Spectatoring is a process suggested by

Masters and Johnson The Masters and Johnson research team, composed of William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson, pioneered research into the nature of human sexual response and the diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders and dysfunctions from 1957 until the 1 ...

(1970) that involves a person focusing on him or herself "from a third person perspective during sexual activity, rather than focusing on one's sensations and sexual partner, can increase performance fears and cause deleterious effects on sexual performance."

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