The spectacled monarch (''Symposiachrus trivirgatus'') is a species of

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...

in the family

Monarchidae The monarchs (family Monarchidae) comprise a family of over 100 passerine birds which includes shrikebills, paradise flycatchers, and magpie-larks. Monarchids are small insectivorous songbirds with long tails. They inhabit forest or woodland ...

. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Its natural

habitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...

s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland

forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...

s, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist

montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucia ...

Taxonomy and systematics

This species was originally placed in the genus ''

Drymophila __NOTOC__ ''Drymophila'' is a bird genus in the antbird family (Thamnophilidae). It is a relative of the typical antwrens. The genus ''Drymophila'' was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1824. The type species is the fer ...

'' and subsequently in ''

Monarcha ''Monarcha'' is a genus of bird in the family Monarchidae. They are found in Australia and Melanesia. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Monarcha'' was introduced by naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827 with the black-f ...

'' until moved to ''Symposiachrus'' in 2009.

Subspecies

The

Boano monarch The Boano monarch (''Symposiachrus boanensis''), or black-chinned monarch, is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae endemic to Indonesia. It is found on Boano island in the southern Mollucas. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tro ...

was formerly considered as a subspecies and also, some authorities continue to consider the

Moluccan monarch The Moluccan monarch (''Symposiachrus bimaculatus'') is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is found in Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane fore ...

as a subspecies of the spectacled monarch. There are currently six subspecies recognized: * ''S. t. trivirgatus'' - ( Temminck, 1826): Found in central and eastern

Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands or nowadays known as Nusa Tenggara Islands ( id, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, formerly ) are an archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make u ...

* ''S. t. bernsteinii'' - ( Salvadori, 1878): Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Monarcha''. Found on Salawati (off western

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

) * ''S. t. albiventris'' - ( Gould, 1866): Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Monarcha''. Found in southern New Guinea, islands in the

Torres Strait The Torres Strait (), also known as Zenadh Kes, is a strait between Australia and the Melanesian island of New Guinea. It is wide at its narrowest extent. To the south is Cape York Peninsula, the northernmost extremity of the Australian ma ...

and

Cape York Peninsula Cape York Peninsula is a large peninsula located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest unspoiled wilderness in northern Australia.Mittermeier, R.E. et al. (2002). Wilderness: Earth’s last wild places. Mexico City: Agrupación ...

(north-eastern Australia) * ''S. t. melanorrhous'' - ( Schodde & Mason, IJ, 1999): Found in north-eastern

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

(north-eastern Australia) * ''S. t. gouldii'' - (Gray, GR, 1861): Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Monarcha''. Found in eastern Australia

Gallery

File:Spectacled monarch dayboro.jpg, left, Juvenile Dayboro, SE Queensland

References

spectacled monarch The spectacled monarch (''Symposiachrus trivirgatus'') is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropica ...

Birds of the Lesser Sunda Islands Birds of the Maluku Islands Birds of Papua New Guinea Birds of Queensland

Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Monarchidae-stub