Inclusion body rhinitis (IBR), or cytomegalic inclusion disease, is a pig disease caused by ''Suid betaherpesvirus 2'' (SuHV-2), which is a member of the herpesvirus family. It is a notifiable disease that is found worldwide. It is spread both vertically and horizontally and prevalence is high. It is not zoonotic but the risk to humans that receive pig organ transplants is currently under investigation.

Clinical signs

Clinical signs are normally only seen in either piglets less than 3 weeks old or pregnant sows. Signs in piglets include rhinitis, pneumonia, anaemia, fever and sudden death. Black discoloration around the eyes is often seen and gastrointestinal and neurological signs are also reported. Signs in pregnant sows include reproductive failure, genital ulceration and

agalactia In breastfeeding women, low milk supply, also known as lactation insufficiency, insufficient milk syndrome, agalactia, agalactorrhea, hypogalactia or hypogalactorrhea, is the production of breast milk in daily volumes that do not fully meet the nu ...

Diagnosis

A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the history and clinical signs. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by

direct Direct may refer to: Mathematics * Directed set, in order theory * Direct limit of (pre), sheaves * Direct sum of modules, a construction in abstract algebra which combines several vector spaces Computing * Direct access (disambiguation), a ...

indirect fluorescent-antibody Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on microbiological samples. This technique uses the specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target fluorescent dyes to sp ...

testing (FAT),

PCR PCR or pcr may refer to: Science * Phosphocreatine, a phosphorylated creatine molecule * Principal component regression, a statistical technique Medicine * Polymerase chain reaction ** COVID-19 testing, often performed using the polymerase chain r ...

, post mortem (signs include

petechia A petechia () is a small red or purple spot (≤4 mm in diameter) that can appear on the skin, conjunctiva, retina, and Mucous membrane, mucous membranes which is caused by haemorrhage of capillaries. The word is derived from Italian , 'freckle,' ...

and pulmonary congestion),

histopathology Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ''histos'' "tissue", πάθος ''pathos'' "suffering", and -λογία '' -logia'' "study of") refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Spe ...

electron microscopy An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a hi ...

Treatment and control

Often no treatment is required. However, as ''Suid betaherpesvirus 2'' is a member of '' Herpesviridae'' it remains latent and sheds at times of stress. Therefore, husbandry measures to minimise stress levels should be in place.

References

* ''Inclusion body rhinitis'', reviewed and published by Wikivet at http://en.wikivet.net/Inclusion_Body_Rhinitis, accessed 08/09/2011. {{Taxonbar, from=Q6014884, from2=Q18965187, from3=Q24808743 Swine diseases Viral respiratory tract infections Betaherpesvirinae