Stanisława Popielska (born c. 1893) most well known as Stanisława P. was a Polish spiritualist

medium Medium may refer to: Science and technology Aviation *Medium bomber, a class of war plane * Tecma Medium, a French hang glider design Communication * Media (communication), tools used to store and deliver information or data * Medium of ...

who was alleged to have produced ectoplasm and the psychokinetic movement of objects. In 1913, Stanisława was investigated by the psychical researcher

Albert von Schrenck-Notzing Albert Freiherr von Schrenck-Notzing (18 May 1862 – 12 February 1929) was a German physician, psychiatrist and notable psychical researcher, who devoted his time to the study of paranormal events connected with mediumship, hypnotism and telep ...

. During the séances a number of flashlight photographs were taken, he published a book on the subject of materializations and declared her ectoplasm to be genuine. Schrenck-Notzing's experiments with the medium were criticized for their poor controls and he was accused by scientists of being the victim of fraud after his book was published. Mathilde Ludendorff who attended a séance stated she had observed the ectoplasm to be made of

gauze Gauze is a thin, translucent fabric with a loose open weave. In technical terms "gauze" is a weave structure in which the weft yarns are arranged in pairs and are crossed before and after each warp yarn keeping the weft firmly in place. ...

and it was attached to a secret thread that was pinned to the cabinet. In 1930, Stanisława was discredited at the Institut Métapsychique by Eugéne Osty as she was caught cheating. Secret flashlight photographs that were taken revealed that her hand was free and she had moved objects on the séance table. Osty concluded that she was a comedic medium, and her psychokinetic phenomena was fraudulent.Osty, Eugene. (1930). ''Le medium Stanislawa P. a f'Jnstitui metapsychique dc Paris: Comedic mediumniquc''. Revue meuspiyebique, no. 6 (Paris: Alcan): pp. 515-528.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:P., Stanislawa 1890s births Psychokineticists Spiritual mediums Spiritualists 20th-century Polish women Polish fraudsters Year of death missing