Specialization or Specialized may refer to:

Academia

Academic specialization In academic, specialization (or specialisation) may be a course of study or major at an academic institution or may refer to the field in which a specialist practices. In the case of an educator, academic specialization pertains to the subject tha ...

, may be a course of study or major at an academic institution or may refer to the field in which a specialist practices *

Specialty (medicine) A medical specialty is a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy. Examples include those branches of medicine that deal exclusively with children (paediatrics), cancer (oncology), ...

, a branch of medical practice

Biology

Cellular differentiation Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell alters from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Differentiation happens multiple times during the development of a multicellular ...

, the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type *

, a branch of medical science *

Generalist and specialist species A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of env ...

, in biology and ecology * Specialization in

multicellular organism A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organism. All species of animals, land plants and most fungi are multicellular, as are many algae, whereas a few organisms are partially uni- ...

Computer science

Partial template specialization Partial template specialization is a particular form of class template specialization. Usually used in reference to the C++ programming language, it allows the programmer to specialize only some arguments of a class template, as opposed to explici ...

, a particular form of class template specialization *

Template specialization Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of types ''to-be-specified-later'' that are then ''instantiated'' when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneered by ...

, a style of computer programming which allows alternative implementations to be provided based on certain characteristics of the parameterized type that is being instantiated

Economics and industry

Departmentalization Departmentalization (or departmentalisation) refers to the process of grouping activities into departments. Division of labour creates Expert, specialists who need :wikt:coordination, coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specia ...

, refers to the process of grouping activities into departments *

Division of labour The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation). Individuals, organizations, and nations are endowed with, or acquire specialised capabilities, and ...

, the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles *

Economic specialization The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation). Individuals, organizations, and nations are endowed with, or acquire specialised capabilities, and ...

, the separation of tasks within an economy *

Flexible Specialization (Post-Fordism) Post-Fordism is the dominant system of economic production, consumption, and associated socio-economic phenomena in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century. It is contrasted with Fordism, the system formulated in Henry Ford's aut ...

, a name given to the dominant system of economic production, consumption and associated socio-economic phenomena, in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century *

Network governance Network governance is "interfirm coordination that is characterized by organic or informal social system, in contrast to bureaucratic structures within firms and formal relationships between them. The concepts of privatization, public private par ...

, also known as Flexible Specialization

Linguistics

Specialization (linguistics) In linguistics, the term ''specialization'' (as defined by Paul Hopper), refers to one of the five principles by which grammaticalization can be detected while it is taking place. The other four principles are: layering, divergence, persistence ...

Specialized English Specialized English is a controlled version of the English language used for radio broadcasting, easier for non-native speakers of English. It is derived from Voice of America (VoA) Special English. Specialized English was developed initially by ...

, a controlled version of the English language used for radio broadcasting, easier for non-native speakers

Mathematics

Specialization (pre)order In the branch of mathematics known as topology, the specialization (or canonical) preorder is a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space. For most spaces that are considered in practice, namely for all those that satisfy the ...

, a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space

Organizations

SCT Logistics SCT Logistics is an Australian interstate transport company operating rail and road haulage, with facilities in Brisbane, Sydney, Parkes, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. History SCT Logistics was founded in 1974 as Specialised Container Tran ...

, transport company in Australia that formally traded as Specialised Container Transport *

Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union The Specialised Technical Committees are bodies in the African Union responsible to the Executive Council. They include: * The Specialised Technical Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs. * The Specialised Technical Committee on Rural Economy a ...

Specialized Technology Resources Specialized Technology Resources, abbreviated as STR, is an American corporation headquartered in Enfield, Connecticut. It has two divisions – Solar Cell Encapsulant Manufacturing and Quality Assurance Services for Consumer Products. Solar Encap ...

, an American corporation headquartered in Enfield, Connecticut *

Specialized System Consultants Specialized System Consultants (SSC), is a private media company that publishes magazines and reference manuals. SSC properties include LinuxGazette.com, ITgarage.com, the monthly international print magazine '' Linux Journal'', and the webzine ...

, a private media company that publishes magazines and reference manuals *

Specialized Bicycle Components Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., colloquially known as and stylized as SPECIALIZED, is an American company which designs, manufactures and markets bicycles, bicycle components and related products under the brand name "Specialized", as wel ...

, a company making bicycles and bicycle components

Psychology

Cognitive specialization Cognitive specialization suggests that certain behaviors, often in the domain of social communication, are passed on to offspring and refined to be maximally beneficial by the process of natural selection. Specializations serve an adaptive purpose f ...

, refers to the theory that learning certain skills inhibits the ability to learn related but dissimilar skills *

Specialization of knowledge A modern development and belief that the progress of knowledge Knowledge can be defined as Descriptive knowledge, awareness of facts or as Procedural knowledge, practical skills, and may also refer to Knowledge by acquaintance, familiarit ...

Interactive specialization Interactive Specialization is a theory of brain development proposed by the British developmental cognitive neuroscientist Mark Johnson, formerly head of the Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development at Birkbeck, University of London, London an ...

, a theory of brain development

Other uses

Specialized Mobile Radio Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) may be an analog or digital trunked two-way radio system, operated by a service in the VHF, 220, UHF, 700, 800 or 900 MHz bands. Some systems with advanced features are referred to as an Enhanced Specialized Mo ...

, analog or digital trunked two-way radio system