Specialization or Specialized may refer to:

Academia

* Academic specialization, may be a course of study or major at an academic institution or may refer to the field in which a specialist practices * Specialty (medicine), a branch of medical practice

Biology

Cellular differentiation Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell alters from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Differentiation happens multiple times during the development of a multicellular ...

, the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type * Specialty (medicine), a branch of medical science *

Generalist and specialist species A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of env ...

, in biology and ecology * Specialization in

multicellular organism A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organism. All species of animals, land plants and most fungi are multicellular, as are many algae, whereas a few organisms are partially uni- ...

Computer science

* Partial template specialization, a particular form of class template specialization * Template specialization, a style of computer programming which allows alternative implementations to be provided based on certain characteristics of the parameterized type that is being instantiated

Economics and industry

Departmentalization Departmentalization (or departmentalisation) refers to the process of grouping activities into departments. Division of labour creates Expert, specialists who need :wikt:coordination, coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specia ...

, refers to the process of grouping activities into departments *

Division of labour The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation). Individuals, organizations, and nations are endowed with, or acquire specialised capabilities, and ...

, the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles *

Economic specialization The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation). Individuals, organizations, and nations are endowed with, or acquire specialised capabilities, and ...

, the separation of tasks within an economy * Flexible Specialization (Post-Fordism), a name given to the dominant system of economic production, consumption and associated socio-economic phenomena, in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century * Network governance, also known as Flexible Specialization

Linguistics

Specialization (linguistics) In linguistics, the term ''specialization'' (as defined by Paul Hopper), refers to one of the five principles by which grammaticalization can be detected while it is taking place. The other four principles are: layering, divergence, persistenc ...

* Specialized English, a controlled version of the English language used for radio broadcasting, easier for non-native speakers

Mathematics

* Specialization (pre)order, a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space

Organizations

* SCT Logistics, transport company in Australia that formally traded as Specialised Container Transport *

Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union The Specialised Technical Committees are bodies in the African Union responsible to the Executive Council. They include: * The Specialised Technical Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs. * The Specialised Technical Committee on Rural Economy an ...

Specialized Technology Resources Specialized Technology Resources, abbreviated as STR, is an American corporation headquartered in Enfield, Connecticut. It has two divisions – Solar Cell Encapsulant Manufacturing and Quality Assurance Services for Consumer Products. Solar Encap ...

, an American corporation headquartered in Enfield, Connecticut *

Specialized System Consultants Specialized System Consultants (SSC), is a private media company that publishes magazines and reference manuals. SSC properties include LinuxGazette.com, ITgarage.com, the monthly international print magazine ''Linux Journal ''Linux Journal'' ...

, a private media company that publishes magazines and reference manuals * Specialized Bicycle Components, a company making bicycles and bicycle components

Psychology

Cognitive specialization Cognitive specialization suggests that certain behaviors, often in the domain of social communication, are passed on to offspring and refined to be maximally beneficial by the process of natural selection. Specializations serve an adaptive purpose ...

, refers to the theory that learning certain skills inhibits the ability to learn related but dissimilar skills *

Specialization of knowledge A modern development and belief that the progress of knowledge is the result of distinct and independent spheres, and that knowledge in one discipline has little connection with knowledge in another discipline. Thus, ''specialists'' pursue their ...

* Interactive specialization, a theory of brain development

Other uses

* Specialized Mobile Radio, analog or digital trunked two-way radio system