Square Truncated Trapezohedron

geometry Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is c ...

, the square truncated trapezohedron is the second in an infinite series of

truncated trapezohedra In geometry, an truncated trapezohedron is a polyhedron formed by a trapezohedron with pyramids truncated from its two polar axis vertices. If the polar vertices are completely truncated (diminished), a trapezohedron becomes an antiprism. T ...

. It has 8

pentagon In geometry, a pentagon (from the Greek πέντε ''pente'' meaning ''five'' and γωνία ''gonia'' meaning ''angle'') is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon. The sum of the internal angles in a simple pentagon is 540°. A pentagon may be simpl ...

and 2

square In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length adj ...

faces. This polyhedron can be constructed by taking a

tetragonal trapezohedron In geometry, a tetragonal trapezohedron, or deltohedron, is the second in an infinite series of trapezohedra, which are dual to the antiprisms. It has eight faces, which are congruent kites, and is dual to the square antiprism. In mesh generati ...

and truncating the polar axis vertices. The

kite A kite is a tethered heavier than air flight, heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create Lift (force), lift and Drag (physics), drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. ...

faces of the

trapezohedron In geometry, an trapezohedron, -trapezohedron, -antidipyramid, -antibipyramid, or -deltohedron is the dual polyhedron of an antiprism. The faces of an are congruent and symmetrically staggered; they are called ''twisted kites''. With a high ...

become pentagons. The vertices exist as 4 squares in four parallel planes, with alternating orientation in the middle creating the

pentagons In geometry, a pentagon (from the Greek πέντε ''pente'' meaning ''five'' and γωνία ''gonia'' meaning ''angle'') is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon. The sum of the internal angles in a simple pentagon is 540°. A pentagon may be simpl ...

. A ''truncated trapezohedron'' has all valence-3 vertices. This means that the dual polyhedrona

gyroelongated square dipyramid In geometry, the gyroelongated square bipyramid, heccaidecadeltahedron, or tetrakis square antiprism is one of the Johnson solids (). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by gyroelongating an octahedron (square bipyramid) by inserting a ...

has all triangular faces. It represents the

dual polyhedron In geometry, every polyhedron is associated with a second dual structure, where the vertices of one correspond to the faces of the other, and the edges between pairs of vertices of one correspond to the edges between pairs of faces of the other. ...

to the

Johnson solid In geometry, a Johnson solid is a strictly convex polyhedron each face of which is a regular polygon. There is no requirement that isohedral, each face must be the same polygon, or that the same polygons join around each Vertex (geometry), ver ...

(), with specific proportions: Polyhedra {{Polyhedron-stub