Spijkenisse () is a city in the

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...

South Holland South Holland ( nl, Zuid-Holland ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.7 million as of October 2021 and a population density of about , making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely ...

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. Following an administrative reform in 2015, it is part of the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

Nissewaard Nissewaard () is a municipality in the Netherlands, located on the island of Voorne-Putten, in the south of the province of South Holland. It was created through a merger of the municipalities of Spijkenisse and Bernisse on 1 January 2015. Nisse ...

, and has a population of 72,500. It covers an area of of which is water. It is part of the Greater Rotterdam area.

History

Archaeological evidence suggests that the area around Spijkenisse has been inhabited for several thousand years. The area's prehistoric inhabitants depended on fishing in the Maas and hunting in the surrounding swamps for sustenance. Spijkenisse also has an anthem, the song is called "Spijkenisse" by Rik Hoogendoorn. The song was released in 2012 and is very popular amongst people who live in Spijkenisse. The oldest known reference to the name ''Spickenisse'' is in a source from 1231. Spijkenisse is a

portmanteau A portmanteau word, or portmanteau (, ) is a blend of wordsspit) and ''nesse'' (

nose A nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which receive and expel air for respiration alongside the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes th ...

) meaning "pointy nose." The name is a reference to the settlement's location on a spit of land protruding into the river. Spijkenisse formed as a farming and fishing village on a creek along the

Oude Maas The Oude Maas (; en, Old Meuse) is a distributary of the river Rhine, and a former distributary of the river Maas, in the Dutch province of South Holland. It begins at the city of Dordrecht where the Beneden Merwede river splits into the Noord ...

. It originally belonged to the Lord of

Putten Putten () is a municipality and town in the province of Gelderland, Netherlands. It had a population of in . It is located in the coastal area of the old Zuiderzee (Southern Sea). To the east of Putten lies the Veluwe, the biggest national par ...

(whose coat of arms is now used by the city) but in 1459 the fiefdom of Putten, including Spijkenisse, was transferred to

Philip III, Duke of Burgundy Philip III (french: Philippe le Bon; nl, Filips de Goede; 31 July 1396 – 15 June 1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty, to which all 15th-century kings of France belonge ...

. In 1581, after the Dutch declaration of independence, the area came under the control of the

States of Holland and West Friesland The States of Holland and West Frisia ( nl, Staten van Holland en West-Friesland) were the representation of the two Estates (''standen'') to the court of the Count of Holland. After the United Provinces were formed — and there no longer was a c ...

. In the 16th century the village suffered several floods. In the 17th and 18th centuries it endured destructive fires which hampered its economic growth. In the 20th century Spijkenisse heavily urbanised as part of the Greater Rotterdam area. Contemporary Spijkenisse includes the communities of

Hekelingen Hekelingen is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located immediately to the south of Spijkenisse Spijkenisse () is a city in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Following an administrative reform in 2015, it is part ...

, Den Hoek, and Beerenplaat.

Transport

Spijkenisse has a connection to the city of

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...

by Rotterdam Metro lines C and D, through Spijkenisse Centrum, Heemraadlaan and De Akkers stations. The metro is operated by RET. On 2 November 2020, at about 00:30, a train ran through buffers at the end of the line and was saved from plunging 10 metres by the "Whale tails" sculpture. There are also several bus services operated by

EBS EBS may refer to: Broadcasting * EBS TV (Ethiopia) * Educational Broadband Service, US TV service * Educational Broadcasting System, South Korea ** EBS 1, a South Korean television channel * Emergency Broadcast System, former US Warning system ...

and 1 line of

Connexxion Connexxion is a large Public transport in the Netherlands, public transport company in the Netherlands, operating in the west, middle, east and southwest parts of the country. It is owned by Transdev and Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten. It is a subs ...

to Ouddorp. In 2011, the town built seven bridges designed by Robin Stam, replicating

Robert Kalina The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

's fictional designs on the

euro The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...

banknotes.Euro Banknote Bridges

Atlas Obscura ''Atlas Obscura'' is an American-based online magazine and travel company. It was founded in 2009 by author Joshua Foer and documentary filmmaker/author Dylan Thuras. It catalogs unusual and obscure travel destinations via user-generated content ...

(www.atlasobscura.com). Retrieved on 2018-06-25. 5316 op Spijkenisse Centrum, Spijkenisse.png, Spijkenisse Centrum Gestrande metro Spijkenisse Walvisstaart 3-11-2020.png, Accident on November 2, 2020 StadsbusConnexxion1045.jpg, Bus service 20 Euro Bruecke.jpg, Eurobridge 20 euro

Districts

Health

* Spijkenisse Medisch Centrum ''(former Ruwaard van Putten hospital)''

Schools

Primary schools

Secondary school

Notable residents

Jan Campert Jan Remco Theodoor Campert ( Spijkenisse, 15 August 1902 – 12 January 1943) was a Dutch journalist, theater critic and writer who lived in Amsterdam. During the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II Campert was arrested for aidin ...

(1902 in Spijkenisse – 1943) a journalist, theater critic and writer *

Marleen de Pater-van der Meer Maartje Lena "Marleen" de Pater-van der Meer (19 November 1950 – 13 December 2015) was a Dutch politician, she served as member of the House of Representatives for the Christian Democratic Appeal between 2001 and 2010. Before her time in the Ho ...

(1950 in Hekelingen – 2015) a Dutch politician *

Jan Bechtum Jan Bechtumhttp://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/heavymetalears/files/ (born 15 June 1958, Spijkenisse) is a Dutch guitarist and composer. Bechtum was the first lead guitarist of Picture. He was influenced by Deep Purple, (mainly Ritchie Blackmor ...

(born 1958 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch guitarist and composer * Erik de Jong (born 1961 in Spijkenisse) known as

Spinvis Spinvis is a Dutch one-man music project centred on Erik de Jong (born 2 February 1961, Spijkenisse). Using experimental, lo-fi music, Spinvis has earned two gold records in the Netherlands, and performed sold-out tours in both the Netherlands ...

, a Dutch one-man music project *

Medy van der Laan Medy Catharina van der Laan (born 14 August 1968) is a Dutch businesswoman, former civil servant and retired politician who served as State Secretary at the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science in charge of culture, media and art under P ...

(born 1968 in Spijkenisse) a retired Dutch politician * Björn Franken (born 1983 in Spijkenisse) known as

Vato Gonzalez Vato Gonzalez (born 6 June 1983 as Björn Franken) is a Dutch record producer, songwriter, artist, DJ, who is signed to Spinnin' Records and DOORN Records. Best known for his single Badman Riddim (Jump) (featuring Foreign Beggars), which reach ...

, DJ and producer * Nick van de Wall (born 1987 in Spijkenisse) known as

Afrojack Nick Leonardus van de Wall (; born 9 September 1987), better known as Afrojack, is a Dutch DJ, music producer and remixer from Spijkenisse, South Holland. In 2007, he founded the record label Wall Recordings; his debut album '' Forget the World' ...

, DJ and producer *

Duncan Laurence Duncan de Moor (; born 11 April 1994), known professionally as Duncan Laurence, is a Dutch singer and songwriter. He represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with his song "Arcade" and went on to win the competition, giv ...

(born 1994 in Spijkenisse) singer, winner of the

Eurovision Song Contest 2019 The Eurovision Song Contest 2019 was the 64th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Tel Aviv, Israel, following the country's victory at the 2018 contest with the song " Toy" by Netta. Organised by the European Broad ...

;Sport *

Bram Groeneweg Bram Groeneweg (13 March 1905 – 24 April 1988) was a Dutch long-distance track event, long-distance runner. He competed in the Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon, marathon at the 1928 Summer Olympics. References Ex ...

(1905 in Spijkenisse – 1988) a Dutch long-distance runner, competed in the marathon at the

1928 Summer Olympics The 1928 Summer Olympics ( nl, Olympische Zomerspelen 1928), officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad ( nl, Spelen van de IXe Olympiade) and commonly known as Amsterdam 1928, was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated from ...

Emiel Mellaard Emiel Remco Mellaard (born 21 March 1966) is a retired Dutch long jump The long jump is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a takeoff point. Along wit ...

(born 1966 in Spijkenisse) is a retired Dutch long jump record holder *

Joeri de Groot Joeri de Groot (born 29 July 1977 in Spijkenisse) is a Dutch rower. He finished 4th in the men's lightweight coxless four at the 2004 Summer Olympics. References * * 1977 births Living people Dutch male rowers Rowers at the 2 ...

(born 1977 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch rower, competed at the

2004 Summer Olympics The 2004 Summer Olympics ( el, Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004, ), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad ( el, Αγώνες της 28ης Ολυμπιάδας, ) and also known as Athens 2004 ( el, Αθήνα 2004), ...

Patrick van Luijk Patrick Jermaine Herschel van Luijk (born 17 September 1984 in Spijkenisse) is a Dutch Sprint (running), sprinter. Biography Patrick van Luijk was born in 1984 to a Dutch mother and a Jamaican father.

(born 1984 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch sprinter * Martijn Barto (born 1984 in Spijkenisse) a Dutch professional footballer with over 200 club caps

International relations

Spijkenisse is twinned with the following cities:

Gallery

Image:sp kerk.jpg, The medieval village church is the oldest building in Spijkenisse. File:Spijkenisse molen Nooitgedacht.jpg, in Spijkenisse. File:Spijkenisse kunstwerk mannetjes op de krom.jpg, ''Mannetjes op de krom'' by File:De boekenberg grote bibliotheek in Spijkenisse.jpg, The library "Bookmountain" File:De Rokade.jpg, The ''Rokade'' File:Ijs in de haven van Spijkenisse.jpg, Ice in the harbour of spijkenisse File:Schenkel Maasboulevard DSCF2317.JPG, The Maasboulevard File:Spijkenisse kunstwerk droomboot.jpg, Sculpture "droomboot" (dream boat) File:IIIa3 Haven Spijkenisse - uitstroom poldergemaal.jpg, Outfall sluice

References

External links

* {{Authority control Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2015 Former municipalities of South Holland Populated places in South Holland Nissewaard