medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...
(9th - 14th century)
Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state wi ...
n city, the capital of Suar Principality in 948–975.
It was situated at
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
's left tributary Ütäk river's upper stream. In the 10th century it coined its own money. Suar was a political, economical and trade center of
Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state wi ...
. After the
Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history. Before the Mongol conquest, Russians of Novgoro ...
in 1236 the city lost its importance. It is believed that ruins (fortifications, foundations, ruins of palace) are situated in the present day village of Kuzneçixa,
Spassky District
Spassky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia. The name is generally derived from or related to the root "''spas''" ("savior")—usually alluding to the concept of the Christian faith.
* Spassky District ...
,
Tatarstan
The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan (russian: Татарстан, tt ...
.
Dmitriev V.D. believed that the Bulgarian city of Suvar was located on the right bank of the Volga on the
Sviyaga River
The Sviyaga (; tt-Cyrl, Зөя, ''Zöya''; , ''Sĕve'') is a river in the Ulyanovsk Oblast and Tatarstan, a right tributary of the Volga.
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
and
Sviyaga
The Sviyaga (; tt-Cyrl, Зөя, ''Zöya''; , ''Sĕve'') is a river in the Ulyanovsk Oblast and Tatarstan, a right tributary of the Volga.Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
and
Sviyaga
The Sviyaga (; tt-Cyrl, Зөя, ''Zöya''; , ''Sĕve'') is a river in the Ulyanovsk Oblast and Tatarstan, a right tributary of the Volga.Chuvash, but some kind of Suvars. So they were called because they lived in the between the rivers..."
Dimitriev V. D. Chuvash Historical legends: Essays on the history of the
Chuvash people
The Chuvash people ( , ; cv, чӑваш ; russian: чуваши ) are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of Oghurs, native to an area stretching from the Volga-Ural region to Siberia. Most of them live in Chuvashia and the surrounding areas, a ...
from ancient times to the middle of the XIX century / The second, expanded edition. —
Cheboksary
Cheboksary (; russian: Чебокса́ры, r=Cheboksáry, p=tɕɪbɐˈksarɨ; cv, Шупашкар, ''Şupaşkar'') is the capital city of Chuvashia, Russia and a port on the Volga River.
Geography
The city is located in the Volga Upland reg ...
: Chuvash. Book of Publishing, 1993. — page 42.V. D. Dmitriev believed that the city of Suvar was called that way because it was located between the two rivers Sviyaga and Volga, and the word Suvar itself means Between the rivers, from the turkic ''Su'' or chuvash dialect ''Shu - Water'', ''River'' and ''Var - in the middle'', in the center, literally "''Shuw varrinche''" - "''In between the river''".
The city of Suwar on the map of Muhammad Al Idrisi is marked on the right bank of the
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
as "Sauan".
According to Vasily Dimitrievich, this city was located not far from Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) in the village of Old Aleikino, marked "on the archaeological map of the Simbirsk Province" as "Moshkovo Settlement", and nearby was the satellite city "Sendyukov settlement" (''from the Chuvash "Şĕn Çuk"''), as well as nearby was the town of Oshel, a medieval city of
Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state wi ...
, its archaeological remains are located at the Bogdashkinsky settlement, now
Tetyushsky district
Tetyushsky District (russian: Тетю́шский райо́н; tt-Cyrl, Тәтеш районы, ''Täteş rayonı'') is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The d ...
, Republic of Tatarstan.
Near the village of Starago Alekina, the remains of a very ancient town, known in the Kazan scribal books of the village of Volynsk in 1648 under the name of "Moshkov settlement", have been preserved. In 1675, this settlement, together with the adjacent empty land, was given to Grigory and Markel Vasilyevich Galkin, who founded the village of Rozhdestvenskoye (Alekino, Moshkovo-the settlement of the same) here. Past the village of Old Aleikino passed from the villages of Gorodishche and Rastoki Tetyushskaya zaseka in the direction of Kuralovo settlement, which is near the village of Pilyugina on Dry Biryuch. Then the zaseka went to the settlement near the village of Kezmino, and then headed to the village of Promzino Settlement (Alatyrsky district)
Polivanov, Vladimir Nikolaevich "Archaeological map of Simbirsk province", pp. 8-9
Ahmad Ibn Fadlan
Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān ibn al-ʿAbbās ibn Rāšid ibn Ḥammād, ( ar, أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حماد; ) commonly known as Ahmad ibn Fadlan, was a 10th-century Muslim traveler, famous for his account of his ...
's notes say - The king of Suvar was called Vayrak:
22 Moving bets on the Javshire River.
The king moved from a reservoir called Hallaja to a river called Javashir,
where he stayed for two months.
Then he
gain
Gain or GAIN may refer to:
Science and technology
* Gain (electronics), an electronics and signal processing term
* Antenna gain
* Gain (laser), the amplification involved in laser emission
* Gain (projection screens)
* Information gain in de ...
wanted to move and sent
slannikto a tribe called ''Suvar'',
inviting them to perform with him. They refused
ubmitand split into two groups.
One of hese groupswas headed by his son-in-law,
whose name was Vayrak, he was their ruler.
The king f Bulgariasent them messagesaying:
– Indeed, Allah the Great and Mighty
has sent down to me the grace of Islam and
the supremacy of the ruler of believers. I am his slave. These
people recognized my authority, and if someone
contradicts me, I will meet him with a sword!
Another group was headed by the king
of the tribe, who was called the king of the
ribe
Ribe () is a town in south-west Jutland, Denmark, with a population of 8,257 (2022). It is the seat of the Diocese of Ribe covering southwestern Jutland. Until 1 January 2007, Ribe was the seat of both a surrounding Ribe Municipality, municipali ...
Suar is also spelled as ''Sugar'', but ''Suvar'' refers also to
Dagestan
Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North C ...
i city, which was founded by
Sabirs
The Sabirs (Savirs, Suars, Sawar, Sawirk among others; el, Σάβιροι) were nomadic people who lived in the north of the Caucasus beginning in the late-5th -7th century, on the eastern shores of the Black Sea, in the Kuban area, and possibly ...
Bilasuvar Rayon
Bilasuvar District ( az, Biləsuvar rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-east of the country and belongs to the Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Imishli, Saatly, Sab ...