Stéphane De Gérando
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Stéphane de Gérando (born June 23, 1965) is a French
composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and Defi ...
, conductor,
multimedia artist Multimedia is a form of communication that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, or video into a single interactive presentation, in contrast to traditio ...
, and researcher.


Biography

Stéphane de Gérando was born in L'Haÿ-les-Roses in France into a family with historical ties to France and Hungary. He studied classical music from the age of 7 in France (conservatories of Saint-Brieuc, Rennes, Paris). At the
Conservatoire national supérieur de musique de paris The Conservatoire de Paris (), also known as the Paris Conservatory, is a college of music and dance founded in 1795. Officially known as the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris (CNSMDP), it is situated in the avenue ...
, he was the pupil of
Alain Bancquart Alain Bancquart (20 June 1934 – 27 January 2022) was a French composer. Biography Bancquart had his musical formation at the Conservatoire de Paris (violin, viola, chamber music, counterpoint, fugue and composition) with Darius Milhaud. He wa ...
in composition,
Michel Philippot Michel Paul Philippot (2 February 1925 – 28 July 1996) was a French composer, mathematician, acoustician, musicologist, aesthetician, broadcaster, and educator. Life Philippot was born in Verzy. His studies of mathematics were interrupted by Wo ...
in analysis,
Gérard Grisey Gérard Henri Grisey (; ; 17 June 1946 – 11 November 1998) was a twentieth-century French composer of contemporary classical music. His work is often associated with the Spectralist Movement in music, of which he was a major pioneer. Biograp ...
in orchestration, Guy Reibel and Laurent Cuniot in electroacoustics, Tristan Murail in computer music and
Philippe Manoury Philippe Manoury (born 19 June 1952) is a French composer. Biography Manoury was born in Tulle and began composition studies at the Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris with Gérard Condé and Max Deutsch. He continued his studies from 1974 to 197 ...
( IRCAM). In the third cycle, he follows the master classes of
Pierre Boulez Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez (; 26 March 1925 – 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor and writer, and the founder of several musical institutions. He was one of the dominant figures of post-war Western classical music. Born in Mont ...
,
Karlheinz Stockhausen Karlheinz Stockhausen (; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. He is known for his groun ...
, Franco Donatoni,
Emmanuel Nunes Emmanuel Nunes (31 August 1941 – 2 September 2012) was a Portuguese composer who lived and worked in Paris from 1964. Biography Nunes was born in Lisbon, where he studied composition, first from 1959 to 1963 at the Academia de Amadores de Mús ...
,
Henri Dutilleux Henri Paul Julien Dutilleux (; 22 January 1916 – 22 May 2013) was a French composer active mainly in the second half of the 20th century. His small body of published work, which garnered international acclaim, followed in the tradition of ...
. In the field of research, his research dissertations are directed by
Hugues Dufourt Hugues Dufourt () is a French composer and philosopher associated with the spectral school of composition. Born in Lyon on September 28, 1943, Dufourt studied piano and composition at the Geneva Conservatory. Dufourt became co-director of the E ...
(
DEA The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA; ) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Justice tasked with combating drug trafficking and distribution within the U.S. It is the lead agency for domestic enf ...
), Ivanka Stoïanova and Horacio Vaggione (PhD, Contingence et déterminisme procedural appliqués à la synthèse sonore informatique et l'écriture musicale (ISBN 2-284-00761-9), Pierre Abert Castanet (in French "Habitation à diriger les recherches", La création musicale en question, 2 volumes, 800 pages, published under the name of L'oeuvre musicale contemporaine à l'épreuve du concept, ISBN 978-2-296-56283-7). Gérando was pedagogical director of a higher education centre (CEFEDEM Aquitaine became PESMD Bordeaux Nouvelle-Aquitaine) which prepares future territorial officials for the Diplôme d'Etat in France (2000–2005), president of the International Institute for Innovation, Artistic Creation and Research since 2006. He was also director of the training centre for intervening musicians (CFMI 2009–2011), arts department of the UFR of the
University of Strasbourg The University of Strasbourg (french: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, Alsace, France, with over 52,000 students and 3,300 researchers. The French university traces its history to the ea ...
. Since 1998, he has taught composition, real-time images and algorithmic sound creation (Paris).


Music

His catalogue includes more than 90 works, from the instrument alone to the orchestra with or without electronics such as ''Puisque il est ainsi'' for symphony orchestra and magnetic tape, first performed by the Paris Conservatory Orchestra under the direction of Mark Foster at the
Maison de la radio Maison de la Radio et de la Musique, nicknamed “maison ronde” (“the round house”) is the headquarters of Radio France. It is located in the 16th arrondissement of Paris near the Eiffel Tower. Built in the shape of huge ring 500 meters in c ...
in Paris (1990); ''En toi avec lui et en lui'', for four orchestral groups around the audience, creation at Radio-France's Studio 104 festival Présences 92, ''Du sens au sens'' pour flûte, created by Pierre-Yves Artaud at the Darmstadt International Festival (1994); ''Ce que tout cadavre devrait savoir'' for five instrumentalists, narrotor and voice, premiered by the
Ensemble 2e2m The Ensemble 2e2m is a French musical ensemble specializing in the interpretation of works of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. History The Ensemble 2e2m was founded by Paul Méfano in 1972. 2e2m means ''études et expressions des modes ...
at the Centre Pompidou in Paris (1996); ''Intumescence'' for instrumental ensemble and band, premiered by the Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France at the Presences festival (1996); ''Katanga'' commissioned by Radio-France pour les cuivres et percussions de l'Orchestre Philharmonique (2004) work recorded under the direction of the composer, ''6ex1pen7sion4'', commission d'État pour ensemble et électronique en temps réel, first performed by l'Ensemble 2e2m in Paris (2006), or another more recent example, Lycromorphie, a violin, cello and piano trio created at Radio-France in Paris. Gerando won the Stipendienpreis of Ferienkurse für Internationale Neue Musik Darmstadt 1994 (Germany), the Prize of the Association of Alumni and Students of the Conservatoires Nationaux Supérieurs de Musique et d'Art Dramatique de Paris (1991), the SACEM Academic Prize (1995), and was a laureate of the Sasakawa Foundation in 1993 and 1994.


Polyartistic and technological creations

Since 2007, Gerando has mainly devoted himself to the ''Labyrinth of Time'', a multi-support work at the same time polyartistic and technological, museum installations, digital art, video mapping, interactive visual and sound installations, sculptures with 3D projection, instrumental and vocal creations with real-time electronics, poetry-dance-theatre writing. Among the last pieces belonging to the ''Labyrinth of Time'' are: ''The circle of the sphere'' for actor and video (2012); ''The strange passage of the senses'' for theatre, contemporary dance, percussions, video, virtual paintings, cello, horn, real-time electronics and electroacoustics (2015); ''Completion'' for instrumental ensemble with variable number, with body, text and musical score, real-time electronics, video and computer (2019); ''Vertical Memory'' electroacoustic cycle with the voices of Viriginia Guidi, Nicholas Isherwood and Emmanuel Meyer (2022). With the support of France, one of the last monumental international screenings of the ''Labyrinth'' is on the Azadi Tower of Tehran, on July 19, 2018 .


Research

Books, articles, dictionary, collaborations with scientists such as , Athanase Papadopoulos, Christophe Mourougane (mathematicians), Jérôme Pétri (astrophysicist), Louis Bigo (computer scientist), Gille Baroin (engineering doctor), Gérando's research deals with theoretical and technological issues (world premieres – modulo 24 homometric sets, series all intervals in an octave and zigzag, series all intervals nested in a micro-intervallic series, model of spectral representation in four dimensions etc.) and on the other hand, historical, aesthetic, educational and institutional issues related to the notion of creation. Gérando speaks publicly on other topics, such as ethical issues as on the occasion of Alain Bancquart's eightieth birthday at the Centre de la musique contemporaine (CDMC) in Paris on November 6, 2014, speech published on the front page of the newspaper Médiapart on November 8, 2014, or other example in 2016, in the context of relations between France and Morocco on «the art of entrepreneurship» at the Institut Français d'Agadir.


Catalog of works (extracts)


CD and DVD

*''Verticale Mémoire'' (14 titles), cycle électroacoustique du Labyrinthe du temps, avec Virginia Guidi, Nicholas Isherwood, Emmanuel Meyer, ACEL, Centre National de la Musique, Maison de la Musique Contemporaine, Institut International pour l’Innovation, la Création Artistique et la Recherche, 2022 (La mique, Horizon chaotique, Day of dead, Fluid eternit,y Issons des traces, Homometric attractor 2, Hyalite brun, Pistill recomposé, Trace en Ison, My name is, Fragments labyrinthiques, Théâtre du labyrinthe, Macrobiotique point zéro, Algorithmique Grand Cycle) *''Electroacoustic 1'' (7 titles), UPC EAN 198003576506, 2022 (Stellar Wave, Homometric Attractor 1, Boréal cendré, Le chant du labyrinthe, Le porte dell'inferno, Intumespeed, Atomic Space) *''Meta-instrument 1'' (13 titles), UPC EAN 198003568464, 2022 (Sollar Wave, Le chant des Stismi, Bruissement cosmique, Cathédrale des temps, Introït, Planète flottante, Intumescence, Ison, Pusle, Spiralis, Tempus Est, Titan) *''Dialogues Imaginaires'' (7 titles) Tschan – Inactuelles, (Katanga, 15 cuivres et deux percussions, ensemble de l
orchestre philharmonique de Radio-France
direction Stéphane de Gérando, 6ex1pen7sion4 IV, clarinette basse et électronique temps réel, Aurélien Cescousse clarinette, 6ex1pen7sion4 II, flûte piccolo et électronique temps réel, Gilles Burgos flûte, Intumescence, 15 instruments et bande, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio-France, direction Tsung Yeh, Virtualité et conscience du vide, Trio à cordes, Sona Kochafian, Pascal Robault, Pierre Strauss, Binaurale, étude électronique, 6ex1pen7sion4 III, flûte clarinette et ordinateur, Aurélien Cescousse clarinette, Gilles Burgos flûte, icarStudio, Du sens au sens, pour flûte, Pierre-Yves Artaud flûte) *''L’opéra de glace'', DVD, Bordeaux Aquitaine, direction Stéphane de Gérando, 3icar icarEdition *''En toi avec lui et en lui'', Journées de la composition, Conservatoire National Supérieur de Paris, 1995


Books

*''L’œuvre contemporaine à l’épreuve du concept'', préface de Paul Méfano, postface de Jean-Yves Bosseur, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2012, 227 p. *''Imaginary dialogues. Experiencing contemporary creation and research'', Paris, Inactuelles, 2010, 300 p. – version anglaise Julien Elis. CD with Radio-France, MFA, 3icar – icarEnsemble, Inactuelles, 2010. *''Dialogues imaginaires. Une expérience de la création contemporaine et de la recherche'', Paris, Inactuelles, 2010, 300 p. Ouvrage accompagné d’un disque monographique, en collaboration avec Radio-France, MFA, 3icar – icarEnsemble, Inactuelles, 2010. *''Trajectoire oblique, 3icar icarEditions'', 2006, 150 p. *''Contingence et déterminisme procédural appliqués à la synthèse sonore informatique et l'écriture musicale'', Villeneuve d’Ascq, Septentrion – Presses Universitaires, 1998, 470 p.


Articles

* Gilles Baroin, Stéphane de Gérando, ''When Virtual Reality Helps Fathom Mathemusical Hyperdimensional Models'', International Conference on Mathematics and Computation in Music MCM 2022: Mathematics and Computation in Music, Springer 2022, pp 86–98 * ''De la création artistique aux espace entrepreneuriaux : plébiscite pour un nouveau monde'', publication d'une allocution de Stéphane de Gérando à l'Institut Français d'Agadir au Maroc, Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2016, 13 p. * ''Invention algorithmique du matériau : séries tous intervalles dans une octave et en zizag (STIOZ), séries tous intervalles imbriqués dans une série micro-intervallique (STISMI)'', avec Louis Bigo, Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2016 * ''Espace fibré et composition sonore et visuelle. De l’élément simple aux dimensions cachées et enchevêtrées'', avec Christophe Mourougane (mathématicien, chercheur à l’institut de recherche mathématique de Rennes), Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2015, 13 p. * ''Cinq lois artistiques relativistes. Du concept d'espace-temps en astrophysique à l'invention sonore et visuelle'', avec Jérôme Pétri (Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg), Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2015, 17 p. * ''Géométrie Euclidienne et création artistique sonore et visuelle'', avec Athanase Papadopoulos (CNRS), Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2015, 11 p. * ''Nouvelles pratiques polyartistique et technologiques. Règles d’interprétation du théâtre et de la danse du Labyrinthe du temps'', Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2015, 21 p. * ''Géométrie Euclidienne et création artistique sonore et visuelle'', avec Athanase Papadopoulos (CNRS), Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2015, 11 p. * ''Ensembles homométriques et création sonore et visuelle contemporaine'', avec Franck Jedrzejewski (CEA), Paris, 3icar /icarEdtions, 2014, 12 p. * ''Alain Bancquart ou l'œuvre comme expression éthique et politique'', Paris, 2014. Allocution publiée par Médiapart le 8 novembre 2014 et prononcée par Stéphane le 6 novembre 2014 à l’occasion du quatre-vingtième anniversaire d’Alain Bancquart à l’invitation du Centre de documentation de la musique contemporaine à Paris. * ''Douze enjeux pour la création artistique au XXIe siècle. Ce que les sciences pourraient apporter à l'imaginaire'', Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2014, 5 p. * ''Composer ?'' Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2014, 8 p. * ''Introduction au Labyrinthe du temps'', Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2013, 18 p. * ''L’acte de créer ou retarder la mort. D’après un entretien avec Alain Bancquart'', Education musicale n°576, Vernon, L’Education Musicale, 2012, 7 p. * Stéphane de Gérando/ Gilles Baroin, ''Sons et représentation visuelle en hyperespace : l’hypersphère des spectres'', Les Cahiers de l’Institut International pour l’Innovation, la Création Artistique et la Recherche, Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2012, 15 p. *''Presence and absence of creation'', The 3icar journal, Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2012, 18 p. * Stéphane de Gérando – IDEAT CNRS / Athanase Papadopoulos – IRMA CNRS UDS, ''Introduction à l’art topologique. Concepts mathématiques et création musicale ou poly-art'', Les Cahiers de l’Institut International pour l’Innovation, la Création Artistique et la Recherche, Paris, 3icar /icarEditions, 2011, 13 p. * ''CA – Creative Algorithm – œuvre virtuelle interactive temps réel'', Bordeaux, 3icar IcarÉditions, 2007 – 2e édition 2010, 10 p. * ''Non répétition et œuvre musicale contemporaine. À partir de l’œuvre pour piano d’
Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (, ; ; 13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian-American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter. He is widely considered one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was as ...
'',Vernon, Education musicale n°507/508, 2006, 10 p. * ''La notion d’apogée dans Lemme-Icône-Epigramme de
Brian Ferneyhough Brian John Peter Ferneyhough (; born 16 January 1943) is an English composer. Ferneyhough is typically considered the central figure of the New Complexity movement. Ferneyhough has taught composition at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg and ...
'', L’apogée – Cahiers du Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherches sur l’Imaginaire appliquées à la Littérature (L.A.P.R.I.L.), Bordeaux, Eidôlon, 2005, 18 p. * ''Création musicale, recherche, nouvelles technologies numériques et institution'', Les cahiers d’ARTES, Bordeaux, CAPCB, 2005, 8 p. * ''La notion de frontière dans l'œuvre musicale après 1945 : réalité ou utopie? – Exemples d' ''Ikhoor'' de Iannis Xenakis, d' ''Anahit'' de
Giacinto Scelsi Giacinto Francesco Maria Scelsi (; 8 January 1905 – 9 August 1988, sometimes cited as 8 August 1988) was an Italian composer who also wrote surrealist poetry in French. He is best known for having composed music based around only one pitch, ...
et de ''4'33’’'' de
John Cage John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading fi ...
'', Frontières et seuils – Cahiers du Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherches sur l’Imaginaire appliquées à la Littérature (L.A.P.R.I.L.), Bordeaux, Eidôlon, 2004, 15 p. * ''À propos de l’œuvre pour bande seule et de l’écriture musicale de Jean-Claude Risset'' (1), Education musicale n°507/508, Vernon, L’Education Musicale, 2003, 4 p. * ''À propos de l’œuvre pour bande seule et de l’écriture musicale de Jean-Claude Risset'' (2), Education musicale n°509/510, Vernon, L’Education Musicale, 2004, 4 p. * ''Virtualité du son et écriture musicale : pour une création algorithmique du timbre'', Analyse Musicale n°48, Paris, ADAM, 2003, 15 p. * ''Modèles de synthèse sonore informatique – Présentation des techniques de synthèse numérique et introduction à une esthétique du timbre synthétique'', Analyse Musicale n°47, Paris, ADAM, 2003, 13 p. * ''Présence du répertoire populaire dans la musique occidentale savante – Points de repère concernant la période contemporaine'', Education musicale n°499, Education musicale, Vernon, L’Éducation Musicale, 2003, 6 p. * ''Quatre variations sur une mort annoncée – Penser l'existence de l'opéra contemporain après 1978'', Analyse musicale n°46, Paris, ADAM, 2003, 10 p. *''Se séparer pour découvrir un imaginaire – L’expérience d’une écriture musicale'', Imaginaire et inconscient n°8, revue d’études psychothérapeutiques, Bègles, L’Esprit du Temps – Presses Universitaires de France, 2002, 6 p. *''Dictionnaire de la Musique et de la Danse'', Paris, Larousse – Bordas, 1999, 10 p.


Conferences (extracts)

* Conference ''Le Labyrinthe du temps ou la force du questionnement'', Saturday 4 June 2022, Paris, "Contemporary Spring Festival" * International conferences, The labyrinth of time in Tehran, University of Tehran, technological workshops, Iran Music Museum in Tehran, invitation from the Embassy of France in Iran, from 15 to 17 July 2018. * Ariane 1 International Colloquium, Education, Creation and Digital, on 7, 8, 9 October 2015, day of 8 October 2015 on the theme "New technologies and contemporary music: what changes for what new artistic practices?". Automatic score tracking and cycle 6 of the Labyrinth of Time, international symposium on digital Ariane 1, conference with José Echeveste – Collège de France/IRCAM, October 8, 2015. * Alain Bancquart Colloquium, Conference on November 6, 2014, at the CDMC in Paris, ''L'enseignement d'Alain Bancquart ou l'œuvre comme expression éthique et politique'' (an allocation published on the front page of Médiapart). * IRCAM Conference The Hypersphere of Spectra, with the engineer Gilles Baroin (University of Toulouse), MaMuX seminar (mathematics and music) of IRCAM, May 4, 2012, * Symposium on Mathematics and Music, Music and Topology of Space, Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée, Université de Strasbourg CNRS, 2 October 2010. * ''The notion of apogee in Brian Ferneyhough’s Lemme-Icône-Epigramme'', Colloque international: l'Apogée, LAboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherches sur l'Imaginaire Littéraire- Université Bordeaux III, 4 5 and 6 March 2004. * ''The notion of frontier in musical work after 1945: reality or utopia?'' Ikhoor de Iannis Xenakis, d'Anahit de Giacinto Scelsi et de 4’33” by John Cage, International Colloquium on Borders and Thresholds organized by the Multidisciplinary Research Institute on Literary Imagination- University Bordeaux III, 27 (28 and 29) March 2003. * ''Musical creation, research, new digital technologies and institution'', ARTES Symposium University Bordeaux III on The 1970s, Musée d'Art Contemporain de Bordeaux (CAPC), January 2003. * ''Musical creation, coherence and new technologies'', Colloquium of the International College of Philosophy, New technologies, International College of Philosophy, Paris 5th, May 11, 1998. * ''Synthèse sonore informatique et écriture musicale'', IRCAM – Conference realized in collaboration with Laurent Pottier, Espace de Projection de l'RCAM, January 1993 – IRCAM recordingAtelier pedagogie
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References


External links

* *
Scott Pfitzinger, "Composer Genealogies: A Compendium of Composers, Their Teachers, and Their Students", Rowman & Littlefield 2017, de Gérando page 29

Arash Khalili, ''Le Labyrinthe du temps et la Tour Azadi, œuvre de Stéphane de Gérando'', article dans La revue de Téhéran N° 154, septembre 2018

Archive Hal CNRS, biography and publications de Gérando

Centre de documentation de la musique contemporaine (CDMC), portrait, biography, resources de GérandoNational Library of France (BNF), books

Harmattan editions website (books, articles), biography and publications de Gérando

3icar IcarEditions, Works (1), books and articles (2), biography (3), publications de GérandoBruno Giner, ''Musique contemporaine. Aide mémoire – exemples et définition'', editing Durand (2015), de Gérando p. 98

Maison de la musique contemporaine, listening to works by Stéphane de Gérando
* About the composer and researcher Stéphane de Gérando, , FRE 3307 CNRS /université Paris I – preface by Paul Méfano, composer, creator of the 2E2M ensemble, afterword by Jean-Yves Bosseur, composer, research director at the CNRS (''L'œuvre musicale contemporaine à l'épreuve du concept''). * Biography, catalog of works and publications de Gérando, ''Dialogues imaginaires. Une expérience de la création contemporaine et de la recherche'', editor Tschann Librairie – collection Inactuelles, pp. 109–124
Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, article de Gérando, ''La notion d’apogée dans Lemme-Icône-Épigramme de Brian Ferneyhough'', p.. 433–450


biographical note and history of the labyrinth, chronological catalog of Gérando's works (23 pages) * [https://medias.ircam.fr/x8cc7e0_sons-et-couleurs-en-hyperespace-lhypers IRCAM, séminaire Mamux 4 mai 2012, conférence Gilles Baroin Stéphane de Gérando, ''Sons et Couleurs en Hyperespace : L’Hypersphère des Spectres'']
Ariane 1 international conference, October 8, 2016, Stéphane de Gérando and José-Manuel Echeveste (IRCAM, Paris), ''Antescofo ou l'apport d'un suivi temps réel, de la création à la pédagogie''

La bibliothèque in situ n°31, interview de Stéphane de Gérando par Fabien Vélasquez pour la création de l'Installation ''- Fragmentation, cycle 8 du labyrinthe du temps'', 8 avril au 10 juin 2017 lors de l'exposition « Le chant des terres » – commissaire d’exposition Sylvie Perrin, centre d’art multimédia Gantner à Bourogne
* "Se laisser guider par le hasard", press article by Jordan Muzycza, L'est Républicain du mercredi 18 avril 2018 p. 23 et communiqué de presse : , création du cycle 11 du Labyrinthe du temps, installation sonore visuelle temps réel et interactive

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gerando, Stephane De 1965 births Living people French classical composers French male classical composers 20th-century classical composers 21st-century classical composers French male conductors (music) Pupils of Gérard Grisey 21st-century French composers 20th-century French musicologists 21st-century French musicologists School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences alumni Conservatoire de Paris alumni 20th-century French composers 20th-century French conductors (music) 21st-century French conductors (music) 20th-century French male musicians 21st-century French male musicians