Sting (wrestler)

Steve Borden (born March 20, 1959), better known by the ring name Sting, is an American professional wrestler and former bodybuilder, currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as the mentor of Darby Allin. He is regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, having cultivated a legacy over a career spanning five decades. Throughout his career, he won a total of fourteen world championships.

Sting is widely known for his time spent as the public face of two major American professional wrestling promotions: the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which was bought by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 2001, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA, now Impact Wrestling). Although the WWF had purchased WCW, Sting did not sign with them at that time. Prior to WCW, he also wrestled for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), the Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF), and Mid South.

Sting's 14-year association with WCW and its predecessor, Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP), began in 1987. He quickly rose to main event status and has been described as the WCW counterpart to the WWF's Hulk Hogan. Dubbed "The Franchise of WCW", he held a total of 14 championships in the promotion – including the WCW World Heavyweight Championship on six occasions, the WCW International World Heavyweight Championship on two occasions, and the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on one occasion – and made more pay-per-view (PPV) appearances for the company than any other wrestler. Against Hogan, Sting headlined the highest-grossing PPV event in WCW history, Starrcade, in December 1997. Upon the acquisition of WCW by the WWF in March 2001, Sting and his long-term rival Ric Flair were chosen to perform in the main event of the final episode of ''Nitro''. Sting would later face Hogan and Flair in their last televised matches, defeating both.

Following the expiration of his contract with WCW's parent company, AOL Time Warner, in March 2002, Borden held talks with the WWF, but ultimately did not join the promotion and instead toured internationally with World Wrestling All-Stars (WWA) – winning the WWA World Heavyweight Championship – before joining the then-upstart TNA in 2003. Over the following 11 years, he won the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on one further occasion and the TNA World Heavyweight Championship four times. As a result, he became the only wrestler to have won the NWA, WCW, and TNA World Titles in a career. He was also the inaugural inductee into the TNA Hall of Fame in 2012.

Previously described by WWE as the greatest wrestler never to have performed for that promotion, Sting finally joined WWE in 2014, making his first appearance at Survivor Series and having his debut match at WrestleMania 31 the following year. His last match in WWE came at Night of Champions in September 2015, which also marked his sole WWE pay-per-view main event for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in the organization, losing to Seth Rollins. Sting headlined the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2016 on April 2, where he announced his retirement. His induction rendered him the second performer to be inducted while still an active WWE wrestler, after Ric Flair. In late 2020, Sting signed with AEW, coming out of retirement and had his first match in over five years at the promotion's Revolution pay-per-view on March 7, 2021, a tag team cinematic Street Fight that he and Darby Allin won. Sting then had his first live wrestling match in over five years at Double or Nothing on May 30, 2021, another tag team match that he and Allin won.

Sting held 26 total championships throughout his career, including 21 between WCW and TNA. Readers of ''Pro Wrestling Illustrated'' named him " Most Popular Wrestler of the Year" on four occasions, a record he shares with John Cena. In 2016, Sting was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame. '' Slam! Sports'' wrote that he holds "a lofty level of prestige that few will ever touch".

Early life

Borden was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Southern California.Wrestling Legend Sting on How it all Began and Turning Down the WWE
Sportsvibe.co.uk. April 21, 2011; retrieved December 19, 2014. He played football and basketball in high school and later embarked on a career in bodybuilding, once co-owning a Gold's Gym health club. Borden had no interest in professional wrestling and no television access to it within his home community, but decided to pursue a career in the industry after being taken to an "incredible" World Wrestling Federation (WWF) event in Los Angeles where he saw Hulk Hogan, The Iron Sheik, The British Bulldogs, André the Giant and others perform.

Professional wrestling career

Continental Wrestling Association (1985–1986)

Borden, originally wrestling under the ring name Flash, teamed with Jim "Justice" Hellwig (who would gain fame as The Ultimate Warrior in the WWF) as two members of Power Team USA in independent All-California Championship Wrestling. Power Team USA was a four-man unit also featuring Garland "Glory" Donahoe and Mark "Commando" Miller, plus manager Rick Bassman. Hellwig and Borden later moved to the Continental Wrestling Association (CWA), a wrestling company based in Memphis, Tennessee, and became known as the Freedom Fighters.PWI Centrefold: The Ultimate Warrior, Pro Wrestling Illustrated October 1988 Fans were slow to respond to the lumbering hulks, so the team turned heelMolinaro, page 196. under "coach" Buddy Wayne and soon afterwards manager Dutch Mantel. The Freedom Fighters left the CWA after an uneventful run, the highlight of which was an angle in which they broke the leg of veteran wrestler Phil Hickerson.

Universal Wrestling Federation (1986–1987)

The duo surfaced in the Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF), an organization run by Bill Watts and based in Alexandria, Louisiana where they were known as the Blade Runners. Borden changed his ring name from Flash to Sting, while Hellwig became known as Rock. They soon joined Hotstuff & Hyatt International, a heel stable headed by "Hot Stuff" Eddie Gilbert and Missy Hyatt. Together with "Russian" wrestler Kortsia Korchenko, the Blade Runners became henchmen in Gilbert's on-screen feud with Watts. Hellwig left the promotion in mid-1986, leaving Sting without a partner. Sting won the UWF World Tag Team Championship twice with Gilbert in 1986 and a third time with Rick Steiner in 1987.

Sting and Steiner lost their tag titles to the Lightning Express after Gilbert accidentally hit Sting with his boot during a title defence, leading to a falling out between the two (with Steiner siding with Gilbert). Shortly afterwards, following a match against Terry Taylor in mid-1987, Gilbert interfered on Taylor's behalf, costing Sting the match. Taylor and Gilbert then ganged up on Sting until Taylor's former tag partner Gentleman Chris Adams came to Sting's aid. Adams cleared the ring and then asked Sting if he was with him or against him in his feud with Taylor and Gilbert. Sting turned face by declaring his allegiance to Adams.

Behind the scenes, Gilbert endorsed Borden by telling a dirt sheet that Sting would be a megastar in the future. Later that year, Sting was tabbed to win the UWF Television Championship, then held by Gilbert, until Jim Crockett of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) bought the company from Watts. Crockett's booker, Dusty Rhodes, decided to put the Television title on Taylor to set up a feud between Taylor and NWA Television Champion Nikita Koloff to unify the two titles. Rhodes used then-unknown Shane Douglas as the transitional champion from Gilbert to Taylor because Rhodes did not want to diminish Sting's growing stardom with a brief title run.

Jim Crockett Promotions / World Championship Wrestling (1987–2001)

Rise to stardom (1987–1989)

Sometime after Sting's arrival to the NWA in July 1987, Dusty Rhodes used the opening bout of Crockett's first foray into pay-per-view, Starrcade '87, to showcase the young superstar. Sting partnered with Michael P.S. Hayes and Jimmy Garvin in a six-man tag team match against Gilbert, Steiner, and Larry Zbyszko that ended in a 15-minute time-limit draw.

Having established himself as a rising star, Sting was one of the few UWF alumni to be pushed in the NWA. At ''Clash of the Champions I'' in March 1988, Sting challenged Ric Flair for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. The match ended in a draw after the 45-minute time limit expired and the ringside judges could not declare a winner. Sting lost to Flair in several non-televised rematches following the Clash and, later that year, battled other members of Flair's stable, the Four Horsemen. Sting teamed with Koloff at The Great American Bash in July 1988 to challenge Horsemen Tully Blanchard and Arn Anderson for the NWA World Tag Team Championship; Blanchard and Anderson retained the titles when the match ended in a 20-minute time-limit draw.

Rhodes continued to book Sting in title matches throughout the year against both NWA United States Champion Barry Windham and NWA Television Champion Mike Rotunda. In the fall of 1988, Sting was attacked by Hawk and Animal of The Road Warriors after a televised match. Rhodes, as booker, identified Sting as the face who was most over with the fans, despite knowing that turning the Road Warriors heel would be no easy task. Rhodes himself teamed with Sting to challenge the Road Warriors for the tag team championship at Starrcade '88 that December. Rhodes and Sting got the win by disqualification, allowing the Road Warriors to retain the titles.

Sting returned to singles matches in 1989, starting the year off by wrestling Flair to a one-hour draw in Atlanta's Omni on New Year's Day. He would also have his first experience in Japan with a brief tour in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), with his most notable match in AJPW against Dan Spivey at Nippon Budokan in June 1989. After a long push, Sting won his first title in the NWA when he defeated Rotundo for the NWA Television Championship at a live event in March. In mid-1989, The Great Muta challenged Sting at The Great American Bash. The match was booked with a classic, controversial Dusty finish even though Rhodes (the namesake of the technique) had been fired months earlier. Sting got the three-count and was announced as the winner, but a replay showed Muta's shoulder was up at the count of two. The NWA decided to declare the title vacant. Sting and Muta battled in many rematches for the vacant Television title, but they always ended in a disqualification, giving neither man the championship. Eventually, Muta won a No Disqualification match against Sting at a live event in September by using a blackjack to get the win and the title.

In the main event of that year's Great American Bash, Flair defended the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against Terry Funk, who was a member of Gary Hart's J-Tex Corporation. After Flair got the victory, he was attacked by Funk's stablemate, Muta. Sting came to the aid of his old rival Flair, and the two feuded with Muta and Funk for the rest of the summer and fall, culminating in a Thunderdome Cage match between the two teams, which Flair and Sting won, at Halloween Havoc '89. The alliance with Flair resulted in Sting joining the newly reformed and now-face Four Horsemen along with the Andersons, Arn and Ole (kayfabe cousins). Sting finished out the year by winning a four-man round-robin Iron Man tournament at Starrcade '89. In the final match of the night, Sting defeated Flair to accumulate the necessary points to win the tournament. The victory made Sting the number one contender for Flair's NWA World title, leading to tension within the Four Horsemen.

Feud with The Four Horsemen (1990–1991)

Sting was summarily dismissed from The Four Horsemen on February 6, 1990, at Clash of the Champions X: Texas Shootout after refusing to relinquish his title shot against Flair, thus restarting their rivalry. Later that evening, Borden experienced a legitimate knee injury while interfering in a steel cage match featuring the Horsemen. Borden's injury forced the bookers of World Championship Wrestling (WCW), the dominant promotion in the NWA, to find a new opponent for Flair for the forthcoming WrestleWar pay-per-view event.

Lex Luger was chosen to challenge Flair at WrestleWar. During the match between Flair and Luger, Sting came down to motivate Luger to come back and beat Flair. Before this Sting and Luger had been at odds. When Luger was close to winning Sting was attacked by Ole Anderson. Luger opted to save the already injured Sting and ended up losing the match by count-out while assisting his friend. Behind the scenes, WCW officials had wanted Flair to drop the title to Luger at WrestleWar, but Flair refused, saying he had promised Borden he would hold the title until Borden could return to the ring. Despite the injury, Sting was still utilized on television and pay per views when necessary.

At the Capital Combat event in May, Sting was accosted by the Four Horsemen and thrown into a metal cage at ringside. In a promotional crossover, Sting was rescued by his buddy RoboCop. After Borden's recovery, Sting finally defeated Flair for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on July 7, 1990, at The Great American Bash. Sting went on to feud with title contenders Flair and Sid Vicious. Vicious appeared to defeat Sting in a title match at the 1990 Halloween Havoc, but the "Sting" that Vicious pinned was revealed to be an impostor played by Horseman Barry Windham. The real Sting appeared soon after and pinned Vicious to retain his title after the match was restarted.

During Sting's title run, a masked man known as The Black Scorpion would taunt and attack Sting on many occasions. This feud culminated in a final showdown between Sting and The Black Scorpion at Starrcade: Collision Course in December. The cage match ended with Sting pinning and unmasking the Scorpion, who turned out to be Flair in disguise.

WCW World Heavyweight Champion (1991–1993)

Sting's first world championship reign ended January 11, 1991, when Flair defeated him in a rematch from Starrcade. In the same month, WCW seceded from the National Wrestling Alliance, in the process of recognizing a WCW World Heavyweight Championship and a WCW World Tag Team Championship. Sting then took part in what many consider to be the best match of 1991, teaming with Luger to face The Steiner Brothers at the SuperBrawl I pay-per-view for the world tag-team titles. The Steiners won by pinfall after Koloff, who had been feuding with Luger, interfered in the match by swinging a chain at Luger but hitting Sting instead. Consequently, Sting feuded with Koloff throughout the summer of 1991. In August 1991, Sting defeated Stone Cold Steve Austin, Steve Austin to win a tournament for the vacated WWE United States Championship, WCW United States Heavyweight Championship. Sting held the title for 86 days before losing it to Rick Rude at Clash of the Champions XVII.

At Starrcade (1991), Starrcade '91, Sting won the first-ever Battle royal (professional wrestling)#Battlebowl, Battlebowl battle royal, for which he received a Battlebowl championship ring. Sting then became embroiled in a feud with the Dangerous Alliance, headed by manager Paul Heyman, Paul E. Dangerously. The stable targeted Sting because he was the so-called "franchise" of WCW, and the Alliance vowed to destroy both Sting and the promotion he was the face of. At the same time, Sting was being targeted by Luger, who had once again turned heel and, as WCW Champion, viewed Sting as a threat. Sting engaged in many matches with Dangerous Alliance members, especially Rude, who was the group's biggest star. It was during this feud that Sting won the first of his six WCW World Heavyweight Championships, defeating Luger on February 29, 1992, at SuperBrawl II. The feud ended when Sting formed Sting's Squadron, consisting of allies Ricky Steamboat, Dustin Rhodes, Windham, and Koloff, and defeated the Alliance (Rude, Austin, Arn Anderson, Zbyszko, and Bobby Eaton) in a WarGames match at Wrestlewar 1992, WrestleWar in May 1992. Dave Meltzer awarded the match his highest rating of five stars.

Near the end of Sting's battles with the Dangerous Alliance, the seeds were sown for what became arguably one of the most famous feuds of Sting's career. Sting defended his WCW World title on April 12, 1992, at Omni Coliseum, The Omni in Atlanta against the 450-pound Big Van Vader. During the match, Vader Professional wrestling aerial techniques#Corner slingshot splash, splashed Sting, cracking three of Sting's ribs and rupturing his spleen. Sting recovered and defended his title on July 12 against Vader at The Great American Bash (1992), The Great American Bash, dropping the belt to Big Van Vader after missing a Stinger Splash, hitting his head on the ring post, and receiving a powerbomb. After beating Mick Foley, Cactus Jack in a Falls Count Anywhere Match at Beach Blast 1992, Beach Blast and WCW newcomer Jake Roberts in a Professional wrestling match types#Object on a Pole match, Coal Miner's Glove match at Halloween Havoc 1992, Halloween Havoc, Sting defeated Vader, who had lost the WCW World Heavyweight Championship in August, in the "King of Cable" tournament final at Starrcade 1992, Starrcade.

The Sting-Vader feud continued into 1993, with Vader, who was again WCW World Heavyweight Champion, defeating Sting in a bloody Strap match at SuperBrawl III. Sting exacted revenge by beating Vader for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship on March 11 in London, England, but lost it back to Vader six days later in Dublin, Ireland. Sting then teamed with WCW newcomer Davey Boy Smith to beat the team of Vader and Vicious at Beach Blast 1993, Beach Blast in a match that was set up by a mini-movie in which an evil midget blew up Sting's boat. At the end of 1993, Sting was one of the first people to congratulate Flair, who had just returned from the World Wrestling Federation, after his WCW World Heavyweight Title victory over Vader at Starrcade (1993), Starrcade.

WCW International World Heavyweight Champion (1994–1995)

Sting feuded with Vader and Rude through the first half of 1994. Sting won the WCW International World Heavyweight Championship from Rude in April. Rude recaptured the title on May 1 at Wrestling Dontaku#1994, Wrestling Dontaku 1994 in Japan, but the decision was reversed because Rude had allegedly hit Sting with the title belt during the match; this was to cover for a real-life back injury Rude sustained in the match that forced Rude into retirement. Sting refused to have the title handed to him and instead defeated Vader for the vacant WCW International World Heavyweight Championship at Slamboree 1994, Slamboree. Soon afterward, Flair defeated Sting in a title unification match at ''Clash of the Champions XXVII'', turning heel in the final moments of the match when Sherri Martel, Sensuous Sherri turned on Sting and took Flair's side. Sting spent the second half of 1994 and most of 1995 teaming with new arrival Hulk Hogan in his battles against Kevin Sullivan (wrestler), Kevin Sullivan's The Three Faces of Fear, Three Faces of Fear and its successor stable, The Dungeon of Doom.

At The Great American Bash (1995), The Great American Bash 1995, Sting defeated Tonga Fifita, Meng to win another tournament for the WCW United States Championship. Sting defeated Meng in a rematch for the title at Bash at the Beach 1995. Sting was on the first-ever ''WCW Monday Nitro, Monday Nitro'' in a match where Flair defeated Sting by disqualification as a result of a Rub (professional wrestling), run-in by Arn Anderson to attack Flair. At Fall Brawl 1995, Fall Brawl, Sting teamed with Hogan, Luger, and Randy Savage to defeat the Dungeon of Doom, consisting of Kamala (wrestler), Kamala, Brutus Beefcake, Zodiac, John Tenta, Shark and Meng, in the event's WarGames match. In October 1995, Flair convinced Sting to team with him in a match against Anderson and Brian Pillman at Halloween Havoc 1995, Halloween Havoc. Anderson and Pillman had attacked Flair earlier in the night, rendering Flair unable to come out for the first part of the match. Sting fended off his opponents until Flair emerged. Later in the match, Flair turned on Sting and reformed the Four Horsemen with Anderson and Pillman, later adding Chris Benoit to fill out the group.

Sting defeated Flair on a subsequent ''Nitro'' with the Sharpshooter (professional wrestling), Scorpion Deathlock, refusing to let go until Luger persuaded him to do so. Sting defeated Flair again at the World War 3 1995, World War 3 pay-per-view. Later in the night, Sting competed in the Battle royal (professional wrestling)#World War 3, World War 3 battle royal for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, which was won by Savage. Sting's alliances with Hogan and Savage led the Horsemen to attack them as well. Sting's second U.S. title reign lasted until November 13, when he was defeated by Kensuke Sasaki in Japan. At Starrcade 1995, Starrcade, Sting defeated Sasaki, representing New Japan Pro-Wrestling, in a non-title match to win the World Cup of Wrestling for WCW. In the next match that night, Sting lost a Triple Threat match, Triangle match involving Flair and Luger; Flair won by count-out to become number one contender for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, which Flair won from Savage in the next match.

Feud with the New World Order (1996–1998)

Early in 1996, Sting's appearance started to change: he grew longer, darker hair, replacing his blond flattop haircut, and he often wore black tights with a multi-colored scorpion, although he occasionally wore his colorful ones and maintained his colorful Body painting, face paint. Sting Sting and Lex Luger, teamed with his old friend Luger, who had returned to WCW from WWF in September 1995, despite Luger's standing as a heel. The duo beat Harlem Heat for the WCW World Tag Team Championship on the January 22 edition of ''Nitro''. The team often retained the championship as a result of Luger's cheating tactics, to which Sting remained oblivious. When Luger was temporarily unavailable for Uncensored 1996, WCW Uncensored in March, Harlem Heat member Booker T (wrestler), Booker T teamed up with Sting to successfully prevent the title from changing hands. Sting and Booker T developed a mutual respect that showed itself when Sting and Luger granted Harlem Heat a rematch. During the Tag title run, Sting received a World title shot against Big Show, The Giant at Slamboree 1996, Slamboree in May, but lost after accidental interference from Luger. Harlem Heat eventually won the titles back on the June 24 edition of ''Nitro''.

In the summer of 1996, Sting was the first to stand up to The Outsiders (professional wrestling), The Outsiders: Kevin Nash and Scott Hall, who had recently competed in the WWF and whose alliances and agenda were unclear, had been infiltrating and causing chaos at WCW events. Sting teamed with Luger and Savage to defend WCW against Hall, Nash, and a mysterious third Outsider to be revealed at the Bash at the Beach (1996), Bash at the Beach. Hall and Nash started the bout without their third partner, but the WCW's temporary three-on-two advantage was short-lived: Luger left the match after he was accidentally injured by a mistimed Stinger Splash. The two-on-two match continued while Hogan, who had been a face character for nearly fifteen years, emerged at ringside. Hogan appeared ready to back up the WCW wrestlers until he attacked Savage with his leg drop finisher in one of wrestling's most famous List of professional wrestling terms#S, swerves. The match was ruled a no-contest, and Hall, Nash, and Hogan declared a New World Order (professional wrestling), new world order in professional wrestling. The name stuck and Sting became one of WCW's stalwarts against the New World Order, or nWo for short.

As part of this, Sting and Luger went up to rivals and The Four Horsemen (professional wrestling), Four Horsemen members Ric Flair and Arn Anderson some time after Bash at the Beach and asked them to team with him, saying that they needed to put aside their differences for the good of WCW. Flair and Anderson agreed and the four wrestlers composed Team WCW for the annual WarGames match at Fall Brawl 1996, Fall Brawl in September 1996. They would be facing the nWo's team of Hall, Nash, Hogan, and a fourth member yet to be determined. On the ''Nitro'' prior to the event, however, the nWo played a trick on WCW claiming that Sting was joining their side. A vignette was shown where the nWo had a recording of Sting's voice playing in its limousine as Luger was being lured into the parking lot. Once he was there a man dressed as Sting, played by Jeff Farmer (wrestler), Jeff Farmer, attacked him and the crowd at home was led to believe that Sting had joined up with the nWo and would be their fourth man against what was now a three-man WCW team. Sting, however, was not at that edition of ''Nitro'' and showed up at Fall Brawl just as his teammates declared that they would face the nWo by themselves. Sting told Luger that he did not attack him, but Luger refused to believe him. Later, during the match, Sting entered as the fourth and final man for Team WCW, after the impostor Sting had entered for the nWo. Once in the ring, Sting immediately took out all four members of the nWo. He then stopped, turned to Luger, and angrily said to him, "Is that good enough for you right there? Is that proof enough?" Sting then gave Luger an obscene gesture and walked out of the match, leaving Team WCW at a four-on-three disadvantage which they did not overcome. The next night on ''Nitro'', Sting came out unannounced during the middle of the show with no music or entrance pyrotechnics. He entered the ring and, with his back turned to the camera side of the audience, launched into an angry tirade about what had transpired over the last week:

Declaring he would visit "from time to time", Sting threw the microphone down and left the ring. Days after the infamous promo, he was booked for shows in New Japan Pro-Wrestling, to take part in the Japan/U.S. Superstars Tournament, where he defeated Masahiro Chono in the first round, but was eliminated in the second round by Shiro Koshinaka. His last match of 1996 took place on September 23 at the Yokohama Arena, where he and Lex Luger teamed up to defeat Arn Anderson and Steven Regal. It would end up being his last tour of Japan. On the October 21, 1996, edition of ''Nitro'', Sting returned for the first time since the night after Fall Brawl. In a match where the impostor Sting was wrestling Jerry Lynn, Mr. JL, Sting emerged wearing a trench coat and white face paint with black marks around his eyes. He went in the ring and attacked nWo Sting (who was still imitating Sting's old mannerisms at this point) with his new finisher, the DDT (professional wrestling)#Inverted DDT, Scorpion Death Drop inverted DDT, two jumping elbow drops, a Stinger Splash and a Scorpion Deathlock while the rest of the nWo came to ringside. Rather than intervene, they simply stood by and watched. After Sting was done, Ted DiBiase and Kevin Nash came into the ring and made Sting an offer to join the nWo and get back at WCW for betraying him. Sting, after a pause, first called out the nWo Sting as a "cheap imitation," before telling the nWo, "the ''real'' Sting may or may not be in your price range," and then concluded by saying "the only thing that's for sure about Sting is that nothing's for sure". With that, Sting left the ring and would not speak (on Microphone, mic) on WCW programming again for over a year. After this a silent, almost ghostly Sting, carrying a baseball bat as a weapon, began appearing in the rafters at WCW events and began painting his entire face with black and white corpse paint. Sting's new gimmick (professional wrestling), gimmick was inspired by the 1994 film ''The Crow (1994 film), The Crow''. In retaliation, nWo Sting, who was still imitating Borden, began painting his face this way as well. While appearing on a WCW/nWo merchandise special on QVC Sports in late 1999, Borden admitted that Scott Hall had initially suggested the idea of painting his face like the character of Eric Draven from ''The Crow''. Sting maintains aspects of his "Crow" persona to date, occasionally with different designs and use of color of the face paint.

In a series of unusual loyalty tests over the next months, Sting would confront a WCW wrestler in the ring and shove the wrestler several times with his bat until the wrestler was provoked enough to advance on him. Then Sting would draw the weapon back as if he were going to assault him, causing the wrestler to stop. Sting would hand the bat to the offended wrestler and turn his back, offering the wrestler a chance at retaliation. When the wrestler hesitated or declined, Sting would nod, retrieve the bat and leave the ring. In January 1997, a "blackballed" Randy Savage returned to WCW for the first time since Halloween Havoc (1996), Halloween Havoc and aligned himself with Sting as a "free agent" as he refused to join the nWo although WCW Vice President Eric Bischoff, also one of the leaders of the nWo, declared he would not be allowed back in WCW if he didn't. For the next few weeks, the two were seen in the rafters together and coming to the ring together. This story, however, petered out at SuperBrawl VII in February; Sting and Savage had come to the ring together to watch Roddy Piper face Hogan in a match for the WCW world title. As Sting left, Savage went to the ring and helped Hogan win the match, thus going back on his word and joining the nWo. Over the next couple of weeks, Sting would accompany the nWo, indicating that he too joined the group. However, at Uncensored 1997, WCW Uncensored in March 1997, as the nWo celebrated a victory in the main event battle royal which guaranteed them title shots whenever they desired with their newest recruit, Chicago Bulls National Basketball Association, NBA star Dennis Rodman, Sting rappelled from the roof of the arena on a vertical zip-line. When Hall and Nash went to approach him, Sting attacked them and Randy Savage when he tried to intervene, revealing his allegiance to WCW.

In subsequent weeks, Sting frequently rappelled from the rafters or came up through the ring to attack unsuspecting nWo members, came to the aid of wrestlers once subjected to his loyalty test as they battled the nWo, and employed decoy "Stings" to play mind games with the nWo during the closing segments of ''Nitro''. Sting's appearances to fight the nWo at the end of almost every ''Nitro'' helped WCW keep and widen its Nielsen ratings, television ratings advantage over the WWF's WWE Raw, Monday Night Raw throughout the summer. On-screen Professional wrestling authority figures, WCW commissioner J. J. Dillon tried many times to get Sting to return to wrestling by making contracts to fight various nWo members. Sting, however, did not accept any of the contracts, often tearing them up in Dillon's face. A confused Dillon then asked Sting who he wanted on one edition of ''Nitro'', and Sting went out to ringside, picked up a fan's sign, and pointed out one name on it: Hogan. Eventually, Sting got his wish and he and Hogan finally met in December at Starrcade for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. The finish of the match was supposed to echo the Montreal Screwjob finish that the WWF had used to double-cross Bret Hart just one month earlier at their annual Survivor Series (1997), Survivor Series event. Nick Hamilton, Nick Patrick, the referee for the contest, was supposed to execute a fast count on Sting while Hart, whose signing with WCW was the linchpin for the Montreal Screwjob, would come out to protest the decision and, since he had already served as the guest referee for the match between Larry Zbyszko and Eric Bischoff earlier that evening, order the match to be restarted and Sting would emerge victorious by forcing Hogan to submit to the Scorpion Death Lock. However, Patrick did not do his part properly and instead counted the pin at normal speed, which added an unintentional level of controversy to the finish.

The next night on ''Nitro'', Hogan protested the decision claiming that Patrick's decision should have been considered final and a rematch was granted. The match ran over ''Nitro's'' allotted time slot and the finish was aired later in the week on the inaugural episode of ''WCW Thunder, Thunder''. Similar to the Starrcade result, two different referees declared the two different men as the winner. Later that night, Dillon vacated the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, forcing Sting to surrender the belt. Sting responded with his first words (on mic) since October 1996 when he told Dillon, "You've got no guts!" Sting turned to Hogan and said, "And you... You're a dead man!".

The Wolfpac (1998–1999)

As 1998 began, the nWo began to splinter. Sting recaptured the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship in February at SuperBrawl VIII with the help of Savage, who was beginning to split from the nWo. Sting went on to successfully defend the title against the likes of Hall, Nash, and Diamond Dallas Page (DDP). Like Savage, Nash began to pull away from the Hogan-dominated nWo, and Nash helped Savage beat Sting for the championship at Spring Stampede 1998, Spring Stampede in April. Nash and Savage officially split from the original nWo on May 4, forming the face group nWo Wolfpac, while Hogan's heel faction became identified as nWo Hollywood. The two nWo factions vied for Sting's allegiance, with Sting's friends Big Show, The Giant joining nWo Hollywood and Luger joining nWo Wolfpac. Sting seemed to have joined nWo Hollywood when he appeared wearing a black and white nWo shirt, but he soon tore off the shirt to reveal the red and black of the nWo Wolfpac. Sting began wearing red and black face paint and tights as a member of nWo Wolfpac.

Sting and The Giant won the WCW World Tag Team Championship at Slamboree 1998, Slamboree in May when Hall turned on his teammate Nash. Sting and The Giant also split, and the team was forced to vacate the title 18 days later. Sting then defeated The Giant at The Great American Bash (1998), The Great American Bash in June to take control of the Tag Team titles and chose Nash as his partner. Throughout the summer, Sting and fellow nWo Wolfpac members Nash, Luger, and Konnan feuded with Hogan and nWo Hollywood. Sting also got involved in a feud with Bret Hart over their similar finishing holds, the Sharpshooter and the Scorpion Deathlock. Hart cost Sting and Nash the Tag titles by interfering in their match with Hall and The Giant on the July 20 ''Nitro''. Sting and Hart squared off at Halloween Havoc 1998, Halloween Havoc, where Hart, the United States Champion, attacked Sting with a baseball bat, putting Sting out of action for several months. Ironically, Hart would eventually be pinned by Sting after he himself fell afoul of a baseball bat, wielded by Lex Luger, eleven months later.

Sting returned to ''Nitro'' in March 1999, sporting the black and white ''Crow''-inspired attire he debuted in 1996 and began to participate in more mic work. By this time, the nWo storyline had faded, and Sting was not aligned with any of its factions. Sting competed in the main event of April's Spring Stampede 1999, Spring Stampede, a Four Corners match for the World Championship, against Hogan, DDP, and champion Flair. Savage served as special guest referee and delivered a Professional wrestling aerial techniques#Diving elbow drop, diving elbow drop to help DDP win the match and the title.

Final world title reigns (1999–2000)

Sting defeated Page on the April 26 edition of ''Nitro'' to win the WCW World Heavyweight Championship for the fifth time. Later that night, Sting defended the title in a four-way match featuring DDP, Goldberg, and a returning Nash. DDP pinned Nash, allowing DDP to win the title without directly beating Sting. Sting's 90-minute reign was only the second List of WCW World Heavyweight Champions, shortest WCW World Heavyweight Championship reign in WCW history. Sting lost to Rick Steiner in a Falls Count Anywhere match at The Great American Bash (1999), The Great American Bash after he was attacked by Steiner's three pet dogs backstage and Steiner forced the referee to prematurely declare himself the victor, claiming his dogs had pinned Sting for him.

Over the next several months, Sting feuded with Goldberg, Rick Steiner, Vicious, and Savage. Sting teamed with WCW World Heavyweight Champion Nash at the Bash at the Beach 1999, Bash at the Beach in July to take on Vicious and Savage of Team Madness. Savage pinned Nash and won the World title as a result. Hogan returned from injury on July 12 as a face to win the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. Sting defeated Flair on the July 19 edition of ''Nitro'' to become the on-screen president of WCW. Later that night, Nash turned heel by attacking Hogan during a title defense against Vicious. Sting remained president for just one week and used his power to book a main event pitting Hogan and himself against Nash and Vicious. Sting vacated the presidency the following week because he only wanted Flair out of the position rather than wanting the power for himself. Along with Goldberg, Sting and Hogan feuded with Nash, Vicious and Rick Steiner for the next month.

Sting began to question Hogan's trustworthiness and credibility in the weeks leading up to Fall Brawl 1999, Fall Brawl. At the September pay-per-view, Luger brought a baseball bat to the ring and Sting used it to beat Hogan for his sixth and final WCW World Heavyweight Championship, turning heel for the first time in WCW. Sting's heel turn and subsequent attitude change did not resonate with the WCW fans. They still cheered Sting despite the fact he was supposed to be the villain (reminiscent of The Road Warriors' heel turn in late 1988). It was during this heel turn that Sting and Luger, with helpful interference from DDP, defeated supposed faces Hogan and Hart in a tag-match, Sting pinning Hart after Luger hit him with a bat. Then, at Halloween Havoc 1999, Halloween Havoc, Sting retained the WCW World Heavyweight title against Hogan after Hogan entered the ring in street clothes and lay down for Sting to pin him. After the match, Sting sounded his disdain of the result and issued an open challenge for later tonight. Later that night, Sting lost an unsanctioned match to Goldberg, who accepted his open challenge and then attacked referee Charles Robinson (referee), Charles Robinson. Sting was stripped of the title the next night for attacking the official.

Sting entered the 32-man tournament that was set up to award the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship. Sting defeated Brian Knobs, Meng, and Luger to reach the semi-finals to be held at Mayhem (1999), WCW Mayhem. At the November event, Sting lost to Hart, the eventual winner of the tournament, by disqualification after ostensibly "bungled" interference by Luger (in fact payback for Sting's quarterfinal win). This led to a falling out with Luger. However, Hart asked for an immediate rematch, which was granted, and won by submission to advance to the final. After the match, Sting shook hands with Hart in a sign of respect, turning face again. Sting sought revenge against Luger the next month at Starrcade (1999), Starrcade. Sting won by disqualification when Luger and Miss Elizabeth assaulted Sting with a steel chair and baseball bat, putting Sting out of action for some time. Sting ended his feud with Luger by defeating him in a Lumberjack match, Lumberjacks with Casts match at Uncensored (2000), Uncensored the following March.

Last feuds and contract expiration (2000–2002)

WCW officials Vince Russo and Eric Bischoff, in an attempt to save the fading company, Reboot (fiction), rebooted the storylines on April 10, 2000, and declared all titles vacant. At Spring Stampede (2000), Spring Stampede the following week, Sting advanced to the finals of the United States Championship tournament by defeating Booker T and Vampiro in the first two rounds. Vampiro cost Sting the championship in the finals against Scott Steiner, leading to an intense feud between Sting and Vampiro. Sting pinned Vampiro at Slamboree (2000), Slamboree in May, and Vampiro beat Sting in a Inferno match, Human Torch match at The Great American Bash (2000), The Great American Bash the next month; for the climax of the match, Borden switched with a stuntman, who was set on fire and thrown off the top of the frame of the stage's entrance video screen. At Bash at the Beach (2000), Bash at the Beach, he returned wearing another Sting mask as men wearing cloaks and Sting masks carried him in a casket, and then he attacked Vampiro.

Sting went on to feud with Jeff Jarrett and then Scott Steiner. Steiner attacked and injured Sting in November 2000. Sting stayed off WCW programming until the final episode of ''Nitro'' on March 26, 2001. History of WCW#Acquisition by the World Wrestling Federation and aftermath, WCW had been purchased by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), and the final match in WCW history pitted Sting against his longtime rival Flair; the two had also competed on the very first edition of ''Nitro'' on September 4, 1995. Sting defeated Flair and the two embraced at the end of the contest.

After the WWF did not buy out Sting's contract with AOL Time Warner, he rejected a buyout offer of 50 cents on the dollar from AOL Time Warner, instead waiting until his contract expired in March 2002 (he announced a short-lived retirement in February of that year). Borden then entered into contract negotiations with the WWF, but ultimately did not join the promotion.

World Wrestling All-Stars (2002–2003)

In 2002, after over a year and a half of hiatus, Borden toured Europe with the World Wrestling All-Stars (WWA) promotion throughout November and December. His first match in the WWA took place on November 28, 2002, in Dublin, Ireland, where he reunited with Lex Luger to defeat Buff Bagwell and Jerry Tuite, Malice. At WWA Retribution, The Retribution on December 6, 2002, in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Sting lost to Luger in a bout for the vacant WWA World Heavyweight Championship. Sting defeated Luger to claim the WWA World Heavyweight Championship in Zurich, Switzerland, on December 13.

Sting embarked on a second tour with WWA in May 2003, successfully defending his championship against Rick Steiner, Shane Douglas, and Disco Inferno (wrestler), Disco Inferno. The WWA held its final show, WWA Reckoning, The Reckoning, on May 25 in Auckland, New Zealand, where NWA World Heavyweight Champion Jeff Jarrett defeated Sting for the WWA World Heavyweight Championship, unifying the two championships.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2003–2014)

Sporadic appearances (2003–2004)

In 2003, Sting signed a contract committing him to four appearances with the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion. He debuted in TNA on the June 18 one year anniversary show, teaming with Jeff Jarrett to defeat A.J. Styles and Sean Waltman, Syxx Pac. Following this, Borden engaged in a comprehensive series of sitdown interviews with Mike Tenay, discussing his career and his faith. Sting returned to TNA on November 5, 2003, defeating Jarrett by disqualification in a match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. On November 12, Sting teamed with A.J. Styles to defeat Jarrett and Lex Luger. He made his final TNA appearance of 2003 on December 17, defeating Jarrett in a non-title match. On March 24, 2004, Borden was interviewed once again by Mike Tenay as part of the Promotion (marketing), promotion for his direct-to-video biographical film, ''Sting: Moment of Truth'', and on March 31, he returned to the company for one night only as the special guest enforcer for the main-event, a four-way match between Abyss (wrestler), Abyss, A.J. Styles, Raven (wrestler), Raven, and Ron Killings, which Raven won.

Feud with Jeff Jarrett (2005–2006)

On December 11, 2005, at TNA Turning Point 2005, Turning Point, as Jeff Jarrett stood in the ring celebrating his victory, the lights in the arena went out as images of a scorpion—Sting's symbol— appeared on the arena screens, along with the date "January 15, 2006". Spotlights then illuminated the ring, revealing a chair bearing Sting's signature trench coat, boots, and a black baseball bat in the center of the ring. His return to TNA was officially announced one minute after midnight on the January 1, 2006 episode of ''Impact! (TV series), Impact!''. On January 15 at Final Resolution 2006, Final Resolution, Sting and Christian (wrestler), Christian Cage defeated NWA World Heavyweight Champion Jeff Jarrett and Monty Brown in a tag team match after Sting pinned Jarrett. On the January 28, 2006 episode of ''Impact!'', Sting made his Spike (TV channel), Spike TV debut and first appearance on national television in almost five years, announcing his retirement.

With Sting gone, the storyline continued with Jeff Jarrett and Eric Young (wrestler), Eric Young worrying that Sting had not actually retired and sending Alex Shelley to California to videotape Sting at home. Sting discovered Shelley filming, then walked up to Shelley's car and told him that he was going to show up at Destination X (2006), Destination X and confront Jeff Jarrett as Steve Borden. Clad in "street clothes" and without face paint Borden returned on March 12 at Destination X, saving Christian Cage and Rhino as they were attacked by Planet Jarrett, Jarrett's Army. He placed Jarrett in the Scorpion Deathlock, but was attacked by the debuting Scott Steiner shortly thereafter. This led to a Lethal Lockdown match between Sting, A.J. Styles, Ron Killings, and Rhino against Jarrett's Army. On April 23 at Lockdown (2006), Lockdown, Sting's team won the match. Following Lockdown, Sting proceeded to seek out partners to help him defeat Jeff Jarrett and Scott Steiner for good. After bringing out Lex Luger, Buff Bagwell, and Rick Steiner as options, he settled on Samoa Joe. On May 14 at Sacrifice 2006, Sacrifice, Sting and Joe defeated Jarrett and Steiner after Joe pinned Jarrett with a Muscle Buster. Still having proven unsuccessful at putting Jarrett away, Sting defeated Scott Steiner by disqualification to earn a spot in the King of the Mountain match at Slammiversary (2006), Slammiversary on June 18. Due to a confrontation with Christian Cage during the match, Sting was distracted, which allowed crooked referee Earl Hebner to knock over the ladder both were on, sending both men to the floor and allow Jarrett to pick up the victory.

On July 16 at Victory Road (2006), Victory Road, Sting won a four-way to win a title shot for Jarrett's NWA World Heavyweight Championship. Sting received his title shot on August 13 at Hard Justice (2006), Hard Justice, but failed to capture the title after Christian Cage turned heel and hit Sting with Jarrett's guitar. He would have another match at Bound for Glory (2006), Bound for Glory, where Sting put his career on the line. He went on to claim his second NWA World Heavyweight title when he made Jarrett submit to the ''Scorpion Deathlock'' marking the first major championship title Sting had won since 1999. With that victory, Sting became the oldest NWA World Heavyweight Champion of the TNA era, as well as the only person to ever win the title both before and after the inception of TNA. This would also go on to make Sting the longest superstar to recapture his second NWA title from 1990 to 2006 (16 years).

Sting lost the title to Abyss on November 19 at Genesis (2006), Genesis by disqualification after pushing aside the referee and pushing Abyss into a stack of tables covered in barbed wire. In the weeks following Genesis, Sting's feud with Abyss continued and Christian Cage was involved, facing the three of them in a three-way match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on December 10 at TNA Turning Point 2006, Turning Point, where Abyss retained the title.

TNA World Heavyweight Champion (2007–2008)

As 2007 came along, Sting continued his feud with Abyss while trying to recapture the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, facing him at Final Resolution 2007, Final Resolution, Against All Odds 2007, Against All Odds and Destination x 2007, Destination X in a Last Rites match, but he never claimed the title. Also, Abyss and Sting were placed in different team in the Lethal Lockdown match at Lockdown (2007), Lockdown. Sting, with the help of Jeff Jarrett, pinned Abyss to win the match for his team and end their bitter rivalry.

At Sacrifice 2007, Sacrifice, a match between Sting, Kurt Angle and NWA World Champion Christian Cage was booked. The day of the PPV, the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), the owners of the NWA World Heavyweight and the NWA World Tag Team Championships, stripped Cage of the title and Team 3D of the tag team title. NWA Executive Director Robert Trobich, Robert K. Trobich stated the reason was that Cage refused to defend the NWA Title at NWA live events. At the event, Cage, still holding the physical NWA Championship belt, defended what was billed as the "World Heavyweight Championship" against Sting and Angle. Angle was the victor of said contest by making Sting submit, and was announced as the new "TNA World Heavyweight Champion". The ''Impact!'' following the event, the title was labelled as the "List of TNA World Heavyweight Champions, TNA World Heavyweight Championship", but the title was vacated. A tournament was then held for the title which culminated in a King of the Mountain match at Slammiversary (2007), Slammiversary. Sting lost his qualifying match with Samoa Joe after Christopher Daniels interfered. Sting instead faced Daniels on June 17 at Slammiversary, which he ultimately won.

After his feud with Daniels, Sting began teaming up with his former enemy, Abyss who had recently turned face. Together, the two went on to defeat A.J. Styles and Tomko on July 15 at Victory Road (2007), Victory Road. While trying to help Abyss to win a match against A.J. Styles, Sting and Abyss were attacked by Christian's Coalition. Abyss was pulled under the ring and Sting was slammed into broken glass by Tomko, before Abyss emerged bleeding badly and was slammed into the broken glass and thumbtacks. The following week, Sting and Abyss got revenge by defeating Christian Cage and A.J. Styles in a ladder match, in the process earning a contract that allowed them to pick the type of match between Abyss and Christian at Hard Justice (2007), Hard Justice. Sting's team won in a "Doomsday Chamber of Blood" match, with Abyss pinning A.J. Styles to become the number one contender for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

After that, Sting started a feud with the TNA World Champion Kurt Angle. First, Sting defeated A.J. Styles, Christian Cage, and Samoa Joe in a four-way match to become the co-holder of the TNA World Tag Team Championship with Angle, but lost it 30 days later against Adam Jones (American football), Adam "Pacman" Jones and Ron Killings at No Surrender 2007, No Surrender. Sting would face Angle for the World title at Bound for Glory (2007), Bound for Glory, where Sting won his first TNA World Heavyweight Championship. However, he would lose the title back to Angle two days later on ''Impact!'' after Kevin Nash interfered on Angle's behalf. Sting would face Angle and Nash at Genesis (2007), Genesis, with the debutant Booker T (wrestler), Booker T as his mystery partner. In the match, whoever scored the pinfall would win the TNA World Championship, which Angle won after pinning Sting to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. This would be the final TNA appearance of Sting in 2007 as he would take some time off to be with his family.

Sting then made his official return on March 27. At Lockdown (2008), Lockdown, he teamed with Team Cage (Christian Cage, Kevin Nash, Rhino, and Matt Morgan (wrestler), Matt Morgan) and defeated Team Tomko (Tomko, A.J. Styles, James Storm, and Dudley Boyz, Team 3D). After the tag titles were vacated, Jim Cornette held a Deuces Wild Tournament, Deuces Wild Tag Team Tournament to determine new champs. Four teams were already in the Sacrifice finals, while Cornette named eight wrestlers as the "Egotistical 8". Sting's partner was James Storm and on May 11 at Sacrifice (2008), Sacrifice, they came up short due to their inability to get along, and towards the end, Sting attacked Storm and walked out. Sting was not seen after that except in an interview which talked about his career and his eventual retirement.

On July 13 at Victory Road (2008), Victory Road, Booker T faced Samoa Joe for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. During the match, Sting tried to talk sense into Joe, as he was brutally beating Booker T, and was potentially heading towards a disqualification. Joe rebuked him, and Sting struck him with his trademark black baseball bat. Over the coming weeks, the feud between Joe and Booker intensified, with episodes ending with Booker T or Sharmell striking Samoa Joe with Sting's trademark bat as ''Impact!'' went off the air, leading to a question of whether Sting had turned on Samoa Joe and became a heel. Although still receiving a face reaction from the fans, Sting sided with Booker T. On August 10 at Hard Justice (2008), Hard Justice, Sting attacked A.J. Styles after he and Kurt Angle wrestled a Last Man Standing match.

The Main Event Mafia (2008–2009)

On October 12 at Bound for Glory IV, Sting challenged Samoa Joe for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship and was successful in claiming the title, after Kevin Nash returned and hit Joe with Sting's baseball bat. After Bound for Glory, Sting with Kurt Angle, Booker T, Kevin Nash and Scott Steiner created The Main Event Mafia, a stable formed by veterans and former World Champions and feuded with younger wrestlers, called TNA Frontline. Sting defended the title against Frontline's AJ Styles at Turning Point (2008 wrestling), Turning Point and Rhino on January 11 at Genesis (2009), Genesis. Sting also feuded with the leader of The Main Event Mafia Kurt Angle. At Against All Odds (2009), Against All Odds, Sting defended the title against Angle, Brother Ray and Brother Devon. He then faced off with Angle in a singles match at Destination X (2009), Destination X. At Lockdown (2009), Lockdown, Sting lost the TNA World Heavyweight Championship to Mick Foley inside the Cage match, Six Sides of Steel, ending his reign at 189 days (his longest world title reign for any organization). On May 24 at Sacrifice (2009), Sacrifice, Sting defeated Kurt Angle to become the new Godfather of the Main Event Mafia. On June 21 at Slammiversary (2009), Slammiversary, Sting defeated Matt Morgan in a singles match, thus preventing Morgan from joining the Main Event Mafia. On the following episode of ''Impact!'', Sting's fellow Main Event Mafia members attacked him, removed him from the group, and Kurt Angle reclaimed his role as Godfather. The following week, Sting took his revenge upon the Mafia, when he attacked every member of the group and stole Angle's world heavyweight championship belt, becoming a fully fledged face as a result. On July 19 at Victory Road (2009), Victory Road, Sting was defeated by new Main Event Mafia member Samoa Joe in a singles match after the debuting Taz interfered on Joe's behalf. On August 16 at Hard Justice (2009), Hard Justice, Sting unsuccessfully challenged Angle for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in a triple threat match, which also included Matt Morgan. On September 20 at No Surrender (2009), No Surrender, Sting lost a five-way match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship that also included A.J. Styles, Shawn Hernandez, Hernandez, Kurt Angle, and Matt Morgan. Instead of pinning Angle, he opted to attack Morgan, to allow Styles to pin Angle and become the new World Heavyweight Champion. As a token of gratitude, Styles offered to give him a title shot at the following month's PPV Bound for Glory (2009), Bound for Glory in a match billed as possibly being Sting's retirement match. At the PPV, Styles defeated Sting to retain his title, ending Sting's undefeated streak at Bound for Glory. After the match he announced that he didn't know whether he would continue his career or not, Saying that "the way you fans are reacting right now, makes me wanna stay forever!" At the end of the year the match was voted the match of the year by the fans of TNA.

Feud with Immortal (2010–2011)

On the January 4, 2010, live-three-hour, TNA Impact!'s move to Monday nights, Monday night edition of ''Impact!'' Sting returned to the Impact! Zone appearing in the rafters of the arena. Sting reappeared two months later on March 8, attacking Hulk Hogan and Abyss during a match against A.J. Styles and Ric Flair, turning heel as a result. He was later defeated by the debuting Rob Van Dam. During the following months, Sting would join other heel wrestlers against face wrestlers like Van Dam, Jarrett or Hogan. At Lockdown (2010), Lockdown, Team Flair (formed by Sting, Nigel McGuinness, Desmond Wolfe, Robert Roode and James Storm) were defeated by Team Hogan (Abyss, Jeff Jarrett, Rob Van Dam and Jeff Hardy). After defeating Jeff Jarrett at Sacrifice (2010), Sacrifice, Sting faced Rob Van Dam for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship at Slammiversary VIII. However, during the match Jarrett made his return and cost Sting the title.

After assaulting Jarrett from behind on the June 24 edition of ''Impact!'', TNA president Dixie Carter (wrestling), Dixie Carter (Kayfabe, storyline) suspended Sting for 30 days. When he returned, Sting changed his gimmick, wearing his nWo Wolfpac red face paint, and was paired with Kevin Nash. They would start a feud with Jeff Jarrett and Samoa Joe, facing them No Surrender (2010), No Surrender and Bound for Glory (2010), Bound for Glory, where Sting, Nash and D'Angelo Dinero defeated Jarrett and Joe after Jarrett turned heel by leaving the ring and having Joe wrestle alone. At the end of Bound for Glory, it was revealed that Sting had been right about Hogan and Bischoff all along, as they turned heel with Jarrett and Jeff Hardy as Abyss's "they", and in the process turned Sting, Nash and Dinero back to being faces. On the following edition of ''Impact!'', Sting and Nash refused to join Hogan, Bischoff and their new group, Immortal (professional wrestling), Immortal. After the promo, they walked out on TNA, but Nash left the promotion for real. Borden took a hiatus from TNA television as his contract had expired at the end of 2010.

He returned on February 24, 2011, at the tapings of the March 3 edition of ''Impact!'', where he appeared as a surprise challenger and defeated Immortal's Jeff Hardy to win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship for the third time. On March 13 at Victory Road (2011), Victory Road, Sting successfully defended the title against Hardy in a No Disqualification rematch that lasted ninety seconds. According to word from backstage, the match was planned to last longer, but it was cut short after Hardy was deemed too intoxicated to wrestle. Sting was later heard agreeing with a fan's claim that the match was "bullshit". The following month at Lockdown (2011), Lockdown, Sting successfully defended the title against Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Anderson and Rob Van Dam in a three-way steel cage match, Van Dam at Sacrifice (2011), Sacrifice, and Anderson at Slammiversary IX, where he lost the title following outside interference from Eric Bischoff.

Over the next few weeks, Sting displayed a more maniacal character similar in look and style to Heath Ledger's portrayal of the Joker in other media#The Dark Knight (2008), Joker from the 2008 film ''The Dark Knight (film), The Dark Knight''. On the July 14 edition of ''Impact Wrestling'', Sting, now dubbed as the "Insane Icon", regained the TNA World Heavyweight Championship from Mr. Anderson, after Fortune (professional wrestling), Fortune and Kurt Angle, disguised as his clown minions, attacked each member of Immortal, preventing them from interfering in the match. He would go on to lose the title to Kurt Angle on August 7 at Hardcore Justice (2011), Hardcore Justice, after Angle hit him with a chair brought to the ring by Hulk Hogan. Sting continued tormenting head members of Immortal with his strange new personality, and on the August 18 edition of ''Impact Wrestling'', his longtime rival Ric Flair made his return to TNA and challenged him to a match. Sting agreed to put his career on the line in the match in exchange for Flair promising to deliver him his long-awaited match with Hogan, should he be able to defeat him. On the September 1 edition of ''Impact Wrestling'', Sting received a rematch against Angle for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, but was defeated following interference from special enforcer Hulk Hogan and the rest of Immortal. On September 11 at No Surrender (2011), No Surrender, Hogan once again cost Sting the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in a three-way match, which also included Mr. Anderson. On the September 15 edition of ''Impact Wrestling'', Sting defeated longtime rival Ric Flair to earn the right to face Hogan at Bound for Glory (2011), Bound for Glory. On the October 6 edition of ''Impact Wrestling'', after being exposed for his false claim of retiring and his secret ridicule of the fans, a furious Hogan impulsively agreed to hand TNA back to Dixie Carter, should Sting manage to defeat him at Bound for Glory. On October 16 at Bound for Glory, Sting defeated Hogan to bring Dixie Carter back to power. After the match, Hogan turned on Immortal and helped Sting overcome the odds in his battle with the stable. On the following edition of ''Impact Wrestling'', Carter placed Sting in charge of the program. Sting returned to the ring on the December 22 and February 9, 2012, editions of ''Impact Wrestling'', where he teamed up with Jeff Hardy to defeat TNA World Heavyweight Champion Bobby Roode and Mark LoMonaco, Bully Ray both times.

Final feuds and departure (2012–2014)

During the first months of 2012, Sting feuded with the TNA World Heavyweight Champion Bobby Roode. He was defeated by Roode at Victory Road (2012), Victory Road in a non-title No Holds Barred match, and at Slammiversary (2012), Slammiversary in a title match. During this time, he also left the General Manager position in favor of Hulk Hogan, signed a new contract extension with TNA and was announced as the first inductee into the TNA Hall of Fame.

His next feud was against a newly formed masked faction called "Aces & Eights", where he was pointed as the interim general manager after Hogan hiatus due to a back injury. The feud led to a match at Bound for Glory (2012), Bound for Glory alongside Bully Ray, where they were defeated by the Aces & Eights, following interference from a man who was afterwards unmasked as Ray's longtime partner, the returning Devon Hughes, Devon. As a result of their win, the Aces & Eights earned full access to TNA. On the following episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', Sting defeated Devon via disqualification, following interference from the Aces & Eights. On the November 8 episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', Sting was sidelined with a storyline injury, after being put through a table and beaten with a ball-peen hammer by Drew Hankinson, DOC, a member of Aces & Eights.

Sting returned on the January 3, 2013, episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', saving Kurt Angle and Samoa Joe from Aces & Eights before beating the group down with a baseball bat. Sting wrestled his return match the following week, defeating Aces & Eights member Mike Knox after he injured Kurt Angle. Three days later at Genesis (2013), Genesis, Sting gained his revenge on DOC by defeating him in a singles match. On the February 7 episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', Sting teamed up with Bully Ray to defeat Devon and DOC in a Tables match. On March 10 at Lockdown (2013), Lockdown, Team TNA, consisting of Sting, Eric Young, James Storm, Magnus (wrestler), Magnus, and Samoa Joe defeated Aces & Eights, consisting of Devon, DOC, Garett Bischoff, Mike Knox, and Mr. Anderson in a Lethal Lockdown match. After Bully Ray won the TNA World Heavyweight Championship and revealed himself as the president of Aces & Eights later that night, Hulk Hogan blamed Sting as he had encouraged Hogan to give Ray the title shot while also encouraging Hogan to support Ray's marriage with his daughter Brooke Hogan, Brooke. Sting proceeded to walk out on Hogan. Sting returned on the April 25 ''Impact Wrestling'', saving Hogan from an attack by the Aces & Eights. The following week, Sting reconciled with Hogan and became the number one contender to the TNA World Heavyweight Championship later that night after defeating Matt Morgan (wrestler), Matt Morgan. On June 2 at Slammiversary XI, Sting unsuccessfully challenged Bully Ray for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in a No Holds Barred Match after an interference by Aces & Eights. Per stipulation, Sting would never get another title opportunity again.

On the June 13 episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', Sting noted that nobody in the back helped him during his title match, but he would form a New Main Event Mafia to battle the Aces & Eights. In the following weeks, Sting would recruit Kurt Angle, Samoa Joe, Magnus, and Quinton Jackson, Rampage Jackson as members of the New Main Event Mafia. Before Bound for Glory, MEM member Magnus complained to Sting because his losses. Magnus told to Sting he had Flair to put him in the map, but he had nobody, so Sting challenged him to a match at Bound for Glory. At Bound for Glory, Sting was defeated by Magnus. On the October 31 episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', Dixie Carter offered to lift the lifetime ban so Sting can get another World title opportunity again by entering him first in a Battle Royal Gauntlet match, which was won by Magnus as Sting attempted to eliminate Kazarian, and Magnus eliminated the both of them. Sting disbanded The Main Event Mafia after Aces & Eights disbanded, and while other members began to chase their TNA World Heavyweight Championship dreams, Sting started a feud against Ethan Carter III and Dixie Carter after they began humiliating TNA Legends, like Curry Man and Earl Hebner by Carter. On the December 12 episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', Carter was confronted by Sting, and was issued an option, either face Sting immediately, or enter the Feast or Fired match. Carter entered the Feast or Fired match, and grabbed one of the briefcases. On the December 19 episode of ''Impact Wrestling'', the Feast or Fired briefcase revealed to contain a future TNA World Tag Team Championship match, and also led to the firing of Chavo Guerrero Jr., Chavo Guerrero. On the January 16, 2014 episode of ''Genesis (2014), Impact Wrestling: Genesis'', Sting lost a match to Ethan Carter III due an interference from the TNA World Heavyweight Champion Magnus and subsequently challenged Magnus to a Title vs. Career match for the January 23 episode of ''Impact Wrestling: Genesis'', which Sting lost, and his TNA contract was terminated as a result.

At Slammiversary (2022), Slammiversary, on June 19, 2022, Sting appeared in a video message to congratulate Impact Wrestling, which had changed its name from TNA in 2017, on their 20th anniversary.

WWE (2014–2020)

Pre-debut appearances (2014)

Veteran professional wrestling journalist Bill Apter chronicled Sting's career in a piece for WWE.com on February 19, 2014, wherein he stated that Sting's "best days may still be yet to come". He appeared in a WWE Network production on April 15, 2014, sharing a story of his former tag team partner The Ultimate Warrior, who had recently died. This marked Sting's first non-archive appearance on a WWE-branded show. Sting was a prominent contributor to the documentary film ''Warrior: The Ultimate Legend'', which aired on the WWE Network on April 17. The following day, online retailer Zavvi (retailer), Zavvi announced the WWE Home Video DVD and Blu-ray ''The Best of Sting'', which was released on September 23, 2014. On July 14, Sting appeared in a vignette on ''WWE Raw, Raw'' to promote the video game ''WWE 2K15'', in which he was featured as a pre-order bonus character in both his 'Crow' and 'Surfer' (pre-1996) incarnations. That same day, WWE began selling official Sting merchandise. On July 24, Borden made his first public appearance for WWE, in full Sting garb, as a surprise guest at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International. The event was held to announce WWE's upcoming line of Mattel action figures, in which the company's first ever Sting figure would appear. Prior to that appearance, Sting gave his first interview with WWE.com, which was released later that day. On August 4, WWE announced Sting as a guest on the ''WWE 2K15'' "Roster Reveal" panel, which took place on August 16 in Los Angeles.

Feud with The Authority (2014–2015)

On November 23, during the main event of Survivor Series, Sting made his first-ever appearance in a WWE ring by attacking Triple H with a DDT (professional wrestling)#Inverted DDT, Scorpion Death Drop and also costing Team The Authority (professional wrestling), Authority the match. On January 19, 2015, Sting made his live ''WWE Raw, Raw'' debut by appearing backstage during the main event, then walking to the stage, causing a distraction and costing Authority members Big Show, Kane (wrestler), Kane and Seth Rollins their handicap match against John Cena; this win gave the recently fired Dolph Ziggler, Ryback and Erick Rowan their jobs back. Triple H challenged Sting to a face-to-face confrontation on the February 2 episode of ''Raw''. Sting accepted this challenge on the February 9 episode of ''Raw'' by sending a Heath Slater, Sting doppelganger into the ring to scare Triple H, after airing a vignette on the big screen accepting Triple H's challenge. Sting and Triple H had a confrontation at Fastlane (2015), Fastlane on February 22. Following physicality between the two, Sting pointed to the WrestleMania 31 sign with his baseball bat, issuing a challenge for the event that was accepted by Triple H. On the March 16 episode of ''Raw'', Sting made a surprise appearance and helped Randy Orton fight off the Authority. Immediately following on the WWE Network, Sting spoke for the first time in-ring. He lost at WrestleMania 31 in a match involving interference from D-Generation X and New World Order (professional wrestling), New World Order members, but shook hands with Triple H afterward.

Sting returned on the August 24 episode of ''Raw'' and challenged the WWE Championship, WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins at Night of Champions. Sting defeated Big Show by disqualification in his first match on ''Raw'', as a consequence of Rollins attacking Sting. That same night, a second match was booked with John Cena and Sting defeating Show and Rollins. At Night of Champions, Sting was defeated by Rollins and experienced a Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Legit, legit neck injury after a turnbuckle powerbomb. Sting later told Bill Apter that he does not blame Rollins for his injury, describing the incident as a "freak accident."

Hall of Fame and first retirement (2016–2020)

It was announced on the January 11, 2016 episode of ''Raw'' that Sting would be the first member of the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2016. Sting ultimately reneged on having surgery; on March 22, 2016, he explained that he felt "completely normal" and had none of the side effects associated with cervical spinal stenosis. On April 2, during his WWE Hall of Fame induction speech, Sting announced his retirement from professional wrestling. He appeared at WrestleMania 32, alongside his fellow 2016 inductees, the following night.

In August 2016, Sting appeared on the WWE Network show ''Legends with John Layfield, JBL'' and talked about his career. He also stated that he had still not undergone surgery, which would definitively end his career, and he still held hope for a match with The Undertaker, claiming that such a match is his "unfinished business" in wrestling. However, the match would never happen as despite Sting pitching the idea for a cinematic match with Undertaker, it was never approved, and Undertaker himself Survivor Series (2020), officially retired in 2020.

On the February 25, 2019 episode of ''Raw'', Sting made his first appearance on WWE television since 2016, at the 70th birthday celebration of Ric Flair, but Flair was attacked by Dave Bautista, Batista before he could make it to the ring. This would end up being Sting's final appearance for the company, other than interviews recorded for WWE Network.

In May 2020, it was reported that Sting was no longer under WWE contract. In October 2020, the WWE stopped selling Sting merchandise and pulled his page from WWE Shop.

All Elite Wrestling (2020–present)

First appearances (2020–2021)

On December 2, 2020, Sting made his All Elite Wrestling (AEW) debut after a tag team match that pitted Cody Rhodes and Darby Allin against Powerhouse Hobbs and Ricky Starks at Winter Is Coming (2020), Winter Is Coming. This was his first appearance on TNT (American TV network), TNT since he defeated Ric Flair in the final episode of ''WCW Monday Nitro'' on March 26, 2001. After Sting rescued Rhodes and Allin from Hobbs and Starks, he silently checked on each of the four individuals remaining in the ring: His former Four Horsemen rival Arn Anderson, fellow WCW alumni Dustin Rhodes, Cody Rhodes, who had idolized Sting as a child, and Allin, the only one of the four men to stand up to meet Sting face-to-face.

It was later announced that Sting had officially signed a multi-year contract with AEW. AEW also began selling Sting merchandise. On the December 9, 2020 edition of ''AEW Dynamite, Dynamite'', Sting spoke for the first time on TNT in nearly 20 years, confirming to Cody Rhodes he was "signed officially with AEW". Sting then aligned himself with Allin, and on January 21, 2021, it was announced that Sting would team with Allin against Team Taz (Brian Cage and Ricky Starks) in a Street fight (professional wrestling), Street Fight at Revolution on March 7, marking Sting's first match since September 2015, thus coming out of retirement. Sting and Allin won the match, which was Professional wrestling match types#Cinematic match, pre-taped on location.

Return to in-ring competition (2021–present)

Sting and Allin again teamed up and defeated the team of Scorpio Sky and Ethan Page at AEW's marquee event Double or Nothing on May 30, 2021, which was done live in front of a full capacity crowd. Sting had initially planned to only appear in cinematic matches for AEW, but Allin convinced him to compete in live events beginning with Double or Nothing, which was his first live match in front of a crowd since WWE Night of Champions in 2015.

On the August 18, 2021 edition of ''Dynamite,'' Sting wrestled on TNT for the first time in 20 years as he and Darby Allin teamed up at the Fertitta Center in Houston, Texas to defeat 3.0 (professional wrestling), 2.0 (Jeff Parker & Matt Lee). On the January 19, 2022 edition of ''Dynamite'', Sting appeared on Turner Broadcasting System, TBS for the first time in over 20 years (since his last appearance in a November 2000 episode of ''WCW Thunder''). During the event, which was held in the Entertainment and Sports Arena in Washington D.C., he and Darby Allin teamed up to defeat The Acclaimed (Anthony Bowens & Max Caster). At Holiday Bash (2021), Holiday Bash, Sting, CM Punk and Darby Allin defeated The Pinnacle (professional wrestling), The Pinnacle (Maxwell Jacob Friedman, MJF and FTR (professional wrestling), FTR (Cash Wheeler and Dax Harwood). At Revolution (2022), Revolution 2022, Sting would win a Professional wrestling tag team match types#Tornado tag team match, Tornado tag team match with Sammy Guevara and Allin over Andrade El Idolo, Matt Hardy, and Private Party (professional wrestling), Isiah Kassidy.

Sting and Allin appeared at AEW x NJPW: Forbidden Door, an event co-promoted by AEW and New Japan Pro-Wrestling, on June 28, 2022, where they teamed with Los Ingobernables de Japon member Shingo Takagi in a six-man tag team match in which they defeated Bullet Club members The Young Bucks and El Phantasmo. Hiromu Takahashi was intended to take part in the match as part of Sting's team, but was unable to travel to the United States due to an illness, and the match was reconfigured. Sting, Allin, and Miro (wrestler), Miro defeated House of Black, The House of Black in another six-man tag team match at All Out (2022), All Out on September 4. At AEW Grand Slam (2022), Grand Slam, Sting and Darby Allin defeated House of Black (Buddy Matthews and Brody King). At Full Gear (2022), Full Gear, Sting and Darby Allin defeated Jeff Jarrett and Jay Lethal.

Sting is scheduled to appear at the Great Muta Final "Bye-Bye" event, to be held by Pro Wrestling Noah at the Yokohama Arena in Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan on January 23, 2023, where he will team with his long-time in-ring rival Keiji Muto, the Great Muta in Muta's final match before his retirement.

Legacy and influence

Sting is widely regarded as the greatest performer in WCW history. Former rival Hulk Hogan asserted that Sting should be mentioned in any conversation regarding the top 10 greatest pro wrestlers of all time; numerous outlets have placed him in such listings. Digital Spy writer Mayer Nissim commended Sting's ability to constantly evolve his Gimmick (professional wrestling), gimmick while fellow franchise players Hulk Hogan and John Cena largely failed to do so, in order to maintain spectator interest. Borden is known for his charity work, once regarding his involvement with the Make-A-Wish Foundation, Make-A-Wish and Starlight Children's Foundations as his "most fulfilling activity".

Prior to his signing with WWE, Sting's legacy was perpetuated by the organization. It hailed him as "one of sports-entertainment's elite", and ranked him at number one in listings of the greatest wrestlers to never perform in WWE, and the greatest stars in WCW history. In 2013, the company named Sting's WCW World Heavyweight Championship contest against Diamond Dallas Page, on April 26, 1999, as the greatest match ever aired on WCW's flagship ''WCW Monday Nitro, Monday Nitro'' program. At Night of Champions (2013), Night of Champions 2013, WWE organized a viewer poll to determine the greatest WWE United States Championship, United States Champion of all time: Sting, a two-time champion, beat out the other four contenders – all WWE Hall of Famers – in a landslide victory with 53% of the overall vote. In regard to Sting's creative handling after he signed with WWE, ''PWInsider'' editor Dave Scherer wrote that "he really represented WCW so he was never going to get that [legend] treatment".

Sting was the inaugural inductee into the TNA Hall of Fame. TNA president Dixie Carter credits Sting with being the major wrestling superstar that TNA needed to establish itself. The company describes him as having had an "unparalleled career" and as being a legend who surpasses time.

Sting was regarded by colleagues in WCW as a professional and well-respected locker room leader. Prominent adversary Big Van Vader felt that Sting had unsurpassed athletic prowess within the business, and "ranks right up at the top" as an in-ring performer. Ric Flair called Sting his greatest opponent. Former rival Diamond Dallas Page, commenting on Sting's entry into WWE in 2014, said: "Everyone there grew up watching him... No one did it better than Sting, nobody".

John Cena mimicked Sting's hairstyle in his younger years and recalled, "he was my guy";''Greatest Stars of the 90s''. WWE Home Video. 2009.
John Cena: "To see Sting win that match [vs. Ric Flair at The Great American Bash (1990)], obviously, as a kid I was going nuts: he was my guy."
Jeff Hardy: We went to see WCW in Fayetteville. There was this one moment, man, a changing moment in my life, when I reached out and I touched Sting... I was like, 'Wow, I wanna be that guy'." Seth Rollins would dress up as Sting in his youth. Tommy Dreamer told how he "wanted to be Sting"—a sentiment shared by Jeff Hardy. Cody Rhodes and Shelton Benjamin named him their favorite childhood wrestler, while Tyson Kidd professed to being "a huge Sting fan as a kid".''Sting: Into the Light''. WWE Home Video. 2015.
Bill Goldberg: "I looked up to [Sting]."
Tyson Kidd: "I was a huge Sting fan as a kid." He was also a prominent influence on industry veterans Kurt Angle, Bill Goldberg, Kane (wrestler), Kane, A.J. Styles and Dustin Rhodes, Dustin Rhodes/Goldust. Bray Wyatt has stressed that he "''really'' would like to take on" Sting, adding: "I have to have [that] before I die; I don't care if it happens outside a Waffle House, somewhere."

Sting's comeback run with AEW has been acclaimed by wrestling journalists, with some expressing surprise at his predilection for high-flying List of professional wrestling terms#S, spots despite his age. Justin Henry of Cultaholic compared Sting's work on Double or Nothing 2021 as similar to his championship match against Ric Flair at the The Great American Bash (1990), 1990 Great American Bash, in which he was also working following recovery from a serious injury. On Sting's participation in a match at Revolution (2022), Revolution 2022, Sean Rueter of SB Nation wrote, "The man is 62 years old, and could just be living off a WWE Legends deal and autograph signings. But he's out here jumping off balconies onto Andrade El Ídolo and crashing them both through three tables. I have no idea why The Man Called Sting continues to do this, but I assume it's because he loves it."

Popularity

Pro wrestling journalist Bill Apter wrote of Sting, "His colorful face paint, piercing war cry and signature Stinger Splash electrified fans both young and old... he boasted one of the largest and most loyal fanbases of any in-ring personality in history." A young Jeff Hardy was overwhelmed by the crowd reaction to Sting, on whom fans were "really hooked", and "reaching out to want to know, and want to support." Then-WCW colleague Ric Flair recalled, "When he flew out that door with that blonde hair and the paint, man, the chicks went crazy. The people went crazy." Former WCW and WWE announcer Jim Ross described Sting as "truly one of the great stars of the 90s in ''any'' organization". He was voted by ''Pro Wrestling Illustrated'' readers as " Most Popular Wrestler of the Year" four times (a record shared with John Cena), for the years 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1997. His young supporters were known as the "Little Stingers".

Former WCW Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Book, booker Kevin Sullivan (wrestler), Kevin Sullivan said of Sting's rivalry with Flair: "If I needed to Glossary of professional wrestling terms#draw, draw a rating, Sting and Flair always drew. It was like Muhammad Ali, [Muhammad] Ali and Joe Frazier, [Joe] Frazier". The ''Clash of the Champions I'' event in 1988, which aired opposite the WWF's WrestleMania IV and was headlined by Sting vs. Flair, generated a record-setting 5.6 rating on TBS (U.S. TV channel), TBS. The pair also main-evented The Great American Bash (1990), The Great American Bash 1990, which was the NWA's biggest pay-per-view success up to that point. Reflecting on Sting in the early 1990s, then-colleague Kevin Nash said: "There weren't many draws in WCW at that point, but he was one of them". Another of the company's bookers, Mike Graham (wrestler), Mike Graham, asserted that Sting was a television ratings success during the Monday Night Wars; he was highly profitable in 1997, being WCW's top merchandise seller (second only to the WWF's Steve Austin overall) and, versus Hulk Hogan, Hollywood Hogan, headlining the biggest-grossing pay-per-view event in the company's history at Starrcade (1997), Starrcade 1997. Sting went on to join the New World Order (professional wrestling), nWo Wolfpac Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Stable, stable, which dominated WCW's merchandise sales at events in mid 1998. Discussing Sting's entry into WWE in 2014, Kevin Nash said that he is "so valuable to the company as a trademark". On December 3, 2020, Pro Wrestling Tees owner Ryan Barkan stated that Sting's AEW t-shirt quickly broke the single day record for t-shirt sales.

On the other hand, ''Pro Wrestling Torch'' editor Wade Keller wrote that Sting was a "valuable player during ''Nitro''s peak years", but not a "consistent draw for WCW". Keller said Sting coasted on "natural charisma and athletic ability", but also chided WCW, where Sting observed "incompetence and political decision-making", and "was never challenged to be better than he was because he didn't have much competition". Fin Martin of ''Power Slam'' also felt that Sting's box office successes in WCW were sporadic. Martin said Sting "did not grow into the [NWA] champion's role", but allowed that his prospects as franchise player were damaged by the "story lines and booking techniques" and the "list of contenders". Wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer claimed that Sting was not a formidable draw, although this assertion was disputed by Sting's former WCW colleague Stone Cold Steve Austin, Steve Austin. Dave Scherer of ''PWInsider'' wrote that Sting "didn't draw huge", but is nevertheless an "all-time great".

Resistance to signing with WWE

Prior to his signing with WWE in 2014, Sting was widely considered the greatest wrestler never to perform for the company, although he had "really good conversations" with the promotion during his career. His loyalty to WCW, even in its dying days, has been noted. That organization was purchased by the WWF (now WWE) in 2001, and Sting's contract with its parent company AOL Time Warner expired in 2002, but he still refused to make the jump, alternately attributing this to the WWF's creative usage of former WCW talents and negative dealings with their attorneys. The company's onerous live schedule and the content of its programming were also factors. Sting has, however, downplayed rumors of a difficult relationship with WWE.

Rather than sign with the WWF in 2002, Sting performed for smaller promotions, becoming the centerpiece of TNA by the mid-2000s. His pre-WWE career included "dream" matches against former WWF stars Hulk Hogan and Bret Hart in WCW, as well as bouts opposite names such as Ric Flair, Randy Savage, Kurt Angle and Mick Foley. Sting often wrestled Steve Austin in WCW; he had positive negotiations with WWE in 2003, with his proposed debut Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Angle, angle being a confrontation with Austin at the conclusion of WrestleMania XIX.

He was also "very, very close" to making a deal with the company in 2011, which would potentially have involved a match against The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXVII. In early 2011, during a period where Sting had not re-signed with TNA, WWE teased a mystery wrestler to appear on ''Monday Night Raw'' on February 21, 2011, with vignettes labelled "2.21.11". This led to speculation that Sting had signed with WWE. Since this ''Raw'' was billed as the "Return of the Undertaker", it was believed that this was building a Sting vs. Undertaker match at WrestleMania XXVII. Although Sting wrestled Mark Calaway in his pre-Undertaker character, "Mean" Mark Callous, at untelevised WCW live events in 1990, WWE viewers clamored for a televised Sting vs. Undertaker match. Ultimately, Sting re-signed with TNA, and on the February 21, 2011 ''Raw'', the Undertaker returned to begin a feud with Triple H. TNA then began airing similar vignettes labelled "3.3.11", building to Sting's real return on the March 3, 2011 episode of ''Impact!''.

Other media

Borden appeared in the music video for the song "Fire in the Hole" by Lȧȧz Rockit in 1989. He made his acting debut in the action-adventure show Super Force as an assassin. He starred in a pay-per-view only film titled ''The Real Reason (Men Commit Crimes)'' (1998). Borden was featured in a Sprite (soft drink), Sprite commercial in 1999. He also appeared in three episodes of the action-adventure series with Hulk Hogan in ''Thunder in Paradise'' as the character Adam "Hammerhead" McCall. Borden made a guest appearance on ''Walker, Texas Ranger'' as biker and drug dealer Grangus in the episode "Unsafe Speed". He also appeared in ''Ready to Rumble'' (2000) as Sting. He also appeared in the Christian film, ''The Encounter (2010 film), The Encounter'' (2011) and was featured as the lead actor in the TV movie ''Shutterspeed'' (2000). He makes a cameo appearance as Sting on an episode of ''Upright Citizens Brigade''. Borden played an outlaw biker in the film ''Revelation Road'' (2013).

His book, Moment Of Truth, was released on December 1, 2004. In October 2015, WWE released a second Sting DVD titled ''Sting: Into the Light''. The three-disc set features a behind-the-scenes documentary with Sting himself as he prepares to step into a WWE ring for the first time ever at WrestleMania 31.

Personal life

Borden was previously married to Sue Borden, they were married in 1986. They have two sons, Garrett Lee and Steven, Jr. and a daughter named Gracie, who was born in 2000. Borden and Sue divorced in 2010 after 24years of marriage. Borden married his second wife Sabine in 2015.

Borden was an admitted anabolic steroid user in the 1980s. He became a born again (Christianity), born-again Christian in August 1998 after confessing his adultery, and Substance abuse, substance and alcohol abuse to his then-wife. His elder son Garrett attended Azusa Pacific University, where he played college football as a running back. Steven Jr. attended Kilgore College, where he played tight end; on December 19, 2012, he committed to attend the University of Kentucky. After the 2015 NFL Draft, Steven Jr. was invited by the Kansas City Chiefs to try out for the team at their rookie mini-camp, but did not receive a contract offer.

Championships and accomplishments

* All Elite Wrestling
** AEW Dynamite Award (1 time)
*** "Biggest Surprise" (AEW Dynamite Awards#2021, 2021) – Debuting during the special AEW Winter Is Coming, Winter Is Coming episode of ''AEW Dynamite, Dynamite''
* Jim Crockett Promotions/World Championship Wrestling
** WCW World Television Championship, NWA World Television Championship (List of WCW World Television Champions, 1 time)
** NWA World Heavyweight Championship (List of NWA World Heavyweight Champions, 1 time)¹
** WCW International World Heavyweight Championship (List of WCW International World Heavyweight Champions, 2 times)
** WWE United States Championship, WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (List of WWE United States Champions, 2 times)
** WCW World Heavyweight Championship (List of WCW World Heavyweight Champions, 6 times)
** WCW World Tag Team Championship (List of WCW World Tag Team Champions, 3 times) – with Lex Luger (1), Big Show, The Giant (1), and Kevin Nash (1)
** Starrcade (1991), Battlebowl Battle Royal (1991)
** WCW tournaments#European Cup Tournament 2000, European Cup (1994, 2000)
** Starrcade (1989), Iron Man Tournament (1989)
** Jim Crockett, Sr. Memorial Cup Tag Team Tournament, Jim Crockett, Sr. Memorial Cup (Jim Crockett, Sr. Memorial Cup Tag Team Tournament#1988, 1988) – with Lex Luger
** WCW tournaments#King of Cable Tournament, King of Cable Tournament (1992)
** WCW tournaments#London Lethal Lottery Tag Team Tournament (2000), London Lethal Lottery Tag Team Tournament (2000) – with Scott Steiner
** WCW tournaments#WCW United States Championship Tournament (1991), WCW United States Championship Tournament (1991)
** WCW tournaments#WCW United States Championship Tournament (1995), WCW United States Championship Tournament (1995)
** Starrcade 1995, World Cup Of Wrestling (1995) - with Randy Savage, Lex Luger, Johnny B. Badd, Eddie Guerrero, Chris Benoit, and Alex Wright
** Third Triple Crown (professional wrestling)#List of WCW Triple Crown winners, WCW Triple Crown Champion
* ''Pro Wrestling Illustrated''
** List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards#Comeback of the Year, Comeback of the Year (2006, 2011, 2014)
** List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards#Match of the Year, Match of the Year (1991) with Lex Luger vs. the The Steiner Brothers, Steiner Brothers at SuperBrawl I
** List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards#Most Improved Wrestler of the Year, Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1988)
** List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards#Inspirational Wrestler of the Year, Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (1990)
** Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1991, 1992, 1994, 1997)
** List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards#Wrestler of the Year, Wrestler of the Year (1990)
** Ranked No. 1 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500, PWI 500'' in 1992
** Ranked No. 15 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the ''PWI Years'' in 2003
** Ranked No. 52 of the top 100 tag teams of the ''PWI Years'' with Lex Luger in 2003
*Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum, Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
**Class of 2018
* Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
** NWA World Heavyweight Championship (List of NWA World Heavyweight Champions, 1 time)²
** TNA World Heavyweight Championship (List of TNA World Heavyweight Champions, 4 times)
** TNA World Tag Team Championship (List of TNA World Tag Team Champions, 1 time) – with Kurt Angle
** Impact Wrestling tournaments#TNA World Heavyweight Championship Tournament (2009), TNA World Heavyweight Championship Tournament (First Bracket, 2009)
** TNA Hall of Fame (2012)
**Impact Year End Awards, TNA Year End Awards
***Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (2007)
***Match of the Year (2007)
***Match of the Year (2009)
* Universal Wrestling Federation
** UWF World Tag Team Championship (UWF World Tag Team Championship#Title history, 3 times) – with Eddie Gilbert (wrestler), Eddie Gilbert (2) and Rick Steiner (1)
* World Wrestling All-Stars
** WWA World Heavyweight Championship (WWA World Heavyweight Championship#Title history, 1 time)
* ''Wrestling Observer Newsletter''
** List of Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards#Match of the Year, Match of the Year (1988) vs. Ric Flair at Clash of the Champions I
** List of Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards#Most Charismatic, Most Charismatic (1988, 1992)
** List of Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards#Most Improved, Most Improved (1988)
** List of Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards#Most Unimproved, Most Unimproved (1990)
** List of Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards#Best Babyface, Best Babyface (1992)
** List of Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards#Worst Worked Match of the Year, Worst Worked Match of the Year (1995) vs. Tony Palmore at Battle 7
** Worst Worked Match of the Year (2011) vs. Jeff Hardy at Victory Road (2011), Victory Road
** Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2016)
* WWE
** WWE Hall of Fame ( Class of 2016)
** Slammy Award (2 times)
*** "This is Awesome" Moment of the Year (Slammy Award#2014 Slammy Awards, 2014) – Debuting to help Team John Cena, Cena defeat Team The Authority (professional wrestling), Authority at Survivor Series
*** "Surprise Return of the Year" (Slammy Award#2015 Slammy Awards, 2015) – as Seth Rollins' statue, and attacks Rollins on ''Raw''

¹ Won while the NWA World Heavyweight Championship was defended in World Championship Wrestling when WCW was part of the National Wrestling Alliance. The same goes for any other NWA championship or honor won after November 1988.

² Won while TNA obtained the sole rights to use the NWA World Heavyweight Championship through an agreement with the NWA.

See also

* Sting and Lex Luger
* The Blade Runners
* The Four Horsemen (professional wrestling), The Four Horsemen
* The Main Event Mafia
* The Varsity Club

Notes

References

Further reading

* ''Sting: The Moment of Truth'', Steve Borden with George King, Thomas Nelson, 2004,

External links

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Sting
on Twitter
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sting
1959 births
All Elite Wrestling personnel
American bodybuilders
American evangelicals
American male professional wrestlers
American Pentecostals
Elective mutes
Living people
NWA/WCW/WWE United States Heavyweight Champions
NWA World Heavyweight Champions
TNA World Heavyweight/Impact World Champions
TNA/Impact World Tag Team Champions
Professional wrestling authority figures
Professional wrestlers from Nebraska
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Sportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
The Four Horsemen (professional wrestling) members
New World Order (professional wrestling) members
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Impact Hall of Fame inductees
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Wrestling Observer Newsletter award winners
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
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