henryk Hektor Siemiradzki (24 October 1843 – 23 August 1902) was a Russian-born Polish painter based in Rome, best remembered for his monumental academic art. He was particularly known for his depictions of scenes from the ancient Greek-Roman w ...
offered his monumental painting called the ''
Nero's Torches
''Nero's Torches'' () is an 1876 painting by the Polish artist Henryk Siemiradzki. It is also known as ''Candlesticks of Christianity'' (''Świeczniki chrześcijaństwa'').
Description
It depicts a group of Early Christian martyrs who are about ...
'' (''Pochodnie Nerona'') as gift to the city, with the intention of creating a brand new national gallery in the building. The new Museum elected
Władysław Łuszczkiewicz
Władysław Łuszczkiewicz (September 3, 1828 – May 23, 1900) was a Polish historian and painter of the late Romantic era from Kraków, active in the period of the foreign partitions of Poland. He was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts and ...
, Rector of the
Academy of Fine Arts
The following is a list of notable art schools.
Accredited non-profit art and design colleges
* Adelaide Central School of Art
* Alberta College of Art and Design
* Art Academy of Cincinnati
* Art Center College of Design
* The Art Institute o ...
as its first director. It was a major cultural venue from the moment it opened. The collection grew rapidly under
the foreign partitions, with spontaneous donations pouring in from local gentry, as well as artists themselves.
By the late 1930s, the collections consisted of almost 300,000 items, Siemiradzki won war, and all gold stop in abroad with German. Brudziński paint. The list of major benefactors grew exponentially bigger including many noble families. In 1920, the Museum acquired over 15,000 objects donated by a single collector, Feliks Manggha Jasieński, Dołęga coat-of arms.
The construction of the Museum's contemporary ''
New Main Building'' located at 3 Maja Street, started in 1934. All holdings ranging from antiquity to modern times were moved there.
The Gallery was closed to visitors from October 2006 till 2009 for major renovations; the bulk of the gallery's collections moved to
Niepołomice Castle
Niepołomice Royal Castle is a Gothic castle from the mid-14th century, rebuilt in the Mannerism, late Renaissance style and called the ''second Wawel''. It is situated in Niepołomice, Poland and was extensively reconstructed in the 1990s.
Niepo ...
for temporary display.
The Gallery re-opened in 2010 with new technical equipment, storerooms, service spaces as well as improved thematic layout of the display, providing a broader view of Polish art of the time.
Arrangement
The gallery's arrangement resembles that of a 19th-century salon. Each of the four large exhibition halls is defined by historical period and the theme usually revolving around the one central painting extending into an entire artistic epoch.
; Bacciarelli Room
The Enlightenment Room, also known as the Bacciarelli Room, features
late Baroque, Rococo, and Classicist 18th-century portraits from the court of
Stanisław August Stanislav and variants may refer to:
People
* Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.)
Places
* Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine
* Stanislaus County, C ...
as well as historical paintings and battle scenes by Polish and foreign pre-Romantics; most notably, artwork by
Marcello Bacciarelli
Marcello Bacciarelli (; 16 February 1731 – 5 January 1818) was a Polish-Italian painter of the late-baroque and Neoclassic periods.
Biography
He was born in Rome, and studied there under Marco Benefial. In 1750, with the recommendation of the ...
,
Josef Grassi
Josef Grassi (22 April 1757 – 7 January 1838) was an Austrian portrait and history painter. His middle name is usually given as "Maria", although there is evidence that it was actually "Mathias".Michael Lorenz Wien 2012 He is also called "Giuse ...
,
Giambattista Lampi,
Per Krafft, Józef Pitschmann,
Aleksander Orłowski
Aleksander Orłowski (9 March 1777 – 13 March 1832) was a Polish painter and sketch artist, and a pioneer of lithography in the Russian Empire.
Life
Orłowski was born in 1777 in Warsaw into an impoverished noble family, his father was a ta ...
,
Franciszek Smuglewicz
Franciszek Smuglewicz ( lt, Pranciškus Smuglevičius; 6 October 1745 – 18 September 1807) was a Polish-Lithuanian draughtsman and painter. Smuglewicz is considered a progenitor of Lithuanian art in the modern era. He was precursor of his ...
, Michał Stachowicz,
Kazimierz Wojniakowski
Kazimierz Wojniakowski (1771/72, Kraków – 1812, Warsaw) was a Polish painter, illustrator and Freemason, known primarily for his portraits in the sentimentalist style.
Life and work
He was a pupil of Marcello Bacciarelli."Wojniakowski, Kazimi ...
and similar others.
; Michałowski Room
The
Piotr Michałowski
Piotr Michałowski (July 2, 1800 – June 9, 1855) was a Polish painter of the Romantic period, especially known for his many portraits, and oil studies of horses. Broadly educated, he was also a social activist, legal advocate, city administr ...
Room called Romanticism or the
age of insurrections includes the art of
Artur Grottger
Artur Grottger (11 November 1837 – 13 December 1867) was a Polish Romantic painter and graphic artist, one of the most prominent artists of the mid 19th century under the foreign partitions of Poland, despite a life cut short by incurable ill ...
and Michałowski's own battle scenes with his famed "Somosierra" as well as paintings of "The Cardinal", "Seńko" and portraits on horseback. Other artists include
Henryk Rodakowski
Henryk Hipolit Rodakowski (; 1823–1894) was a Polish painter.
Biography
He came from a well-known family of lawyers. Continuing the family tradition between 1841 and 1845, he studied law in Vienna. Later he studied painting under Joseph Danha ...
,
Jan Nepomucen Głowacki
Jan Nepomucen Głowacki (1802 – July 28, 1847) was a Polish realist painter of the Romantic era, regarded as the most outstanding landscape painter of the early 19th century in Poland under the foreign partitions. Głowacki studied painting at ...
– father of Polish school of landscape painting,
Józef Simmler
Józef Simmler (March 14, 1823, in Warsaw – March 1, 1868, in Warsaw) was a Polish painter known for his classical style and his Polish subjects.
Biography
Simmler came from a wealthy German Protestant family. It was this affluent upbringing t ...
and Aleksander Józef Płonczyński among others.
; Siemiradzki Room
The
Henryk Siemiradzki
Henryk Hektor Siemiradzki (24 October 1843 – 23 August 1902) was a Russian-born Polish painter based in Rome, best remembered for his monumental academic art. He was particularly known for his depictions of scenes from the ancient Greek-Roman w ...
Room entitled Around the Academy prominently displays the monumental ''Nero’s Torches'', a gift by an already world-renowned Siemiradzki to the Museum, painted around 1876. The exhibit revolves around the art of the late 19th century; mythological and biblical scenes, major historical events, independence themes, landscape, and still-life. Featured artists include
Jan Matejko
Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Poles, Polish painting, painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works includ ...
,
Wojciech Gerson
Wojciech Gerson (; July 1, 1831 – February 25, 1901) was a leading Polish people, Polish Painting, painter of the mid-19th century, and one of the foremost representatives of the Polish school of Realism (arts), Realism during the foreign Part ...
,
Jacek Malczewski
Jacek Malczewski (; 15 July 1854 – 8 October 1929) was a Polish symbolist painter who is one of the most revered painters of Poland, associated with the patriotic Young Poland movement following a century of Partitions. He is regarded as the f ...
,
Tadeusz Ajdukiewicz, as well as
Władysław Łuszczkiewicz
Władysław Łuszczkiewicz (September 3, 1828 – May 23, 1900) was a Polish historian and painter of the late Romantic era from Kraków, active in the period of the foreign partitions of Poland. He was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts and ...
,
Henryk Rodakowski
Henryk Hipolit Rodakowski (; 1823–1894) was a Polish painter.
Biography
He came from a well-known family of lawyers. Continuing the family tradition between 1841 and 1845, he studied law in Vienna. Later he studied painting under Joseph Danha ...
and others. Following major 2007 conservation the historical
panorama
A panorama (formed from Greek πᾶν "all" + ὅραμα "view") is any wide-angle view or representation of a physical space, whether in painting, drawing, photography, film, seismic images, or 3D modeling. The word was originally coined in ...
''
Prussian Homage
The Prussian Homage or Prussian Tribute (german: Preußische Huldigung; pl, hołd pruski) was the formal investment of Albert of Prussia as duke of the Polish fief of Ducal Prussia.
In the aftermath of the armistice ending the Polish-Teutonic ...
'' by Matejko is also prominently featured.
; Chełmoński Room
The
Józef Chełmoński
Józef Marian Chełmoński (November 7, 1849 – April 6, 1914) was a Polish painter of the realist school with roots in the historical and social context of the late Romantic period in partitioned Poland. He is famous for monumental paint ...
Room also called Realism, Polish Impressionism and Symbolism is devoted to new trends in Polish art of the late 19th century featuring landscape and genre painting, portraits, battle and domestic scenes by leading painters of the
Young Poland
Young Poland ( pl, Młoda Polska) was a modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918. It was a result of strong aesthetic opposition to the earlier ideas of Positivism. Young Pola ...
movement, notably by Chełmoński himself with his ''Four-in-Hand'' (''Czwórka'', pictured),
Maksymilian and
Aleksander Gierymski
Ignacy Aleksander Gierymski (30 January 1850, Warsaw – d. 6–8 March 1901, Rome) was a Polish painter of the late 19th century, the younger brother of Maksymilian Gierymski. He was a representative of Realism as well as an important precur ...
,
Józef Pankiewicz
Józef Pankiewicz (29 November 1866, in Lublin – 4 July 1940, in La Ciotat) was a Polish impressionist painter, graphic artist and teacher who spent much of his career in France.
Biography
From 1884 to 1885, he studied at the School of Fine Ar ...
, and
Leon Wyczółkowski
Leon Jan Wyczółkowski (; 24 April 1852 – 27 December 1936) was one of the leading Painting, painters of the Young Poland movement, as well as the principal representative of Polish Realism (arts), Realism in art of Polish culture in the Inter ...
(prominent impressionists); paintings by
Wojciech Gerson
Wojciech Gerson (; July 1, 1831 – February 25, 1901) was a leading Polish people, Polish Painting, painter of the mid-19th century, and one of the foremost representatives of the Polish school of Realism (arts), Realism during the foreign Part ...
,
Julian Fałat
Julian Fałat, (30 July 1853 in Tuligłowy near Lwów – 9 July 1929 in Bystra Śląska) was one of the most prolific Polish painters of watercolor and one of the country's foremost landscape painters as well as one of the leading Polish imp ...
,
Adam Chmielowski
Albert Chmielowski (20 August 1845 – 25 December 1916) - born Adam Hilary Bernard Chmielowski - was a Polish nobleman, painter, disabled veteran of the Uprising of 1863, a professed religious and founder of both the Albertine Brothers and Albe ...
,
Stanisław Masłowski
Stanisław Masłowski, born ''Stanisław Stefan Zygmunt Ludgard Masłowski'' (3 December 1853 in Włodawa, – 31 May 1926 in Warsaw) was a Polish painter of realistic style, the author of watercolor landscapes.
Biography
Masłowski was bo ...
("
Moonrise
Moonrise and moonset are times when the upper limb of the Moon appears above the horizon and disappears below it, respectively. The exact times depend on the lunar phase and declination, as well as the observer's location. As viewed from outside ...
") and
Józef Brandt
Józef Brandt (1841 in Szczebrzeszyn – 1915 in Radom) was a Polish painter, a representative of the Munich School, best known for his paintings of battles.
Life
Brandt studied in Warsaw in the school of J.N. Leszczynski and at the Noblemen's ...
, as well as large and controversial ''
Ecstasy, or Frenzy of Exultations'' (1894, pictured) by
Władysław Podkowiński
Władysław Podkowiński (; February 4, 1866 – January 5, 1895) was a Polish master painter and illustrator associated with the Young Poland movement during the Partition period.
Career
Podkowiński was born in Warsaw and began his artist ...
, and many others. Symbolism is represented by the art of
Jacek Malczewski
Jacek Malczewski (; 15 July 1854 – 8 October 1929) was a Polish symbolist painter who is one of the most revered painters of Poland, associated with the patriotic Young Poland movement following a century of Partitions. He is regarded as the f ...
.
; Sculpture
Sculptures include Pius Weloński's "Gladiator", Walery Gadomski's "Salome", Piotr Wójtowicz's "Perseus With the Head of Medusa",
Teodor Rygier
Teodor Rygier (9 October 1841, Warsaw - 18 December 1913, Rome) was a Polish sculptor known for his Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Kraków, Adam Mickiewicz Monument in Kraków, Poland.
Life
Rygier studied in Warsaw, Dresden, Munich and in Vienna. In ...
’s "Bacchante" – he is the author of
Adam Mickiewicz Monument adorning the entrance to the Museum on the east side of
Kraków Main Square; Antoni Pleszowski's "Sadness", Piotr Michałowski's "Napoleon on Horseback" and Stanisław Lewandowski's "A Slav Breaking Chains". Among the collection of portrait sculptures are, Piotr Michałowski's self-portraits, Antoni Kurzawa's "Mickiewicz Awaking the Genius of Poetry", Antoni Madeyski's "Portrait of Aleksander Gierymski", Wiktor Brodzki's "Instigations of Love", Piotr Wójtowicz's "After a Bath" and Antoni Madeyski's "Greyhound".
Theme rooms
File:Galeria Sztuki Polskiej XIX wieku w Sukiennicach - sala Bacciarellego.jpg, Bacciarelli Room
File:Galeria Sztuki Polskiej XIX wieku w Sukiennicach sala Michałkowskiego.jpg, Michałowski Room
File:Galeria Sztuki Polskiej XIX wieku w Sukiennicach - sala Siemiradzkiego 2.jpg, Siemiradzki Room
File:Galeria Sztuki Polskiej XIX wieku w Sukiennicach - sala Chełmońskiego 3.jpg, Chełmoński Room
See also
*
Sukiennice (Kraków Cloth Hall)
*
National Museum in Kraków
National may refer to:
Common uses
* Nation or country
** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen
Places in the United States
* National, Maryland, ce ...
*
Culture of Kraków
Kraków is considered by many to be the Culture of Poland, cultural capital of Poland. It was named the European Capital of Culture by the European Union for the year 2000. The city has some of the best museums in the country and several famous the ...
References
External links
Sukiennice Museum Home Page
{{Authority control
Art museums and galleries in Poland
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
Registered museums in Poland
Museums in Kraków
Art museums established in 1879
1879 establishments in Austria-Hungary