The State of Buryat-Mongolia (
Buryat: ''Буряад-Монгол улас'' ''ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰ'') was a buffer
Buryat-Mongolian state,
[''Бабаков В. В.'', Бурнацком - Бурнардума: первый опыт национально-государственного строительства в Бурятии, Улан-Удэ, 1997 г.] during the
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
. It was established according to by the first All-Buryat congress on 25 April 1917. The main government body was
Burnatskom, the Buryat National Committee.
After the collapse of the Soviet regime under the advance of the
Whites
White is a racialized classification of people and a skin color specifier, generally used for people of European origin, although the definition can vary depending on context, nationality, and point of view.
Description of populations as " ...
and the Czechoslovakian division, the State of Buryat-Mongolia was recognized by the Soviets in 1918, and later by
Grigory Semyonov's Government of
Transbaikalia
Transbaikal, Trans-Baikal, Transbaikalia ( rus, Забайка́лье, r=Zabaykalye, p=zəbɐjˈkalʲjɪ), or Dauria (, ''Dauriya'') is a mountainous region to the east of or "beyond" (trans-) Lake Baikal in Far Eastern Russia.
The steppe and ...
.
The state de facto ceased to exist after the formation of the
Far Eastern Republic
The Far Eastern Republic ( rus, Дальневосто́чная Респу́блика, ДВР, r=Dalnevostochnaya Respublika, DVR, p=dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstotɕnəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally indep ...
, which divided Buryat-Mongolia in two: 4
''aimags'' became part of the Far Eastern Republic, while the other 4 formed Buryat-Mongol
autonomies
Autonomies ( he, אוטונומיות) is an Israeli dystopian drama miniseries created by Ori Elon and Yehonatan Indursky. The story is set in an alternate reality of present day Israel, a nation torn and divided by a wall into the secular “St ...
of RSFSR.
History
After the declaration of independence from China in 1911 by
Outer Mongolia
Outer Mongolia was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gained ''de facto' ...
, a national liberation movement arose in Buryat-Mongolia, which sought reunification with Mongolia. The provisional government established during the
February Revolution
The February Revolution ( rus, Февра́льская револю́ция, r=Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya, p=fʲɪvˈralʲskəjə rʲɪvɐˈlʲutsɨjə), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and somet ...
was unable to maintain control over the distant regions of Russia, including Buryat-Mongolia, given multiple political groups:
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
, monarchists, pan-Mongolists, and others. On April 25, 1917, the First All-Buryat Congress was proclaimed, creating the State of Buryat-Mongolia.
The project of the state was proposed by Mikhail Bogdanov. According to him, Buryat-Mongolia included the lands around
Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal (, russian: Oзеро Байкал, Ozero Baykal ); mn, Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur) is a rift lake in Russia. It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Repu ...
, inhabited by the Buryats. A striped national-territorial structure was created. The lands of Buryat-Mongolia were interspersed with lands inhabited by Russians, and the state did not have a single territory. At the First All-Buryat Congress, the division of the Buryat lands into ''somons'', ''khoshuns'' and ''aimaks'' was adopted. The highest state body was "Buryad-Mongol ulasyn suglaan" - Burnatsky , located in
Chita with a branch in
Irkutsk
Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and mn, Эрхүү, ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 617,473 as of the 2010 Census, Irkutsk is ...
. Burnatsky led an independent financial policy, including collecting taxes by 1919.
In 1918, due to the establishment of the power of Ataman
Semyonov in
Transbaikal
Transbaikal, Trans-Baikal, Transbaikalia ( rus, Забайка́лье, r=Zabaykalye, p=zəbɐjˈkalʲjɪ), or Dauria (, ''Dauriya'') is a mountainous region to the east of or "beyond" (trans-) Lake Baikal in Far Eastern Russia.
The steppe and ...
, some members of the Burnatsky Committee left. In their place, supporters of the
White Russians were introduced. In the autumn of 1919, Burnatsky, transformed into Burnardum, was defeated due to disagreement with Semyonov, however, he announced his departure only in October 1920.
The State of Buryat-Mongolia in 1921 was divided between the RSFSR and the Far Eastern Republic . In the latter, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Oblast was formed in April 1921 . In January 1922, the Mongolian-Buryat Autonomous Oblast was formed in the RSFSR.
Notes
References
{{reflist
History of Mongolia
Post–Russian Empire states
1910s establishments in Mongolia
20th-century disestablishments in Mongolia