The Spielrein Mansion (russian: Особняк Шпильрейн) is a house located at 83 Pushkinskaya Street in

Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don ( rus, Ростов-на-Дону, r=Rostov-na-Donu, p=rɐˈstof nə dɐˈnu) is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East Eu ...

. It has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance.

History

The mansion was built in 1897, and belonged to the

dentist A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry (the diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the mouth, oral cavity and other aspects of the craniofaci ...

Eva Markovna Spielrein (1863-1922). She lived in the house with her husband and children, with the building also housing her dentist's office. Among Eva's children was her daughter, Sabina Nikolayevna Spielrein, who became a noted

psychoanalyst PsychoanalysisFrom Greek language, Greek: + . is a set of Theory, theories and Therapy, therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a bo ...

. Sabina spent her childhood here. As of 1914, the

Belgian Belgian may refer to: * Something of, or related to, Belgium * Belgians, people from Belgium or of Belgian descent * Languages of Belgium, languages spoken in Belgium, such as Dutch, French, and German *Ancient Belgian language, an extinct language ...

consulate was located in the Spielrein Mansion, and another of the apartments was rented by the

Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...

consul. Other tenants were attorneys, engineers, and merchants. After the establishment of

Soviet power The political system of the Soviet Union took place in a federal single-party soviet socialist republic framework which was characterized by the superior role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the only party permitted by the Cons ...

the mansion was

nationalized Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...

. Eva Spielrein and her children immigrated. Her husband was allowed to live in a small room underneath the front stairs where he lived until his death. The mansion was damaged during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, with the roof being partially destroyed. The mansion was reconstructed and inhabited immediately after the war. In November 2015, the Sabine Spielrein Memorial Museum was opened in the mansion. The museum exhibitions include personal belongings and photographs.

Architecture

The three-storey building has a U-shaped plan configuration. In the inner wings of the building, facing the courtyard, there were originally living quarters that were rented out. The architect organically combined elements of

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

and

Classicism Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aestheti ...

in decoration of the

façade A façade () (also written facade) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a Loanword, loan word from the French language, French (), which means 'frontage' or 'face'. In architecture, the façade of a building is often t ...

. The central part of the front façade is accentuated with two-tiered

loggia In architecture, a loggia ( , usually , ) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, usually on an upper level, but sometimes on the ground level of a building. The outer wall is open to the elements, usually supported by a series of columns ...

decorated with

pilaster In classical architecture Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes even more specifically, from the ...

s on the sides.

Lesenes A lesene, also called a pilaster strip, is an architectural term for a narrow, low-relief vertical pillar on a wall. It resembles a pilaster, but does not have a base or capital. It is typical in Lombardic and Rijnlandish architectural building ...

set on the lateral sides of the façade are decorated with Eastern

ornaments An ornament is something used for decoration. Ornament may also refer to: Decoration *Ornament (art), any purely decorative element in architecture and the decorative arts *Biological ornament, a characteristic of animals that appear to serve on ...

. The first floor is rusticated. There is an arch at the front door and an arch at the entry to the courtyard – they both are decorated with

keystones A keystone (or capstone) is the wedge-shaped stone at the apex of a masonry arch or typically round-shaped one at the apex of a vault. In both cases it is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allo ...

with lion masks.

Cartouches In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche is an oval with a line at one end tangent to it, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name. The first examples of the cartouche are associated with pharaohs at the end of the Third Dynasty, but the fea ...

are placed on the

entablature An entablature (; nativization of Italian , from "in" and "table") is the superstructure of moldings and bands which lies horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Entablatures are major elements of classical architecture, and ...

of the facade, on the central one is the year the house was built - 1897.

Plaques

In 2002 a

commemorative plaque A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, or in other places referred to as a historical marker, historic marker, or historic plaque, is a plate of metal, ceramic, stone, wood, or other material, typically attached to a wall, stone, or other ...

made by the Rostov-on-Don sculptor B. N. Kondakov was installed on the building's façade. It reads: "The famous student of K. G. Jung and

S. Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts in ...

, psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein (1885-1942), lived in this house»''

References

{{coord, 47.2245, 39.7106, type:landmark_region:RU, display=title Buildings and structures in Rostov-on-Don Cultural heritage monuments in Rostov-on-Don Houses completed in 1897 Museums in Rostov Oblast Museums established in 2015 2015 establishments in Russia Tourist attractions in Rostov-on-Don Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Rostov Oblast