''Stegomyia'' is a large

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between ...

of the

mosquito Mosquitoes (or mosquitos) are members of a group of almost 3,600 species of small flies within the family Culicidae (from the Latin ''culex'' meaning " gnat"). The word "mosquito" (formed by ''mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish for "li ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

''Aedes'' with 131

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

classified in six species groups (group uncertain for one species), two groups of which are further divided into subgroups.

Bionomics and disease relations

The immature stages of species of subgenus ''Stegomyia'' are found in natural and artificial containers. Typical habitats are tree holes, but many species inhabit small amounts of water contained in dead and fallen

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae excl ...

parts. A few species utilise rock holes, crab holes and the leaf axils of various plants. Eggs are normally resistant to desiccation and hatch when the habitat is filled with water. Females are typically diurnal and many species (approximately 50) are known to bite humans. They also feed on a variety of domestic and wild animals, including

mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...

reptile Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the class Reptilia ( ), a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, squamates ( lizards and snakes) and rhynchocephalia ...

s and

amphibian Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arbo ...

s. Subgenus ''Stegomyia'' is a medically important group. '' Ae. aegypti'' is the classical vector of

yellow fever Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration. In most cases, symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains – particularly in the back – and headaches. Symptoms typically improve within five days. ...

and

dengue fever Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic ...

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsk ...

es and a proven vector of other

es. '' Ae. albopictus'' is also an important vector of

. Other recognised vectors of

include '' Ae. africanus'' and '' Ae. luteocephalus'' in areas of

central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known a ...

and

western Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Maurita ...

and '' Ae. bromeliae'' in

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historica ...

. Some species of the ''Scutellaris Group'' are efficient vectors of

Wuchereria bancrofti ''Wuchereria bancrofti'' is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. It is one of the three parasitic worms, together with ''Brugia malayi'' and '' B. timori'', that infect the lymphatic ...

in the

South Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

. Various arbo viruses have been isolated from other species of the subgenus.

Distribution

Species of subgenus ''Stegomyia'' have distributions in the

Afrotropical The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ...

, Australasian and Oriental Regions. Two species, '' Ae. aegypti'' and '' Ae. albopictus'', have been transported to areas of the

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

and Palaearctic Regions by human agency.

Species

The subgenus ''Stegomyia'' contains 131 species *''

Aedes aegypti ''Aedes aegypti'', the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents. The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its l ...

'' - yellow fever mosquito, *''

Aedes africanus ''Aedes africanus'' is a species of mosquito that is found on the continent of Africa with the exclusion of Madagascar. Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Systematic Catalog of Culicidae, ''Aedes aegypti'' and ''Aedes africanus'' are the two main ...

'' yellow fever mosquito *'' Aedes agrihanensis'' *''

Aedes albopictus ''Aedes albopictus'' (''Stegomyia albopicta''), from the mosquito (Culicidae) family, also known as the (Asian) tiger mosquito or forest mosquito, is a mosquito native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. In the past few cen ...

'' - forest day mosquito, Asian tiger mosquito, tiger mosquito *'' Aedes alcasidi'' *'' Aedes alorensis'' *'' Aedes amaltheus'' *'' Aedes andrewsi'' *'' Aedes angustus'' *'' Aedes annandalei'' *'' Aedes aobae'' *'' Aedes apicoargenteus'' *'' Aedes bambusae'' *'' Aedes blacklocki'' *''

Aedes bromeliae ''Aedes'' is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except perhaps Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity: ''Aedes albopictus'', a particularly invasive spe ...

'' *'' Aedes burnsi'' *'' Aedes calceatus'' *'' Aedes chaussieri'' *'' Aedes chemulpoensis'' *'' Aedes contiguus'' *'' Aedes cooki'' *'' Aedes corneti'' *'' Aedes craggi'' *'' Aedes cretinus'' *'' Aedes daitensis'' *'' Aedes deboeri'' *'' Aedes demeilloni'' *'' Aedes denderensis'' *'' Aedes dendrophilus'' *'' Aedes desmotes'' *'' Aedes dybasi'' *'' Aedes ealaensis'' *'' Aedes edwardsi'' *'' Aedes ethiopiensis'' *'' Aedes flavopictus'' *'' Aedes fraseri'' *'' Aedes futunae'' *'' Aedes gallois'' *'' Aedes galloisiodes'' *'' Aedes gandaensis'' *'' Aedes gardnerii'' *'' Aedes grantii'' *'' Aedes guamensis'' *'' Aedes gurneyi'' *'' Aedes hakanssoni'' *'' Aedes hansfordi'' *'' Aedes hebrideus'' *'' Aedes heischi'' *'' Aedes hensilli'' *'' Aedes hogsbackensis'' *'' Aedes hoguei'' *'' Aedes horrescens'' *'' Aedes josiahae'' *'' Aedes katherinensis'' *'' Aedes keniensis'' *'' Aedes kenyae'' *'' Aedes kesseli'' *'' Aedes kivuensis'' *'' Aedes krombeini'' *'' Aedes langata'' *'' Aedes ledgeri'' *'' Aedes lilii'' *''

Aedes luteocephalus ''Aedes luteocephalus'' is an African species that is a demonstrated or suspected vector of several important arboviral diseases of humans.J.-P. Mutebi, M. B. Crabtree, R. C. Kading, A. M. Powers, J. J. Lutwama, B. R. Miller. 2012. Mosquitoes of ...

'' *'' Aedes maehleri'' Bohart, 1957 *'' Aedes malayensis'' *'' Aedes malikuli'' *'' Aedes marshallensis'' *'' Aedes mascarensis'' *'' Aedes masseyi'' *'' Aedes matinglyorum'' *'' Aedes maxgermaini'' *'' Aedes mediopunctatus'' *'' Aedes metallicus'' ( *'' Aedes mickevichae'' *'' Aedes mpusiensis'' *'' Aedes muroafcete'' *'' Aedes neoafricanus'' *'' Aedes neogalloisi'' *'' Aedes neopandani'' *'' Aedes njombiensis'' *'' Aedes novalbopictus'' *'' Aedes opok'' *'' Aedes palauensis'' *'' Aedes pandani'' *'' Aedes patriciae'' *'' Aedes paullusi'' *'' Aedes pernotatus'' *'' Aedes perplexus'' *'' Aedes pia'' *'' Aedes polynesiensis'' *'' Aedes poweri'' *'' Aedes pseudoafricanus'' *'' Aedes pseudoalbopictus'' *'' Aedes pseudonigeria'' *'' Aedes pseudoscutellaris'' *'' Aedes quasiscutellaris'' *'' Aedes rhungkiangensis'' *'' Aedes riversi'' *'' Aedes robinsoni'' *'' Aedes rotanus'' *'' Aedes rotumae'' *'' Aedes ruwenzori'' *'' Aedes saimedres'' *'' Aedes saipanensis'' *'' Aedes sampi'' *'' Aedes schwetzi'' *''

Aedes scutellaris ''Aedes scutellaris'' is a mosquito found in Ambon Island, Ambon, Aru Islands, Seram Island, Seram, New Guinea. It is a vector for the dengue virus. References

Aedes, scutellaris Insects described in 1859 Dengue fever {{Culicidae-stub ...

'' *'' Aedes scutoscriptus'' *'' Aedes seampi'' *'' Aedes seatoi'' *'' Aedes segermanae'' *'' Aedes sibiricus'' *'' Aedes simpsoni'' *'' Aedes soleatus'' *'' Aedes strelitziae'' *'' Aedes subalbopictus'' *'' Aedes subargenteus'' *'' Aedes tabu'' *'' Aedes tongae'' *'' Aedes tulagiensis'' *'' Aedes unilineatus'' *'' Aedes upolensis'' *'' Aedes usambara'' *'' Aedes varuae'' *'' Aedes vinsoni'' *'' Aedes w-albus'' *'' Aedes wadai'' *'' Aedes woodi''

References

Aedes Insect subgenera {{Culicidae-stub