HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The stadion (plural stadia, grc-gre, ; latinized as
stadium A stadium ( : stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand o ...
), also
anglicized Anglicisation is the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by English culture or British culture, or a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-English becomes English. It can also refer to the influen ...
as stade,
was Was or WAS may refer to: * ''Was'', a past-tense form of the English copular verb ''to be'' People * David Was (born c. 1952), the stage name of multi-instrumentalist and songwriter David Weiss * Don Was (born 1952), the stage name of bass gui ...
an ancient Greek unit of
length Length is a measure of distance. In the International System of Quantities, length is a quantity with dimension distance. In most systems of measurement a base unit for length is chosen, from which all other units are derived. In the Inte ...
, consisting of 600 Ancient Greek feet (''podes'').


Calculations

According to
Herodotus Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria ( Italy). He is known for ...
, one stadium was equal to 600 Greek feet (''podes''). However, the length of the foot varied in different parts of the Greek world, and the length of the stadion has been the subject of argument and hypothesis for hundreds of years. An empirical determination of the length of the stadion was made by Lev Vasilevich Firsov, who compared 81 distances given by
Eratosthenes Eratosthenes of Cyrene (; grc-gre, Ἐρατοσθένης ;  – ) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexand ...
and Strabo with the straight-line distances measured by modern methods, and
average In ordinary language, an average is a single number taken as representative of a list of numbers, usually the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list (the arithmetic mean). For example, the average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, ...
d the results. He obtained a result of about . Various equivalent lengths have been proposed, and some have been named. Among them are: Which measure of the stadion is used can affect the interpretation of ancient texts. For example, the error in the calculation of Earth's circumference by
Eratosthenes Eratosthenes of Cyrene (; grc-gre, Ἐρατοσθένης ;  – ) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexand ...
or
Posidonius Posidonius (; grc-gre, wikt:Ποσειδώνιος, Ποσειδώνιος , "of Poseidon") "of Apamea (Syria), Apameia" (ὁ Ἀπαμεύς) or "of Rhodes" (ὁ Ῥόδιος) (), was a Greeks, Greek politician, astronomer, astrologer, geog ...
is dependent on which stadion is chosen to be appropriate.


Other uses

From the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
on, the word ''stadium'' has been used as a synonym for the
furlong A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and United States customary units equal to one eighth of a mile, equivalent to 660 feet, 220 yards, 40 rods, 10 chains or approximately 201 metres. It is now mostly confined to use i ...
(which is 220 yards, equal to one eighth of a
mile The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 Engli ...
), which is of Old English origin.


See also

* Ancient Egyptian units of measurement * Ancient Greek units of measurement#Length *
Earth's circumference Earth's circumference is the distance around Earth. Measured around the Equator, it is . Measured around the poles, the circumference is . Measurement of Earth's circumference has been important to navigation since ancient times. The first kn ...


References

{{Reflist, refs= C.F. Lehmann-Haupt (1929) "Stadion"; in August Friedrich von Pauly (ed.), ''Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft''. Stuttgart: Metzler; cited in: Edward Gulbekian (1987)
The Origin and Value of the Stadion Unit used by Eratosthenes in the Third Century BC
''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'' 37 (4): 359–363. {{doi, 10.1007/BF00417008. {{subscription required.
Otto Cuntz (1923)
''Die Geographie des Ptolemaeus: Galliae, Germania, Raetia, Noricum, Pannoniae, Illyricum, Italia''
(in German). Berlin: Weidmann. Cited by: Edward Gulbekian (1987)
The Origin and Value of the Stadion Unit used by Eratosthenes in the Third Century BC
''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'' 37 (4): 359–363. {{doi, 10.1007/BF00417008. {{subscription required.
D.R. Dicks (1960). ''The Geographical Fragments of Hipparchus. Edited with an Introduction and Commentary''. London: Athlone Press. Cited in: J. L. Berggren, Alexander Jones (2000)
Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters
Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN, 9780691010427.
Donald Engels (1985)
The Length of Eratosthenes' Stade
''American Journal of Philology'' 106 (3): 298–311. {{doi, 10.2307/295030 {{subscription required.
Edward Gulbekian (1987)
The Origin and Value of the Stadion Unit used by Eratosthenes in the Third Century BC
''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'' 37 (4): 359–363. {{doi, 10.1007/BF00417008. {{subscription required.
J. L. Berggren, Alexander Jones (2000)
Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters
Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN, 9780691010427.
Obsolete units of measurement Ancient Greek units of measurement Units of length Units of measurement in surveying