Count Stanisław Tarnowski (7 November 1837 – 31 December 1917) was a Polish nobleman (''

szlachcic The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, a ...

''), historian, literary critic and publicist.

Life

He was born on 7 November 1837 and hailed from an aristocratic family. His father was Jan Bogdan and mother Gabriela ''née'' Małachowska. He had two brothers: Jan and Juliusz. He attended St. Anne Gymnasium between 1850–1854 and later studied law and philology at the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (, UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and one of the List of oldest universities in con ...

(1855–1858). In the course of his studies he made several trips abroad including to

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

and the

Holy Land The term "Holy Land" is used to collectively denote areas of the Southern Levant that hold great significance in the Abrahamic religions, primarily because of their association with people and events featured in the Bible. It is traditionall ...

. He continued his philological education in

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

and became involved in the activities of Hotel Lambert. During his stay in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

he worked in the political bureau of the organization and collaborated with

Julian Klaczko Julian Klaczko (6 November 1825, Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius) – 26 November 1906, Kraków) was a Polish author, proficient in Hebrew, Polish, French, and German. He was born Jehuda Lejb into a wealthy Jewish family. At the age of 17 he published ...

and Valerian Kalinka. During the

January Uprising The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at putting an end to Russian occupation of part of Poland and regaining independence. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last i ...

, Tarnowski was connected with the (

White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

) liberal-

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ...

political faction. He was imprisoned from 1863 to 1865 by the

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

n authorities. After his release from prison in

Olomouc Olomouc (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the Statutory city (Czech Republic), sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region. Located on the Morava (rive ...

, he returned to the country and together with Stanisław Koźmian,

Józef Szujski Józef Szujski (16 June 1835 – 7 February 1883) was a Polish politician, historian, poet and professor of the Jagiellonian University. Life Szujski was born on 16 June 1835 in Tarnów. He studied at Tarnów, then at Kraków (1854) and at Vi ...

and Ludwik Wodzicki he founded the ''Przegląd Polski'' quarterly. The first copy was issued on 1 July 1866. In 1868, he co-authored '' Teka Stańczyka'', a series of satirical

pamphlet A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a Hardcover, hard cover or Bookbinding, binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a ''leaflet'' ...

s on the political situation in Galicia published in the ''Przegląd'' magazine. From 1867 Tarnowski served as member of the ''

Sejm The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People' ...

'' in Galicia. In 1885 he became a member of the '' Herrenhaus'' in

. Between 1871 and 1909, he was a professor and twice Rector of Jagiellonian University. From 1873 he was a member, and from 1890 to 1917 chairman, of the '' Akademia Umiejetnosci'' (Polish Academy of Learning). He died in 1918 in Kraków and was buried at the

Rakowicki Cemetery Rakowicki Cemetery (English: ; ) is a historic necropolis and a cultural heritage monument located on 26 Rakowicka Street in Kraków, Poland. It lies within the Administrative District No. 1 ''Stare Miasto'' meaning "Old Town" – distinct from ...

in the Branicki family tomb. In 1937, his family transferred his body to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Dzików in his hometown.

Works

* ''Frycz Modrzewski o poprawie Rzeczypospolitej'' (1867) * ''Rozprawa o Juliuszu Słowackim'' (1867) * ''O Łukaszu Górnickim'' (1868) * ''O Piotrze Grabowskim'' (1869) * ''O korespondencyi Mickiewicza'' (1870) * ''O księdzu Kaysiewiczu'' (1873) * ''O Krzysztofie Warszewickim'' (1874) * ''Pisarze polit. XVI w.'' (t. 1-2 1886) * ''Ksiadz Waleryan Kalinka'

(1887) * ''

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before ...

'' (1888) * '' Zygmunt Krasiński'' (1892) * '' Matejko'' (1897) * ''

'' (t. 1-2 1909) * ''Studia o A. Fredrze, H. Rzewuskim, H. Sienkiewiczu, zbiór Rozprawy i sprawozdania'' (t. 1-4 1895–1898) * ''Synteza Historia literatury polskiej'' (t. 1-5 1900, t. 6 cz. 1-2 1905–1907

* ''Julian Klaczko'' (1909) * ''Wybór studiów O literaturze polskiej XIX wieku'' (1977).

Honours

Order of Franz Joseph The Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph () was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on 2 December 1849, on the first anniversary of his accession to the imperial throne. Classes The order was originally awarded in three classes: ''G ...

(Austria) * Imperial Order of Leopold (Austria) *Decoration for Science and Art (Austria-Hungary) * Litteris et Artibus (Sweden) *

Order of Pope Pius IX The Order of Pope Pius IX (), also referred as the Pian Order (, ), is a papal order of knighthood originally founded by Pope Pius IV in 1560. It is the highest honor currently conferred by the Holy See (two higher honors, the Supreme Order of C ...

(Vatican) *

Order of Polonia Restituta The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on alien (law), foreigners for outstanding achievements in ...

(Poland)

Gallery

File:Stanislaw Tarnowski.jpg, Stanisław Tarnowski as Rector of Jagiellonian University by

Jan Matejko Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large scale ...

File:Stanisław Tarnowski - fotografia Ludwiga Angerera z roku 1863..png, Stanisław Tarnowski, photo made by Ludwig Angerer in Vienna in 1863 File:Odczyt prof. Stanisława hr. Tarnowskiego w Sali Ratuszowej w Warszawie (59095).jpg, Lecture of Count Stanisław Tarnowski in the Warsaw Town Hall, 1886 File:POL COA Tarnowski hrabia.svg, Leliwa coat of arms

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarnowski, Stanislaw 1837 births 1917 deaths People from Tarnobrzeg Counts of Poland Polish Roman Catholics Polish Austro-Hungarians Polish politicians Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1867–1870) Members of the House of Lords (Austria) Members of the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria Historians from Austria-Hungary Conservatism in Poland Polish male non-fiction writers Polish publicists Polish male writers Polish conservatives 19th-century Polish historians 20th-century Polish historians Jagiellonian University alumni Academic staff of Jagiellonian University Rectors of the Jagiellonian University Litteris et Artibus recipients