Stephen Moore, 2nd Earl Mount Cashell (19 March 1770 – 27 October 1822), styled Lord Kilworth between 1781 and 1790, was an
Anglo-Irish
Anglo-Irish people () denotes an ethnic, social and religious grouping who are mostly the descendants and successors of the English Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. They mostly belong to the Anglican Church of Ireland, which was the establis ...
politician.
Moore was the eldest son of
Stephen Moore, 1st Earl Mount Cashell
Stephen Moore, 1st Earl Mount Cashell PC (25 July 1730 – 14 May 1790), styled The Honourable Stephen Moore between 1764 and 1766 and known as The Viscount Mount Cashell between 1766 and 1781, was an Irish landowner and politician.
Early life ...
, and Lady Helena Rawdon, daughter of
John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira
John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira (17 March 1720 – 20 June 1793), known as Sir John Rawdon, Bt, between 1724 and 1750 and as The Lord Rawdon between 1750 and 1762, was an Irish peer.
Background
Rawdon was the only son of Sir John Rawdon, 3rd Baro ...
. He became known by the
courtesy title
A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title).
In some co ...
Lord Kilworth after his father was elevated to an earldom in 1781.
[thepeerage.com Stephen Moore, 2nd Earl Mountcashell](_blank)
/ref> He was returned to the Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive fra ...
for Clonmel
Clonmel () is the county town and largest settlement of County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland, Ireland. The town is noted in Irish history for its resistance to the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian army which sacked the towns of Dro ...
in May 1790, but was forced to resign his seat after only a few days on the death of his father. As the holder of an Irish peerage
The Peerage of Ireland consists of those titles of nobility created by the English monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland, or later by monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It is one of the five divisio ...
, Lord Mount Cashell was not allowed an automatic seat in the English House of Lords
The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the Bicameralism, upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by Life peer, appointment, Hereditary peer, heredity or Lords Spiritual, official function. Like the ...
on the formation of the Union in 1800. However, in 1815 he was elected an Irish Representative Peer
This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords after the Kingdom of Ireland was brought into union with the Kingdom of Great Britain. No new members were added to the House after ...
, replacing the deceased Earl of Westmeath
Earl of Westmeath is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1621 for Richard Nugent, Baron Delvin. During the Tudor era the loyalty of the Nugent family was often in question, and Richard's father, the sixth Baron, died in prison ...
, and was able to take his seat in the House of Lords.
Marriage and children
Lord Mount Cashell married Lady Margaret King
Margaret King (1773–1835), also known as Margaret King Moore, Lady Mount Cashell and Mrs Mason, was an Anglo-Irish hostess, and a writer of female-emancipatory fiction and health advice. Despite her wealthy aristocratic background, she had re ...
, daughter of Robert King, 2nd Earl of Kingston
Robert King, 2nd Earl of Kingston (1754 – 17 April 1799) was an Anglo-Irish peer. He was styled Viscount Kingsborough between 1768 and 1797.
Biography
He was the eldest surviving son of Edward King, 1st Earl of Kingston and Jane Caulfeild. From ...
, in 1791. Margaret's mother, Caroline FitzGerald, daughter of Richard FitzGerald
Richard Fitzgerald VC (December 1831, St. Finbar's, Cork, Ireland – 1884 in India) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross.
Details
He was approximately 25 years old, and a Gunner in the Bengal Horse Artillery, Bengal Army during the ...
M.P., had educated her children by hiring governesses, including the proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Wollstonecraft (, ; 27 April 1759 – 10 September 1797) was a British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. Until the late 20th century, Wollstonecraft's life, which encompassed several unconventional personal relationsh ...
. In 1794 George King, 3rd Earl of Kingston
George King, 3rd Earl of Kingston (9 April 1771 – 18 October 1839), styled Viscount Kingsborough from 1797 to 1799, was an Irish nobleman.
He was the son of Robert King, 2nd Earl of Kingston of Mitchelstown Castle, who he succeeded in 1799.
...
, Margaret's eldest brother, married Lady Helena Moore, Stephen's sister. Lord Mount Cashell acquired numerous other siblings-in-law, doubly closely bonded through the two marriages, including Henry
Henry may refer to:
People
*Henry (given name)
* Henry (surname)
* Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry
Royalty
* Portuguese royalty
** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal
** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...
, Edward
Edward is an English given name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”.
History
The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Sa ...
, and Robert
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...
King.
The couple had seven children. The second son, Robert, was born in 1793. The third son, Edward Moore, became a Canon of Windsor Cathedral. The eldest daughter, Helena, was born in March 1795. One of the younger daughters, Jane Elizabeth, married in 1819 William Yates Peel
William Yates Peel (3 August 1789 – 1 June 1858), was a British Tory politician.
Peel was the second son of Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, and his first wife Ellen (née Yates). He was the younger brother of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, ...
, from the political and merchant family.
The Grand Tour, and marital separation
In December 1801 the Cashells embarked on a grand tour
The Grand Tour was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a tuto ...
as a group of "nine Irish adventurers", including the diarist Catherine Wilmot
Katherine (or Catherine) Wilmot (c.1773 – 28 March 1824) was an Irish traveller and diarist. She made a Grand Tour from 1801 to 1803 and documented her experiences through letters, including encounters with notable figures like Napoleon B ...
. Wilmot wrote extensive letters home, some of which were published in 1920 as ''An Irish peer on the continent (1801–1803) being a narrative of the tour of Stephen, 2nd earl Mount Cashell, through France, Italy, etc.'' These describe much detail of the Cashells' life and habits, including their lavish entertaining, especially during the first nine months in Paris. In the French capital they met Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
, the radical English parliamentarian Charles James Fox
Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was the arch-riv ...
and, "up half a dozen flights of stairs, in a remote part of the town", Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...
.
In June 1802 the Cashells had another son, Richard Francis Stanislaus Moore, and Wilmot records that its godparents were William Parnel, "the Polish Countess Myscelska", and the American minister (presumably Robert Livingston, who was in post 1801–1804).
The resumption of war in Europe in March 1803 found the party in Florence. In 1804 they decamped to what they assumed was the relative safety of Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
. In Rome they were in the company of the Swiss painter, and founding member of the Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
in London, Angelica Kaufmann
Maria Anna Angelika Kauffmann ( ; 30 October 1741 – 5 November 1807), usually known in English as Angelica Kauffman, was a Swiss Neoclassical painter who had a successful career in London and Rome. Remembered primarily as a history painter, ...
; the epicure Lord Bristol, Bishop of Derry (who, in the Volunteer
Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve ...
crisis of 1783 is said to have imagined himself King of Ireland); the Cardinal Duke of York, brother to the Young Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart; and the Pope, Pius VII
Pope Pius VII ( it, Pio VII; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. Chiaramonti was also a m ...
, who in his gardens "very gallantly pull’d a hyacinth and gave it to Lady Mount Cashell’.
While in Rome, Margaret was introduced to George William Tighe
George William Tighe (25 February 1776March 1837) was an Irish agricultural theorist who spent much of his life in Italy. Through his marriage to Margaret King, he exerted an influence on the radical poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Agriculture and sc ...
(1776–1837) of Rosanna, Ashford, County Wicklow
Ashford (), historically known as ''Ballymacahara'' (), is a village in County Wicklow, Ireland. It lies on the River Vartry and at the meeting of the R772, R763 and R764 regional roads. The village was formerly on the main Dublin–Wexford ...
, an Anglo-Irish gentleman with an interest in agriculture and, in contrast to Stephen, with social and political views similar to her own. The two were instantly attracted and soon embarked on an affair, which in 1805 led to Stephen leaving her in Germany and returning to Ireland with their children. Women in her position, wishing to leave an unhappy marriage, had few rights, decades prior to legal reform in the passage of the Custody of Infants Act 1839
The Custody of Infants Act of 1839 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The bill was greatly influenced by the reformist opinions of Caroline Norton. Norton had a failed marriage with her husband. Her pamphlets arguing for the natur ...
, Matrimonial Causes Act 1857
The Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act reformed the law on divorce, moving litigation from the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts to the civil courts, establishing a model of marriage ...
, and Married Women's Property Act 1884
The Married Women's Property Act 1884 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that significantly altered English law regarding the property rights granted to married women, allowing them to own and control their own property, whether a ...
. Stephen and Margaret were legally separated in November 1812. He allowed her £800 a year and a settlement of her accumulated debts, but no contact with their children, and she never saw them again.
Death and succession
Lord Mount Cashell died in October 1822, aged 52, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Stephen
Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...
. The Countess Mount Cashell, who had left him circa 1803 for George William Tighe
George William Tighe (25 February 1776March 1837) was an Irish agricultural theorist who spent much of his life in Italy. Through his marriage to Margaret King, he exerted an influence on the radical poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Agriculture and sc ...
(by whom she had two more daughters, Lauretta and Nerina), died in January 1835.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mount Cashell, Stephen Moore, 2nd Earl
1770 births
1822 deaths
Irish MPs 1783–1790
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Earls in the Peerage of Ireland
Irish representative peers
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Tipperary constituencies