Speedy (1779 Ship)

''Speedy'' was a whaler launched on the Thames in 1779. She also made voyages to New South Wales, transporting female convicts in 1799. She made two voyages transporting slaves in 1805 and 1806, and was captured in January 1807 on her way into London after having delivered her slaves to Antigua in 1806.

Whaler and convict transport

''Speedy'' was under the command of Captain John Locke in 1791 when she sailed to the South Seas Fisheries. She was reported at the Cape Verde islands in January 1792, Rio de Janeiro in February, and off the coast of Peru in November. She was back in Britain in August 1793.

She was mentioned in the Protection Lists in 1793, 1794, and 1796.

Captain Thomas Melville sailed in late 1793 to transport stores to Port Jackson and then engage in whaling. However, he was reported to have had to return to Rio de Janeiro in February 1794 to undertake repairs.

Melville had been captain on ''Britannia'', also a whaler belonging to Samuel Enderby & Sons, in 1791 when she had been one of 11 ships of the Third Fleet, bound for the Sydney penal settlement. He had seen sperm whales off Van Diemen's Land and Port Jackson, and after delivering the convicts, ''Britannia'' had gone whaling; her crew killed the first four whales taken off the coast of Australia. Melville then wrote to his employers about the prospects for whaling in the region.

On this second voyage, Melville sailed ''Speedy'' to the coast of Chile, where she was reported "well" in November. She stopped at Rio in January 1796, and arrived back in Britain in October.

Between 1797 and 1799, ''Speedy'' was under the command of Captain Abraham Bristow, serving in the South Seas Whale Fisheries. At this point she was armed, though with only two 3-pounder guns. She was back in Britain by July 1799.

Captain George Quested replaced Bristow later in 1799. ''Speedy'' is on the Protection List for 1799. She then sailed from England on 24 November 1799 and arrived at Port Jackson on 15 April 1800. She embarked 53 female convicts, three of whom died on the voyage.

''Speedy'' left Port Jackson in July 1800 to whale off New Holland. She returned to Sydney 1 January 1801 with 300 barrels of oil and a crew of 24. While at Port Jackson Captain Quested was one of three South Sea whaling masters interviewed by Governor King about the best route to Australia and the relative merits of the whale fishery offshore compared with that off the west coast of South America. The vessel departed Sydney in 4 February. Returned 11 July 1801 with 72 tuns of oil. ''Speedy'' departed Sydney on 8 August and arrived back in London in November 1802 with 150 tons of sperm oil.

Subsequent career

From 1801 to 1807, '' Lloyd's Register'' continued to carry her with "Questade" as master, S. Enderby as owner, and her trade as a transport operating out of London. She also was no longer armed. Between 1801 and 1804, however, she was listed as ''Speed'', only reverting to the name ''Speedy'' in 1805.

The ''Register of Shipping'' for 1805 showed ''Speedy'' with H. Aitkins, master, Swansby, owner, and trade London-Africa.''Register of Shipping'' (1805), Seq.â„–631.
/ref>

Then in 1805 and 1806 ''Speedy'' made two voyages as a slave ship, gathering captives on the Gold Coast, and carrying them to the West Indies. Henry Atkins sailed on 23 October 1804 and started gathering captives at Cape Coast Castle and Accra on 11 February 1805. ''Speedy'' arrived at Demerara on 11 June with 284 captives.Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – ''Speedy'' voyage #83587.
/ref> The ''Essequebo and Demerary Gazette'' published on 15 June the following advertisement: "William Mackenzie & Co. will expose for Sale, on Wednesday the 19th Instant; - 250 Prime Gold Coast Negroes, the Cargo of the Ship Speedy, Capt. Henry Atkins from Cape Coast.... N.B. The Speedy will take Freight for London by the July Convoy.''

At some point Captain C.C. Sall replaced Atkins. ''Speedy'' returned to London on 13 December.

Henry Atkins sailed for Cape Coast Castle on 6 March 1806, and arrived on 14 June. She left Africa on 3 March and arrived at St John, Antigua, on 1 October. At some point John Laten replaced Atkins as captain.Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – ''Speedy'' voyage #83588.
/ref>

Capture

The French captured ''Speedy'' after she had disembarked her captives. '' Lloyd's List'' for 27 January 1807 stated that the reports that ''Speedy'', Laten, master, had arrived in the Thames were premature. She had parted from the fleet on 27 December and had not since been heard from. Then on 17 February ''Lloyd's List'' reported that the privateer ''Glaneur'', of Saint-Malo had captured ''Speedy'', from Antigua to London, and taken her into Île de Ré on 19 January.''Lloyd's List'' №4127.
/ref>

In 1806, 33 British slave ships were lost; in 1807, 12 were lost. The source for this information did not report any vessels being lost on the homeward leg of their triangular voyage. However, that may be due to nothing more than identifying when a vessel sailing from West Indies was a slave ship returning home. During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British slave vessels.

The registers both carried relatively unchanging information for some years thereafter. ''Speedy'' was no longer listed in the ''Register of Shipping'' after 1813 and in ''Lloyd's Register'' after 1814. As the registers often carried stale information, a failure to update is the most likely explanation.

Notes

Citations

References

*
*
*
*
* {{cite journal , last1=Inikori , first1=Joseph, year= 1996 , title= Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade: Documents relating to the British trade , journal= Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer , volume=83 , issue=312, pages=53-92

1779 ships
Convict ships to New South Wales
Whaling ships
Age of Sail merchant ships of England
London slave ships
Captured ships