Strix Leptogrammica on:
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The brown wood owl (''Strix leptogrammica'') is found in 
Their call is a ''(hoo) hoo hoo HOO'', or a deep ''goke-goke-ga-LOOO'', or a loud scream. Their
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
, Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, and south China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. The brown wood owl is a resident breeder in south Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
. This species is a part of the family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of owls known as typical owl
The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species in 24 genera. The typical owl ...
s (Strigidae), which contains most species of owl. It belongs to the earless owl genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
''Strix''.
The brown wood owl is medium large (45–57 cm), with upperparts uniformly dark brown, with faint white spotting on the shoulders. The underparts are buff with brown streaking. The facial disc is brown or rufous, edged with white and without concentric barring, and the eyes are dark brown. There is a white neckband. The sexes are similar in appearance.
Their call is a ''(hoo) hoo hoo HOO'', or a deep ''goke-goke-ga-LOOO'', or a loud scream. Their alarm call
In animal communication, an alarm signal is an antipredator adaptation in the form of signals emitted by social animals in response to danger. Many primates and birds have elaborate alarm calls for warning conspecifics of approaching predators ...
is a bark, ''wow-wow''. Some subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...
are known to produce distinct vocalizations; they are also different in appearance and parapatric, and might be distinct species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
: The northern ''Strix (leptogrammica) newarensis'' group (Himalayan wood-owl; present subspecies ''newarensis'', ''ticehursti'', ''laotiana'' and ''caligata'') which occur from the Himalaya
The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 ...
n foothills of Kashmir
Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompas ...
east to Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
have a soft low ''to-hooh'' not unlike a rock dove cooing. ''S. (l.) bartelsi'' (Bartels's wood-owl), Javan wood-owl from Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
, the southeasternmost taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
, has a loud, forceful, single ''HOOH!'' with long pauses between calls.
This species is highly nocturnal and is commonly found in dense forests. It can often be located by the small birds that mob it while it is roosting in a tree. The diet of the brown wood owl consists mainly of small mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Subspecies
There are 14 subspecies. * ''S. leptogrammica bartelsi'' - Bartel's wood-owl or Javan brown wood owl * ''S. leptogrammica caligata -'' Formosan brown wood owl * ''S. leptogrammica chaseni'' * ''S. leptogrammica indranee'' * ''S. leptogrammica laotiana'' * ''S. leptogrammica leptogrammica'' * ''S. leptogrammica maingayi'' * ''S. leptogrammica myrtha'' * ''S. leptogrammica newarensis -'' Himalayan wood-owl * ''S. leptogrammica niasensis'' * ''S. leptogrammica nyctiphasma'' * ''S. leptogrammica ochrogenys -'' Sri Lankan wood owl * ''S. leptogrammica ticehursti'' * ''S. leptogrammica vaga''References
Bibliography
* Grimmett, Richard; Inskipp, Carol, Inskipp, Tim & Byers, Clive (1999): ''Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives''. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.. * Holt, Denver W., Berkley, Regan; Deppe, Caroline; Enríquez Rocha, Paula L.; Olsen, Penny D.; Petersen, Julie L.; Rangel Salazar, José Luis; Segars, Kelley P. & Wood, Kristin L. (1999): 96. Brown Wood Owl. ''In:'' del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds): '' Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds'': 197–198, plate 12. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.External link
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q616393 brown wood owl Birds of South Asia Birds of Bangladesh Birds of South China Birds of Southeast Asia brown wood owl brown wood owl