The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), otherwise known as the Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement (formally, the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks) is a
multilateral treaty
A multilateral treaty is a treaty to which two or more sovereign states are parties. Each party owes the same obligations to all other parties, except to the extent that they have stated reservations. Examples of multilateral treaties include the ...
created by the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
to enhance the cooperative management of fisheries resources that span wide areas, and are of economic and environmental concern to a number of nations. As of December 2016, the treaty had been ratified by 91 parties, which includes 90 states and the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...
.
[
]Straddling stock Fish stock or stock fish may also refer to:
*Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish.
* Fish stock (food), liquid made by boiling fish bones with vegetables, used as a base for fish soups and sauces
* Fish stocking, the practi ...
are fish stocks that migrate through, or occur in, more than one exclusive economic zone. The Agreement was adopted in 1995, and came into force in 2001.[Overview - Convention & Related Agreements](_blank)
/ref>
Highly migratory fish
Fish migration is mass relocation by fish from one area or body of water to another. Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousan ...
is a term which has its origins in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. , 167 c ...
. It refers to fish species which undertake ocean migrations and also have wide geographic distributions, and usually denotes tuna
A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae ( mackerel) family. The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max len ...
and tuna-like species, shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachi ...
, marlin
Marlins are fish from the family Istiophoridae, which includes about 10 species. A marlin has an elongated body, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long, rigid dorsal fin which extends forward to form a crest. Its common name is thought to deri ...
and swordfish. Straddling fish stocks are especially vulnerable to overexploitation because of ineffective management regimes and noncompliance by fishing interests.
See also
* Fisheries management
The goal of fisheries management is to produce sustainable biological, environmental and socioeconomic benefits from renewable aquatic resources. Wild fisheries are classified as renewable when the organisms of interest (e.g., fish, shellfish, ...
* Admiralty law
Notes
{{reflist
References
United Nations Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks
External links
* ttp://legal.un.org/avl/ha/aipuncls/aipuncls.html Procedural history and related documentson the ''United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement'' in th
Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
2001 in the environment
Fisheries treaties
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Treaties entered into force in 2001
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1996 in New York City
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Fish migrations