''Stenobrimus'' is a genus of medium-sized

stick insects The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida, Phasmatoptera or Spectra) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick-bugs, walking sticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as ...

native to the Philippines.

Characteristics

The representatives of this genus are much slimmer and longer-legged than all other representatives of the

Obriminae The Obriminae are the most species-rich subfamily of the Phasmatodea family Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia. It is divided into two tribe. Taxonomy The tribe Obrimini was created by Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1893 for the genera '' Obri ...

and correspond more to the typical habitus of stick insects. Depending on the species, spines are distributed at more or less regular intervals over the entire body and femurs. On the thorax and abdomen they are arranged in pairs or rings of four. The long males are relatively simply colored. The females are in size. They are downright colorful compared to males, depending on the species, and may have triangle or diamond patterns of green, light and dark brown colors on the thorax and anterior abdomen. The legs can also be banded with green and brown.

Distribution area

The species of this genus are native to various Philippine islands. ''

Stenobrimus bolivari ''Stenobrimus'' is a genus of medium-sized stick insects native to the Philippines. Characteristics The representatives of this genus are much slimmer and longer-legged than all other representatives of the Obriminae and correspond more to th ...

'' occurs in Luzon, for example, in the provinces of Quezon and

Laguna Laguna (Italian and Spanish for lagoon) may refer to: People * Abe Laguna (born 1992), American DJ known as Ookay * Andrés Laguna (1499–1559), Spanish physician, pharmacologist, and botanist * Ana Laguna (born 1955), Spanish-Swedish ballet d ...

. '' Stenobrimus tagalog'' comes from Polillo, a few kilometers off the southeast coast of Luzon. '' Stenobrimus lumad'' is native to Mindanao.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Stenobrimus'' was established by Joseph Redtenbacher in 1906 as a monotypic genus for the simultaneously described ''Stenobrimus bolivari'' within the

Obrimini The Obrimini are the most species-rich tribe of the Phasmatodea family of the Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia. Description The Obrimini differ from their sister tribe the Hoplocloniini by the structure of the secondary ovipositor ...

. Redtenbacher described the species using a female that the Spanish naturalist and

entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...

Ignacio Bolívar Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia (9 November 1850, Madrid – 19 November 1944, Mexico City) was a Spanish naturalist and entomologist, and one of the founding fathers of Spanish entomology. He helped found the ''Real Sociedad Española de Histor ...

had collected in Luzon in the area around Tayabas. The species name was chosen in his honor.

James Abram Garfield Rehn James Abram Garfield Rehn (October 26, 1881 – January 25, 1965) was an American entomologist who was a specialist on the New World Orthoptera. He worked at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, making several collection expeditions aro ...

and his son John W. H. Rehn described ''Stenobrimus tagalog'' in 1939 as the second species of the genus based on a male. The species name is dedicated to the Filipino ethnic group of the Tagalog.

Oliver Zompro Oliver Zompro is a German biologist who is credited with the discovery in 2002 of a new suborder of carnivorous African insects, Mantophasmatodea or "gladiators", which was originally considered to be a new insect order but was later relegated to ...

elevated the Obrimini to a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

in 2004 and divided them into three tribes. He assigned ''Stenobrimus'' to the Eubulidini together with ''

Eubulides Eubulides of Miletus ( grc, Εὐβουλίδης; fl. 4th century BCE) was a Greek philosopher of the Megarian school, a pupil of Euclid of Megara and a contemporary of Aristotle. He is famous for his logical paradoxes. Life Eubulides was a pu ...

'', '' Tisamenus'', ''Ilocano'' (today synonymous with ''Tisamenus''), ''

Hoploclonia ''Hoploclonia'' is the only genus of the tribe Hoplocloniini and brings together relatively small and darkly coloured Phasmatodea species. Characteristics The representatives of this genus are very small with 35 to 40 mm in the male a ...

'', ''

Heterocopus ''Heterocopus'' is a monotypic stick insect genus, containing ''Heterocopus leprosus'' as the only valid species. Description The few known specimens of the genus are medium-sized and completely wingless, hardly spined species. They are simila ...

'', ''Pterobrimus'' and ''Theramenes (insect), Theramenes''. A publication by Frank H. Hennemann et al. in 2016 moved back this tribe in and is now considered a Synonym (taxonomy), synonym for the Obrimini, into which the genus ''Stenobrimus'' was transferred back. Within the obrimini three generic groups were established. The one put forward for ''Stenobrimus'' is the only monotypic one because of the unique characters of the genus. Even if the genus groups do not exist according to a work based on Genetic analysis, genetic analyzes and published in 2021, the special position of ''Stenobrimus'' could be confirmed in principle. In 2010, ''Stenobrimus lumad'', whose species name is dedicated to the Lumad Indigenous peoples, indigenous people of Mindanao, was described. In 2023 ''Stenobrimus pilipinus'' was described from Cavinti. The species described so far are: * ''

'' Josef Redtenbacher (Entomologe), Redtenbacher, 1906 * '' Stenobrimus lumad'' Ireno L. Lit jr., Lit & Orlando L. Eusebio, Eusebio, 2010 * ''Stenobrimus pilipinus'' Eusebio, Lit & Lucañas, 2023 * '' Stenobrimus tagalog'' James Abram Garfield Rehn, Rehn & John W. H. Rehn, Rehn, 1939

Terraristic

In March 2008, Joachim Bresseel, Mark Bushell and Ellen Caluwe found specimens of ''Stenobrimus bolivari'' in Quezon National Forest Park, Quezon National Park. Thierry Heitzmann also found some specimens of this species in south-east Luzon in 2008. Heitzmann bred the species in the Philippines. In Europe, Tim Bollens and Rob Krijns initially bred them succeeded in the Netherlands. Various species of Fern, ferns were eaten. Breeding has not been successful in the long term and no species of the genus has been in breeding since about 2012.

References

Paul D. Brock, Brock, P. D.; Thies H. Büscher, Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. W
Phasmida Species File Online
Version 5.0/5.0 (accessdate 12 Juni 2023) Josef Redtenbacher (entomologist), Redtenbacher, J. (1906).
Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Vol. 1. Phasmidae Areolatae
'. Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 36–37 & plate I, fig. 1 & 1a James Abram Garfield Rehn, Rehn, J. A. G. & John William Holman Rehn, Rehn, J. W. H. (1939).
Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences (Vol. 90, 1938)
', Philadelphia, pp. 415–419 Oliver Zompro, Zompro, O.: ''Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea)''. Goecke & Evers Verlag, Keltern 2004, ISBN 3-931374-39-4, pp. 191–240. Dräger, H (2012) ''Gespenstschrecken der Familie Heteropterygidae Kirby, 1896 (Phasmatodea) – ein Überblick über bisher gehaltene Arten, Teil 3: Die Unterfamilie Obriminae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893, Triben Miroceramiini und Eubulidini Zompro, 2004'', ZAG Phoenix, Nr. 6. Juni 2012 Jahrgang 3(2), pp. 2–21, Frank H. Hennemann, Hennemann, F. H.; Oskar V. Conle, Conle, O. V.; Brock, P. D. & Francis Seow-Choen, Seow-Choen, F. (2016). ''Revision of the Oriental subfamiliy Heteropteryginae Kirby, 1896, with a re-arrangement of the family Heteropterygidae and the descriptions of five new species of Haaniella Kirby, 1904. (Phasmatodea: Areolatae: Heteropterygidae)'', Zootaxa 4159 (1), Magnolia Press, Auckland, New Zealand, Sarah Bank, Bank, S.; Buckley, T. R.; Büscher, T. H.; Joachim Bresseel, Bresseel, J.; Jérôme Constant, Constant, J.; de Haan, M.; Dittmar, D.; Dräger, H.; Kahar, R. S.; Kang, A.; Bruno Kneubühler (entomologist), Kneubühler, B.; Langton-Myers, S. & Bradler, S. (2021).
Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground-dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae)
', Systematic Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12472 Ireno L. Lit jr., Lit jr., I. L. (2010) ''The new spiny stick insect Stenobrimus lumad LIT & EUSEBIO, sp. nov. (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae: Eubulidini) – the first record of the genus from Mindanao Island, The Philippines, and some insights in the conservation of forest arthropods''. ARTHROPODA Generalis 1, pp. 1-12, figs. 1-7, Tim Bollens & Rob Krijns: ''Stenobrimus bolivari''; 2010. Phasma 20 (77). p. 10

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q10678651 Phasmatodea Phasmatodea genera Phasmatodea of Asia