The streak-capped antwren (''Terenura maculata'') is a species of
bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family
Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Taxonomy and systematics
The streak-capped antwren is
monotypic.
[ It shares genus ''Terenura'' with the ]orange-bellied antwren
The orange-bellied antwren (''Terenura sicki'') or Sick's antwren, is a Critically Endangered species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.
Taxonomy and systematics
...
(''T. sicki'')[; the two are sister species][Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Streak-capped Antwren (''Terenura maculata''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.stcant3.01 retrieved February 17, 2024] and may form a superspecies[Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 26 November 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 27, 2023].
Description
The streak-capped antwren is long; one individual weighed . Adult males' crown, nape, and upper back are streaked black and white. The rest of their upperparts are tawny to chestnut with some yellow mixed in on the rump; they have a hidden white patch between the shoulders. Their wings are black with pale yellow edges on the flight feathers (tawny on the tertials) and white tips on the coverts
A covert feather or tectrix on a bird is one of a set of feathers, called coverts (or ''tectrices''), which, as the name implies, cover other feathers. The coverts help to smooth airflow over the wings and tail. Ear coverts
The ear coverts are sm ...
. Their tail is olive-gray. Their throat and upper breast are white with black streaks, their lower breast yellow with black streaks, and their belly and undertail coverts unstreaked yellow. Adult females are much like males, though paler overall. The white streaks on their head and nape have a pale buff tinge and the streaking on their underparts is less distinct than the male's.
Distribution and habitat
The streak-capped antwren is a bird of the southern Atlantic Forest
The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and th ...
. It is found coastally in Brazil from Bahia to Santa Catarina and inland in Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Paraná. Its range continues into eastern Paraguay between Canindeyú and Caazapá
Caazapá () is a city in Paraguay, founded in 1607, by Friar Luis de Bolaños. It is located in the Caazapá District and is the capital of the Caazapá Department. The name Caazapá comes from the Guarani words "Ka'aguy jehasapa" which means "a ...
departments, and also extreme northeastern Argentina's Misiones Province. It inhabits evergreen forest and secondary woodland
A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest or clearing for agriculture, until a long enough period has passed so that the effects of the disturbance are no longer evident. ...
; it is found in the forest's mid-storey and canopy. In elevation it ranges from sea level to .[
]
Behavior
Movement
The streak-capped antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.[
]
Feeding
The streak-capped antwren's diet is not known in detail but is mostly insects and probably includes spiders. It usually forages in pairs, though also singly or in family groups, and often though not habitually as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds mostly from about above the ground to the canopy though sometimes goes all the way to the ground. It actively and restlessly gleans its prey in dense vegetation, from leaves, vine tangles, and mats of vegetation in bamboo stands. It gleans mostly while perched or with short lunges. It sometimes makes short sallies to hover-glean. It is not known to follow army ant swarms.[
]
Breeding
Only one streak-capped antwren nest is known. It was found in October; it was a small cup or bag hung from a fork at the end of a small branch about above the ground. An adult was seen carrying food into it. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and other details of parental care are not known.[
]
Vocalization
The streak-capped antwren's song is a "high, sharp, ringing rattle, like 'trrrrr' " that lasts about three seconds.[ Its calls include a "sharp 'chip' and slightly longer, lower-pitched downslurred note"; both can delivered singly or in short bursts, and are sometimes both alternated in a longer series.][
]
Status
The IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
originally in 1988 assessed the streak-capped antwren as Near Threatened but since 2004 has rated it as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[ It is considered fairly common across its range and occurs in several protected areas.][
]
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q592403
streak-capped antwren
streak-capped antwren
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot