Suifenhe () is a
county-level city
A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a Administrative divisions of China#County level (3rd), county-level administrative divi ...
in southeastern
Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang () formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is the northernmost and easternmost province ...
province, People's Republic of China, located where the former
Chinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (, russian: Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or , ''Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga'' or ''KVZhD''), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (als ...
crosses
the border with
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
's town of
Pogranichny
Pogranichny (russian: Пограни́чный; masculine), Pogranichnaya (; feminine), or Pogranichnoye (; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
* Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai, an urban-type settlement ...
,
Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the ...
. In January 2014, Suifenhe became the only Chinese city in which trading with
Russian Ruble
''hum''; cv, тенкĕ ''tenke''; kv, шайт ''shayt''; Lak: къуруш ''k'urush''; Mari: теҥге ''tenge''; os, сом ''som''; tt-Cyrl, сум ''sum''; udm, манет ''manet''; sah, солкуобай ''solkuobay''
, name_ab ...
is officially allowed. The city shares its name with the
Suifen River
The Razdolnaya (russian: Раздольная, formerly: Суйфун ''Suyfun'') or Suifen () is a river in People's Republic of China and Russia. It flows into the Amur Bay of the Sea of Japan.
The name
''Suifen'' is the Manchu word ''(suifun) ...
, and is under the administration of
Mudanjiang
Mudanjiang (; Manchu
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later ...
Prefecture-level City.
Suifenhe and the surrounding border areas were scenes of vicious combat when the Soviet Union
invaded
An invasion is a military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory owned by another such entity, generally with the objective of either: conquering; liberating or re-establishing con ...
Japanese-occupied Manchuria
The Empire of Japan's Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria on 18 September 1931, immediately following the Mukden Incident. At the war's end in February 1932, the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo. Their occupation lasted until the ...
in August 1945.
Geography and climate
![Txu-oclc-6614368-nl52-12](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Txu-oclc-6614368-nl52-12.jpg)
Suifenhe has a
monsoon
A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...
-influenced
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
''Dwb''), with long, very cold, but dry winters, and warm, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures range from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Precipitation is light in the winter, and more than 2/3 of the year's precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 44% in July to 64% in January and February, the city receives 2,413 hours of bright sunshine annually, with the latter half of winter being especially sunny.
Administrative divisions
Suifenhe administers two
towns
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
:
*
Suifenhe Town
Suifenhe () is a county-level city in southeastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located where the former Chinese Eastern Railway crosses China–Russia border, the border with Russia's town of Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai, ...
()
*
Funing Town ()
Transport
Road
Suifenhe is also a terminus of both
G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway
The Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway (), designated as G10 and commonly referred to as the Suiman Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Suifenhe, Heilongjiang, China, and Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia. When fully complete, it will ...
and
China National Highway 301
China National Highway 301 (G301) runs from Suifenhe, Heilongjiang to Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia. It is 1,680 kilometres in length and runs northwest from Suifenhe towards Manzhouli.
Route and distance
See also
* China National Highways
T ...
, which run northwest to
Manzhouli
Manzhouli (; mn, Манжуур хот; ) is a sub-prefectural city located in Hulunbuir prefecture-level city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Located on the border with Russia, it is a major land port of entry. It has an area of and ...
(
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...
), which is another China–Russia port-of-entry.
Road and rail border crossing
Suifenhe is one of the points where China's and Russia's railway systems connect through a rail border crossing on the
Sino-Russian border. The rail line was originally constructed as the
Chinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (, russian: Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or , ''Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga'' or ''KVZhD''), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (als ...
in the early 20th century, but now serves as the terminus of the
Harbin-Suifenhe Railway. The train station on the opposite side of the border is Grodekovo, in the town of
Pogranichny
Pogranichny (russian: Пограни́чный; masculine), Pogranichnaya (; feminine), or Pogranichnoye (; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
* Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai, an urban-type settlement ...
,
Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the ...
.
As of December 2009, Russian train schedule sites show the existence of the passenger train no. 401, making the 26-km trip between Suifenhe and Grodekovo twice a week; however, the twice-a-week trains no. 006,
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk ( rus, Хабaровск, a=Хабаровск.ogg, r=Habárovsk, p=xɐˈbarəfsk) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China ...
–
Harbin
Harbin (; mnc, , v=Halbin; ) is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital and the largest city of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, as well as the second largest city by urban population after Shenyang and largest ...
, and no. 967,
Vladivostok
Vladivostok ( rus, Владивосто́к, a=Владивосток.ogg, p=vɫədʲɪvɐˈstok) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia. The city is located around the Zolotoy Rog, Golden Horn Bay on the Sea ...
–Harbin only have a scheduled stop in Grodekovo and not in Suifenhe.
The cross-border rail line is important for freight transportation. As of 2015, the main cargo entering China from Russia over this railway crossing is
iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the fo ...
; at 1.3 million tons over the first 5 months of the year, it constitutes about 1/3 of the total import cargo volume.
The
G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway
The Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway (), designated as G10 and commonly referred to as the Suiman Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Suifenhe, Heilongjiang, China, and Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia. When fully complete, it will ...
and
China National Highway 301
China National Highway 301 (G301) runs from Suifenhe, Heilongjiang to Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia. It is 1,680 kilometres in length and runs northwest from Suifenhe towards Manzhouli.
Route and distance
See also
* China National Highways
T ...
, which terminates at Suifenhe is connected via a road border crossing to Russia's A184 Highway. The nearest city to the crossing on the Russian side is
Pogranichny
Pogranichny (russian: Пограни́чный; masculine), Pogranichnaya (; feminine), or Pogranichnoye (; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
* Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai, an urban-type settlement ...
.
References
{{County-level divisions of Heilongjiang
Cities in Heilongjiang
China–Russia border crossings
Mudanjiang