Stein Rokkan (July 4, 1921 – July 22, 1979) was a
Norwegian
Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to:
*Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe
* Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway
* Demographics of Norway
*The Norwegian language, including ...
political scientist
Political science is the science, scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of politics, political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated c ...
and
sociologist. He was the first
professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...
of
sociology
Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of Empirical ...
at the
University of Bergen
The University of Bergen ( no, Universitetet i Bergen, ) is a research-intensive state university located in Bergen, Norway. As of 2019, the university has over 4,000 employees and 18,000 students. It was established by an act of parliament in 194 ...
and a principal founder of the discipline of
comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the ''comparative method'' or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relatin ...
. He founded the multidisciplinary Department of Sociology at the University of Bergen, which encompassed sociology, economics and political science and which had a key role in the postwar development of the social sciences in Norway.
Career
Stein Rokkan was born on the
Lofoten
Lofoten () is an archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway. Lofoten has distinctive scenery with dramatic mountains and peaks, open sea and sheltered bays, beaches and untouched lands. There are two towns, Svolvær ...
archipelago in the far north of Norway and raised in the nearby town of
Narvik
( se, Áhkanjárga) is the third-largest municipality in Nordland county, Norway, by population. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Narvik. Some of the notable villages in the municipality include Ankenesstranda, Ball ...
. Rokkan completed his gymnasium years in 1939, and he received a ''magister artium'' in
political philosophy
Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them. Its topics include politics, l ...
from the
University of Oslo
The University of Oslo ( no, Universitetet i Oslo; la, Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway. It is the highest ranked and oldest university in Norway. It is consistently ranked among the top universit ...
in 1948. Rokkan's studies were interrupted in 1943 when the German occupation closed the University of Oslo and he returned to the university after the liberation in 1945.
Rokkan then turned to empirical research, and studied at
Columbia University
Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...
, Chicago and the
London School of Economics
, mottoeng = To understand the causes of things
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £240.8 million (2021)
, budget = £391.1 millio ...
between 1949 and 1951. In the United States, Rokkan was a
Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America, after the Carneg ...
fellow at Columbia and Chicago from 1948 to 1950. At Columbia University, his work with
Paul Lazarsfeld
Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (February 13, 1901August 30, 1976) was an Austrian-American sociologist. The founder of Columbia University's Bureau of Applied Social Research, he exerted influence over the techniques and the organization of social resea ...
acquainted him with modern social research methods. At the London School of Economics, he met
T. H. Marshall
Thomas Humphrey Marshall (1893–1981) was an English sociologist who is best known for his essay " Citizenship and Social Class," a key work on citizenship that introduced the idea that full citizenship includes civil, political, and social ci ...
.
He subsequently worked at the
Norwegian Institute for Social Research
The Norwegian Institute for Social Research ( no, Institutt for samfunnsforskning, ISF) is a private social science research institute based in Oslo, Norway.
It was founded in 1950 by Vilhelm Aubert, Arne Næss, Eirik Rinde, and Stein Rokkan
...
(ISF) from 1951 until 1957, and moved to
Bergen
Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and is on the peninsula of ...
in 1958, where he worked at the
Chr. Michelsen Institute
The Chr. Michelsens Institutt for Videnskap og Åndsfrihet (CMI) was founded in 1930, and is currently the largest centre for development research in Scandinavia. In 1992, the Department for Natural Science and Technology established the ''Ch ...
from 1958 to 1966. In 1966 he became Professor of Political Sociology at the
University of Bergen
The University of Bergen ( no, Universitetet i Bergen, ) is a research-intensive state university located in Bergen, Norway. As of 2019, the university has over 4,000 employees and 18,000 students. It was established by an act of parliament in 194 ...
.
Over the years Rokkan was three times a fellow of the
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) is an interdisciplinary research lab at Stanford University that offers a residential postdoctoral fellowship program for scientists and scholars studying "the five core social a ...
, and a visiting professor at various universities (Manchester, Stanford, Geneva, the
London School of Economics
, mottoeng = To understand the causes of things
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £240.8 million (2021)
, budget = £391.1 millio ...
, the
Instituts d'études politiques
Instituts d'études politiques (), or IEPs, are ten publicly owned institutions of higher learning in France. They are located in Aix-en-Provence, Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lille, Lyon, Paris, Rennes, Strasbourg and Toulouse, and since 2014 Saint-Ge ...
in Paris. He also held a permanent appointment as Visiting Professor at
Yale University
Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wo ...
.
Rokkan co-founded, with
Shmuel Eisenstadt
Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt (Hebrew: שמואל נח אייזנשטדט 10 September 1923, Warsaw – 2 September 2010, Jerusalem) was an Israeli sociologist and writer. In 1959 he was appointed to a teaching post in the sociology department ...
,
Morris Janowitz
Morris Janowitz (October 22, 1919 – November 7, 1988) was an American sociologist and professor who made major contributions to sociological theory, the study of prejudice, urban issues, and patriotism. He was one of the founders of military ...
, and
Seymour Martin Lipset
Seymour Martin Lipset ( ; March 18, 1922 – December 31, 2006) was an American sociologist and political scientist (President of the American Political Science Association). His major work was in the fields of political sociology, trade union o ...
, the Committee on Political Sociology (CPS) of the
International Sociological Association
The International Sociological Association (ISA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific purposes in the field of sociology and social sciences. It is an international sociological body, gathering both individuals and national sociolo ...
(ISA) in 1960 and served as its secretary from 1960 to 1970. He was vice-president of the
International Sociological Association
The International Sociological Association (ISA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific purposes in the field of sociology and social sciences. It is an international sociological body, gathering both individuals and national sociolo ...
from 1966 to 1970; president of the
International Political Science Association
The International Political Science Association (IPSA), founded under the auspices of UNESCO in 1949, is an international scholarly association. IPSA is devoted to the advancement of political science in all parts of the world. During its histor ...
from 1970 to 1973; chairman (from 1970 to 1976) and co-founder of the
European Consortium for Political Research
The European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) is a scholarly association that supports and encourages the training, research and cross-national cooperation of many thousands of academics and graduate students specialising in political sci ...
(ECPR); and president of the
International Social Science Council
The International Social Science Council (ISSC) was an international non-governmental organization promoting the social sciences, including the economic and behavioural sciences. It was founded in Paris, France between 6 and 9 October 1952, un ...
(ISSC), which was founded by
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
, from 1973 to 1977.
Awards
Rokkan received many awards. He was a foreign honorary member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and ...
, a foreign associate of the
National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the Nati ...
of the United States, an international member of the
American Philosophical Society
The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and communit ...
, and a member of the Finnish and Norwegian Academies of Sciences. He received honorary degrees from the
University of Uppsala
Uppsala University ( sv, Uppsala universitet) is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation.
The university rose to significance during ...
in 1970, the
University of Helsinki
The University of Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin yliopisto, sv, Helsingfors universitet, abbreviated UH) is a public research university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish ''Åbo'') in 1640 as the ...
in 1971, and the
University of Geneva
The University of Geneva (French: ''Université de Genève'') is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in 1559 by John Calvin as a theological seminary. It remained focused on theology until the 17th centu ...
and the
University of Aarhus
Aarhus University ( da, Aarhus Universitet, abbreviated AU) is a public research university with its main campus located in Aarhus, Denmark. It is the second largest and second oldest university in Denmark. The university is part of the Coimbra Gr ...
in 1979.
Rokkan's work "Norway: Numerical Democracy and Corporate Pluralism" (1966) was selected for the
Norwegian Sociology Canon The Norwegian Sociology Canon ( no, Norsk sosiologisk kanon) is an award presented from 2009 to 2011 to 25 nonfiction texts that are considered to have had the greatest influence on sociology in Norway. The list of works was published in the journal ...
in 2009–2011 as one of 25 works that "had the greatest influence on sociology in Norway."
Norwegian Sociology Canon The Norwegian Sociology Canon ( no, Norsk sosiologisk kanon) is an award presented from 2009 to 2011 to 25 nonfiction texts that are considered to have had the greatest influence on sociology in Norway. The list of works was published in the journal ...
Academic research
After focusing on individual voters, he turned his attention to the study of
politics
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies ...
, especially the formation of political parties and
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
an
nation-state
A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group.
A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may inc ...
s.
Peter Flora
Peter Flora (*3 March 1944, in Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria) is an Austrian citizen and taught until his retirement in spring 2009 as a professor of sociology at the University of Mannheim. Peter Flora is a son of the Austrian drawer, caricaturist, gr ...
's overview of Rokkan's ''oeuvre'' points out that the "unity of Rokkan work stems from his constant concern with the European nation-state and its democratization."
"Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments"
In this 1967 co-authored work with
Seymour Martin Lipset
Seymour Martin Lipset ( ; March 18, 1922 – December 31, 2006) was an American sociologist and political scientist (President of the American Political Science Association). His major work was in the fields of political sociology, trade union o ...
, Rokkan introduced
critical juncture theory
Critical juncture theory focuses on critical junctures, i.e., large, rapid, discontinuous changes, and the long-term causal effect or historical legacy of these changes.
Critical junctures are turning points that alter the course of evolution of ...
and made a substantial contributions to
cleavage theory. Peter Flora notes that the "initial analysis of the origins of cleavage structures and their transformation into party systems appeared in 1965 ... in German" in a version that "carried Rokkan's name alone."
Seymour Lipset and Stein Rokkan (1967) and Rokkan (1970) introduced the idea that big discontinuous changes, such as the
reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
, the building of
nations
A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A nation is thus the collective identity of a group of people understood as defined by those ...
, and the
industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
, reflected conflicts organized around
social cleavages, such as the center-periphery, state-church, land-industry, and owner-worker cleavages. In turn, these big discontinuous changes could be seen as critical junctures because they generated social outcomes that subsequently remained "frozen" for extensive periods of time.
In more general terms, Lipset and Rokkan's model has three components:
* (1)
Cleavage. Strong and enduring conflicts that polarize a political system. Four such cleavages were identified:
** The center–periphery cleavage, a conflict between a central nation-building culture and ethnically linguistically distinct subject populations in the peripheries.
** The state–church cleavage, a conflict between the aspirations of a nation-state and the church.
** The land–industry cleavage, a conflict between landed interests and commercial/industrial entrepreneurs.
** The worker–employer cleavage, a conflict between owners and workers.
* (2) Critical juncture. Radical changes regarding these cleavages happen at certain moments.
* (3) Legacy. Once these changes occur, their effect endures for some time afterwards.
Rokkan (1970) added two points to these ideas. Critical junctures could set countries on divergent or convergent paths. Critical junctures could be "sequential," such that a new critical junctures does not totally erase the legacies of a previous critical juncture but rather modifies that previous legacy.
"The Structuring of Mass Politics in the Smaller European Democracies"
In this 1968 article, Rokkan elabores the idea that a process of democratization has to overcome four institutional thresholds:
* The "threshold of ''legitimation''," based on the "effective recognition of the right of petition, criticism, and demonstration against the regime."
* The "threshold of ''incorporation''," which revolved around the extension of "formal rights of participation" to opposition groups and their supporters.
* The "threshold of ''representation''," which involves the lowering of barriers so as "to make it easier" for "new movements" "to gain seats in the legislature."
* The "threshold of ''executive power''," which involves the "institutionalization of cabinet responsibility to legislative majorities."
Conceptual Maps of Europe
During the 1970s, Rokkan worked on the development of conceptual maps of Europe. These maps were presented in several chapters. These conceptual maps summarized the principles of geopolitical differentiation within Europe. Tilly remarks that these conceptual maps "cast new light on an old paradox: the fact that capitalism and national states grew up together, and presumably depended on each other in some way, yet capitalists and centers of capital accumulation often offered concerted resistance to the extension of state power."
Influence
Rokkan has been described as "one of the world's leading social scientists since World War II", "one of the great masters of comparative politics,", and "a leading international scholar during the second phase of the post-war social science with its foci on macro studies and international comparisons."
Rokkan has also been described as "one of the world's foremost researchers on
election
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office.
Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...
s" and "Norway's most influential social scientist of all times."
He influenced thinking about
cleavage,
comparative history
Comparative history is the comparison of different societies which existed during the same time period or shared similar cultural conditions.
The comparative history of societies emerged as an important specialty among intellectuals in the Enlight ...
,
party system
A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stabl ...
s and
Catalan nationalism
Catalan nationalism is the ideology asserting that the Catalans are a distinct nation.
Intellectually, modern Catalan nationalism can be said to have commenced as a political philosophy in the unsuccessful attempts to establish a federal state i ...
, among other topics. He helped launch a research tradition on
critical junctures.
Rokkan was the creator of a series of
models
A model is an informative representation of an object, person or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin ''modulus'', a measure.
Models c ...
for
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
and
nation
A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A nation is thus the collective identity of a group of people understood as defined by those ...
formations in Europe.
Rokkan, along with
T. H. Marshall
Thomas Humphrey Marshall (1893–1981) was an English sociologist who is best known for his essay " Citizenship and Social Class," a key work on citizenship that introduced the idea that full citizenship includes civil, political, and social ci ...
, is credited with the establishment of "what has become the standard narrative of the evolution of modern democratic citizenship."
He is also known as a pioneer of using computer technology in the
social science
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soc ...
s.
Legacy
The
Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research
The Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research is an academic honour awarded by the International Science Council, the University of Bergen and the European Consortium for Political Research, in memory of the political scientist a ...
has been awarded by the ISSC, the ECPR and the University of Bergen since 1981.
The Department of Comparative Politics has, since 1981, arranged an annual
Stein Rokkan Memorial Lecture as a tribute to his memor
The University of Bergen has a ''Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies'' and a Stein Rokkan Building at street address Nygårdsgaten 5.
Selected works
* McKeon, Richard, with Stein Rokkan (eds.). 1950. ''Democracy in a World of Tensions''. Paris: UNESCO
* Rokkan, Stein (ed.). 1962. ''Approaches to the Study of Political Participation'' (ed.), Bergen: CMI.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1966. "Norway: Numerical democracy and corporate pluralism." In R. A. Dahl (ed.), ''Political Oppositions in Western Democracies,'' pp. 70–115. New Haven: Yale University Press.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1966. “Electoral Mobilization, Party Competition and National Integration,” pp. 241–265, in LaPalombara, J. and Weiner, M., eds., ''Political Parties and Political Development''. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press.
* Merritt, Richard L. and Stein Rokkan (eds.). 1966. ''Comparing Nations''. New Haven: Yale University Press.
* Rokkan, Stein (ed.). 1966.''Data Archives for the Social Sciences''. Paris: Mouton.
* Lipset, Seymour M. and Stein Rokkan (eds.). 1967. ''Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives''. New York: Free Press.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1968. "The Structuring of Mass Politics in the Smaller European Democracies. A Developmental Typology." ''Comparative Studies in Society and History'' 10: 173-210.
* Rokkan, Stein (ed.). 1968. ''Comparative Research across Cultures and Nations''. Paris: Mouton.
* Rokkan, Stein, and Jean Meyriat (eds.). 1969. ''International Guide to Electoral Statistics''. Paris: Mouton.
* Dogan, Mattei, and Stein Rokkan (eds.). 1969. ''Quantitative Ecological Analysis''. Cambridge: MIT Press.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1970. ''Citizens Elections Parties. Approaches to the Comparative Study of the Processes of Development'' (Universitetsforlaget, Oslo; reprinted in European Classics of Political Science Series, Colchester. 2009).
* Allardt, Erik, and Stein Rokkan (eds.). 1970 ''Mass politics; studies in political sociology.'' New York: Free Press.
* Eisenstadt, S.N., and Stein Rokkan (eds). 1973-1974. ''Building States and Nations'' Vol. I-II. Beverly Hills: Sage.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1973. “Cities, States, and Nations: A Dimensional Model for the Study of Contrasts in Development,” pp. 73–97, in S.N. Eisenstadt and Stein Rokkan (eds), ''Building States and Nations. Models and Data Resources'' Vol. 1. London: Sage.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1974. “Entries, Voices, Exits: Towards a Possible Generalization of the Hirschman model.” ''Social Science Information'' 13 (1): 39-53.
* Rokkan, Stein 1975. “Dimensions of State Formation and Nation Building: a Possible Paradigm for Research Variation within Europe," in Charles Tilly (ed.) ''The Formation of National States in Europe.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1981. “Territories, Nations, Parties: Toward a Geoeconomic-Geopolitical Model for the Explanation of Variation Within Europe,” pp. 70–95, in Richard Merritt and Bruce Russett (eds.), ''From National Development to Global Community''. London: George Allen & Unwin.
* Rokkan, Stein, and Derek Urwin (eds.). 1982. ''The Politics of Territorial Identity''. New York: Sage.
* Rokkan, Stein, and Derek Urwin. 1983. ''Economy, Territory, Identity: The Politics of the European Peripheries''. London: Sage.
* Rokkan, Stein. 1999. ''State Formation, Nation-Building, and Mass Politics in Europe: The Theory of Stein Rokkan.'' Edited by Peter Flora. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
compilation of various works by Rokkan.
Resources on Rokkan and his research
* Allardt, Erik, "Stein Rokkan and the Twentieth Century Social Science," Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, Bergen University Research Foundation. 2003, Working Paper 14 - 2003.
* Berntzen, Einar, and Per Selle, "Structure and Social Action in Stein Rokkan’s Work." ''Journal of Theoretical Politics'' 2(2) (1990): 131-149.
* Berntzen, Einar, and Per Selle, "Values Count but Institutions Decide: The Stein Rokkan Approach in Comparative Political Sociology.“ ''Scandinavian Political Studies'' vol. 15, no. 4 (1992): 289–306.
* Bornschier, Simon, "Cleavage Politics in Old and New Democracies." ''Living Reviews in Democracy'' Vol. 1 (2009): 1-13
* Caramani, Daniele, "Stein Rokkan: The Macro-Sociological Fresco of State, Nation and Democracy in Europe," in M. Bull et al. (eds.), ''Masters of Political Science'' Volume 2. London: Routledge/ECPR series, 2011.
* Caramani, Daniele, "Rokkan, Stein," in Kurian, G. (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Political Science. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2010.
* Daalder, Hans, "Stein Rokkan 1921–1979: A Memoir." ''European Journal of Political Research'' 7 (1979): 337–355.
* Daalder, Hans, 'Europe's comparatist from the Norwegian periphery. Stein Rokkan 1921-1979', in Idem (ed.), ''Comparative European Politics. The Story of a Profession''. London: Pinter, 1997, pp 26–39).
* Dahl, R., & Lorwin, V. (1980). "Stein Rokkan." ''PS: Political Science & Politics'' 13(1), 110-111. doi:10.1017/S104909650000823
* Ertman, Thomas, "Otto Hintze, Stein Rokkan and Charles Tilly’s theory of European state-building,"p. 52-70, in Lars Bo Kaspersen and Jeppe Strandsbjerg (eds.), ''Does War make States?: Investigations of Charles Tilly's Historical Sociology'' (2017).
* Flora, Peter, “Introduction and Interpretation,” pp. 1–91, in Peter Flora (ed.), ''State Formation, Nation-Building, and Mass Politics in Europe: The Theory of Stein Rokkan.'' Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1999.
* Flora, Peter, "Rokkan, Stein (1921–79)," pp. 744–47, ''International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences'' 2nd edition, Volume 20 (2001).
* Mjøset, Lars. "Stein Rokkan’s Thick Comparisons." ''Acta Sociologica'' 43(4)(2000): 381-397. doi:10.1177/000169930004300411
* Mjøset, Lars. "Stein Rokkan’s Methodology of Macro-Historical Comparison," ''Comparative Sociology'' 14(4)(2015): 508-547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341356
* Saelen, K. "Stein Rokkan: A bibliography," pp. 525–553, In P. Torsvik (ed.), Mobilization, Center-Periphery Structures and Nation-Building, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1981.
* Seiler, Daniel Louis, "The legacy of Stein Rokkan for European polities: a short tribute." In: José M. Magone (ed.), ''Routledge Handbook of European Politics'' (2015).
* Stubhaug, Arild, ''Stein Rokkan. Fra periferi til sentrum.''
'Stein Rokkan: A Man of Several Worlds'' Bergen: Vigmostad & Bjørke.
biography of Stein Rokkan* Tilly, Charles, "Stein Rokkan's Conceptual Map of Europe" 1981-0
* Tilly, Charles, ''Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons.'' New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1984; Chapter 8.
* Tilly, Charles, "Stein Rokkan and Political Identities," in Charles Tilly, ''Stories, Identities, and Political Change''. Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.
* Torsvik, Per (ed.), ''Mobilization, Center-Periphery Structures and Nation-Building: A Volume in Commemoration of Stein Rokkan.'' Bergen, Norway: Universitetsforlaget, and New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.
See also
*
*
*
*
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*
*
References
External links
Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies in BergenDepartment of comparative politics in BergenNorwegian Social Science Data Archives, co-founded and later led by Rokkan
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rokkan, Stein
1921 births
1979 deaths
Norwegian political scientists
Norwegian sociologists
Academic staff of the University of Bergen
University of Oslo alumni
International Political Science Association scholars
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the American Philosophical Society
20th-century political scientists