Succineidae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails (and slugs),

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Succineoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Succineidae Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=181585 on 2021-02-23 They are commonly called amber snails because their thin fragile shells are translucent and amber-colored. They usually live in damp habitats such as marshes. Succineidae is the only family in the superfamily Succineoidea. The soft parts of the animal appear to be too large for the shell.Janus, Horst, 1965. ‘’The young specialist looks at land and freshwater molluscs’’, Burke, London

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...

s varies greatly. The most common totals are less than 10, and also lies between 21 and 25, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The family Succineidae contains two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005): * Succineinae Beck, 1837 - synonyms: Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882; Oxylomatinae Schileyko & I. M. Likharev, 1986 * Catinellinae Odhner, 1950

Genera

Genera in the family Succineidae include: Hyalimax maillardi DosD'Ane 0405

* † '' Eoquickia'' Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2016 * † '' Papyrotheca'' Brusina, 1893 * † '' Suratia'' Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2010 ; Catinellinae Odhner, 1950 * '' Catinella'' Pease, 1870 * '' Indosuccinea'' Rao, 1924 * '' Mediappendix'' Pilsbry, 1948 * '' Quickella'' C. Boettgger, 1939 * '' Quickia'' Odhner, 1950 ; Oxylomatinae Schileyko & Likharev, 1986 * '' Oxyloma'' Westerlund, 1885 ; Succineinae Beck, 1837 * '' Austrosuccinea'' Iredale, 1937 * '' Boninosuccinea'' Habe, 1956 * '' Camptonyx'' Benson, 1858 * '' Helisiga'' Lesson, 1831 * '' Hyalimax'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 * † '' Laxisuccinea'' Cooke, 1921 * '' Lithotis'' W. T. Blanford, 1863 * '' Neosuccinea'' Matekin, 1956 * '' Novisuccinea'' Pilsbry, 1948 * ''

Omalonyx ''Omalonyx'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Succineidae, the amber snails. These snails are amphibious, living very close to water and moving around both on emergent plants and al ...

'' d’Orbigny, 1837Robinson D. G., Hovestadt A., Fields A. & Breure A. S. H. (July 2009). "The land Mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species". ''

Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appear ...

'' 83 http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a13 * '' Pamirsuccinea'' Schileyko & Likharev, 1986 * '' Spirancinea'' Iredale, 1945 * '' Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * '' Succinella'' Mabille, 1871 ;Nomen nudum: * ''Papusuccinea'' Iredale, 1941 ;Synonyms: * Subfamily Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882: synonym of Succineinae H. Beck, 1837 * Subfamily Oxylomatinae Schileyko & I. M. Likharev, 1986: synonym of Succineinae H. Beck, 1837 * ''Amphibina'' W. Hartmann, 1821: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Amphibulima'' Gistel, 1848: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 (Invalid: unnecessary substitute name for ''Succinea''; also a junior homonym of ''Amphibulima'' Lamarck, 1805) * ''Arborcinea'' Iredale, 1937: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Brachyspira'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855 †: synonym of ''Succinea (Brachyspira)'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855 represented as ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Cerinasota'' Iredale, 1939: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Cochlohydra'' A. Férussac, 1821: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Homalonyx'' Ancey, 1881: synonym of ''

'' d'Orbigny, 1838 (unjustified emendation) * ''Hydrophyga'' Lindholm, 1927: synonym of ''Succinella'' Mabille, 1871 * ''Hydrotropa'' Lindholm, 1927: synonym of Oxyloma Westerlund, 18854* Lucena Hartmann, 1821: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Neohyalimax'' Simroth, 1896: synonym of ''Omalonyx'' d'Orbigny, 1838 * ''Succinastrum'' J. Mabille, 1871: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Succinoides'' Schileyko, 1967: synonym of ''Oxyloma (Succinoides)'' Schileyko, 1967 represented as '' Oxyloma'' Westerlund, 1885 * ''Tapada'' S. Studer, 1820: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Truella'' Pease, 1871: synonym of ''Succinea'' Draparnaud, 1801

Conservation status

The

World Conservation Union The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

(IUCN) considers five species or subspecies of ambersnail as threatened with extinction, and a further three species are categorized as "data deficient" which were previously considered Vulnerable or Extinct, and two species are listed as

Near Threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify f ...

.2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ww.iucnredlist.org/ref>

Threatened species

*'' Oxyloma kanabense'' - Kanab Ambersnail, Critically Endangered *'' Succinea piratarum'' -

Endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and in ...

*''

Succinea quadrasi ''Succinea quadrasi'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails. Distribution This species is endemic to Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporat ...

'' - Endangered *'' Boninosuccinea ogasawarae'' - Vulnerable *'' Boninosuccinea punctulispira'' - Vulnerable

Assigned other IUCN categories

*'' Catinella arenaria'' - Sandbowl Snail,

*'' Succinea sanctaehelenae'' - Near Threatened *'' Succinea guamensis'' - Data Deficient, previously considered Extinct *'' Succinea chittenangoensis'' - Chittenago Ovate Ambersnail - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable *'' Succinea philippinica'' - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable

References

External links

Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397.
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