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The three String Trios, Op. 9 were composed by
"Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827): String Trios, Op. 9"
(Liner notes to ''Beethoven: String Trios, Op. 9'',
''Beethoven's Chamber Music in Context''
pp. 57–59. Boydell Press. The trios can be seen as a part of the preparation for the upcoming string quartets, which became the leading genre among his chamber music. The musicologist Gerald Abraham has remarked that in terms of their style and aesthetic value the string trios of Op. 9 rank with Beethoven's first string quartets which ousted the trios from the concert halls. Beethoven composed no further trios after the first quartets (Op. 18) were published in 1801.Abraham, Gerald (1982)
''The Age of Beethoven, 1790–1830''
pp. 274–280. Oxford University Press. Each trio is of four movements with sonata form in the first movements, suggesting that Beethoven did not intend them to be light chamber pieces.Daverio, John (2000). "Manner, Tone, and Tendency in Beethoven's Chamber Music for Strings" in G. Stanley (ed.)
''The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven''
pp. 147–149. Cambridge University Press. The most vigorous of the three trios is perhaps the G major, with the fast movements' thematic richness and almost symphonic elaborations especially in the first Allegro. The Adagio in E major resembles in its beauty and melancholic atmosphere other slow movements written by Beethoven at that time. The trio ends with a brilliant and virtuoso ''Presto''. Trio in D major is the most traditional piece in the opus. It lacks the G major's symphonic effects but conveys a finely subtle chamber music with warm and intimate atmosphere. However the slow movement in D minor is perhaps the saddest piece in the opus. The last trio, in C minor, brings the most energy and novelty with highly passionate tone. C minor is one of Beethoven's most important keys. Three of his piano sonatas and the fifth symphony were written in C minor, for instance. This trio invokes those later works' power and peculiar character so typical of Beethoven. Dynamic effects, sharp contrasts in rhythm, harmonic confrontations among other means of music provide momentum and the tone of anxiety. By contrast, the ''Adagio'' brings peace and resignation in C major, with a more lively episode in E flat major in the middle of the movement. Both the Scherzo and the Finale continue the passionate and energetic storm of the first movement.
Performance of String Trio Op. 9, No. 2
by the Musicians from Marlboro from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format String trios by Ludwig van Beethoven 1798 compositions Music with dedications Articles containing video clips
The three String Trios, Op. 9 were composed by Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...
in 1797–98. He published them in Vienna in 1799, with a dedication to his patron Count Johann Georg von Browne Count Johann Georg von Browne (or Johann Georg von Browne-Camus; 20 September 1767 – January 1827) was an officer in the Russian army, and settled in Vienna where he was a patron of Ludwig van Beethoven during the composer's early career.
Life
Vo ...
(1767–1827).Anderson, Keith (2011)"Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827): String Trios, Op. 9"
(Liner notes to ''Beethoven: String Trios, Op. 9'',
Naxos Records
Naxos comprises numerous companies, divisions, imprints, and labels specializing in classical music but also audiobooks and other genres. The premier label is Naxos Records which focuses on classical music. Naxos Musical Group encompasses about 1 ...
8572377 They were first performed by the violinist Ignaz Schuppanzigh with two colleagues from his string quartet. According to the violinist and conductor Angus Watson, these were probably Franz Weiss on viola
The viola ( , also , ) is a string instrument that is bow (music), bowed, plucked, or played with varying techniques. Slightly larger than a violin, it has a lower and deeper sound. Since the 18th century, it has been the middle or alto voice of ...
and either Nikolaus Kraft
Nikolaus Kraft (14 December 1778, Eszterháza, Hungary – 18 May 1853, Cheb, Bohemia) was an Austrian cellist and composer (six cello concertos). He was the son of Antonín Kraft, under whom he first studied. He then trained under Jean-Louis Dup ...
or his father Anton on cello
The cello ( ; plural ''celli'' or ''cellos'') or violoncello ( ; ) is a Bow (music), bowed (sometimes pizzicato, plucked and occasionally col legno, hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually intonation (music), t ...
. Each of the trios consists of four movements:
* String Trio No. 3 in G major, Op. 9 No. 1
**I. Adagio - Allegro con brio
**II. Adagio ma non tanto e cantabile
**III. Scherzo – Allegro
**IV. Presto
* String Trio No. 4 in D major, Op. 9 No. 2
**I. Allegretto
**II. Andante quasi allegretto
**III. Menuetto – Allegro
**IV. Rondo – Allegro
* String Trio No. 5 in C minor, Op. 9 No. 3
**I. Allegro con spirito
**II. Adagio con espressione
**III. Scherzo – Allegro molto e vivace
**IV. Finale – Presto
Music
Although this opus does not contain the most played works by Beethoven it was a significant milestone in his development as a composer. At the time of publication the 28-year-old Beethoven regarded the trios as his best compositions.Watson, Angus (2012)''Beethoven's Chamber Music in Context''
pp. 57–59. Boydell Press. The trios can be seen as a part of the preparation for the upcoming string quartets, which became the leading genre among his chamber music. The musicologist Gerald Abraham has remarked that in terms of their style and aesthetic value the string trios of Op. 9 rank with Beethoven's first string quartets which ousted the trios from the concert halls. Beethoven composed no further trios after the first quartets (Op. 18) were published in 1801.Abraham, Gerald (1982)
''The Age of Beethoven, 1790–1830''
pp. 274–280. Oxford University Press. Each trio is of four movements with sonata form in the first movements, suggesting that Beethoven did not intend them to be light chamber pieces.Daverio, John (2000). "Manner, Tone, and Tendency in Beethoven's Chamber Music for Strings" in G. Stanley (ed.)
''The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven''
pp. 147–149. Cambridge University Press. The most vigorous of the three trios is perhaps the G major, with the fast movements' thematic richness and almost symphonic elaborations especially in the first Allegro. The Adagio in E major resembles in its beauty and melancholic atmosphere other slow movements written by Beethoven at that time. The trio ends with a brilliant and virtuoso ''Presto''. Trio in D major is the most traditional piece in the opus. It lacks the G major's symphonic effects but conveys a finely subtle chamber music with warm and intimate atmosphere. However the slow movement in D minor is perhaps the saddest piece in the opus. The last trio, in C minor, brings the most energy and novelty with highly passionate tone. C minor is one of Beethoven's most important keys. Three of his piano sonatas and the fifth symphony were written in C minor, for instance. This trio invokes those later works' power and peculiar character so typical of Beethoven. Dynamic effects, sharp contrasts in rhythm, harmonic confrontations among other means of music provide momentum and the tone of anxiety. By contrast, the ''Adagio'' brings peace and resignation in C major, with a more lively episode in E flat major in the middle of the movement. Both the Scherzo and the Finale continue the passionate and energetic storm of the first movement.
References
External links
*{{IMSLP, work=3_String_Trios,_Op.9_%28Beethoven,_Ludwig_van%29, cname=3 String Trios, Op. 9Performance of String Trio Op. 9, No. 2
by the Musicians from Marlboro from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format String trios by Ludwig van Beethoven 1798 compositions Music with dedications Articles containing video clips