Spirulida is an order of cephalopods comprising one extant species (''

Spirula spirula ''Spirula spirula'' is a species of deep-water squid-like cephalopod mollusk. It is the only extant member of the genus ''Spirula'', the family Spirulidae, and the order Spirulida. Because of the shape of its internal shell, it is commonly kn ...

'') and several extinct

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

Fossil record

* Oldest representative: Carboniferous, though contested: see ''

Shimanskya ''Shimanskya'' is a late Carboniferous fossil tentatively interpreted as an early spirulid. This identification was based on: Doguzhaeva ''et al.'' also identify these features in living Spirula, and the fossil 'Spirulida' Naefia, '' Groenl ...

'' * Oldest uncontested representative: Late Jurassic

Classification

*Order Spirulida **?Family †

Shimanskyidae ''Shimanskya'' is a late Carboniferous fossil tentatively interpreted as an early spirulid. This identification was based on: Doguzhaeva ''et al.'' also identify these features in living Spirula, and the fossil 'Spirulida' Naefia, '' Groenl ...

**Suborder †Groenlandibelina Khromov, 1990 ***Family † Groenlandibelidae ***Family † Adygeyidae **Suborder †Belopterina Engeser, 1998 ***Family † Belemnoseidae ***Family † Belopteridae **Suborder Spirulina Pompeckj, 1912 ***Family † Spirulirostridae ***Family † Spirulirostrinidae ***Family Spirulidae

References

Tree of Life: SpirulidaThe Taxonomicon: Order Spirulida
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1370442 Coleoidea Cephalopod orders Cenozoic cephalopods