This article presents a set of paradigms—that is, conjugation tables—of

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

verb A verb () is a word ( part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (''bring'', ''read'', ''walk'', ''run'', ''learn''), an occurrence (''happen'', ''become''), or a state of being (''be'', ''exist'', ''stand''). In the usual descr ...

s, including examples of regular verbs and some of the most common

irregular verb A regular verb is any verb whose conjugation follows the typical pattern, or one of the typical patterns, of the language to which it belongs. A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb. This is one instanc ...

s. For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs. The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an

auxiliary verb An auxiliary verb ( abbreviated ) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany an infinitive verb or a ...

plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice. The progressive aspects (also called "continuous tenses") are formed by using the appropriate tense of ''estar'' + gerund, and the perfect constructions are formed by using the appropriate tense of ''haber'' +

past participle In linguistics, a participle () (from Latin ' a "sharing, partaking") is a nonfinite verb form that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. More narrowly, ''participle'' has been defined as "a word derived from ...

. When the past participle is used in this way, it invariably ends with ''-o''. In contrast, when the participle is used as an

adjective In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated ) is a word that generally modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives were considered one of the ma ...

, it agrees in

gender Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures ...

and

number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers c ...

with the noun modified. Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ''ser'' to form the "true" (

dynamic Dynamics (from Greek δυναμικός ''dynamikos'' "powerful", from δύναμις ''dynamis'' "power") or dynamic may refer to: Physics and engineering * Dynamics (mechanics) ** Aerodynamics, the study of the motion of air ** Analytical dyna ...

)

passive voice A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the ''theme'' or ''patient'' of the main verb – that is, the person or thing t ...

(e.g. ''La carta fue escrita ayer'' 'The letter was written ot writtenyesterday.'), and also when it is used with ''estar'' to form a "passive of result", or

stative According to some linguistics theories, a stative verb is a verb that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action. The difference can be categorized by saying that stative verbs describe situations that are ...

passive (as in ''La carta ya está escrita'' 'The letter is already written.'). The pronouns ''yo, tú, vos,The pronoun ''vos'' and its verb forms are used in large areas of Central and South America for the second-person singular in the "familiar" or informal

register Register or registration may refer to: Arts entertainment, and media Music * Register (music), the relative "height" or range of a note, melody, part, instrument, etc. * ''Register'', a 2017 album by Travis Miller * Registration (organ), th ...

, generally replacing (but in some areas coexisting with) ''tú''. In Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay it is used in the formal register (but the familiar or T form of address). See

Voseo In Spanish grammar, () is the use of as a second-person singular pronoun, along with its associated verbal forms, in certain regions where the language is spoken. In those regions it replaces , i.e. the use of the pronoun and its verbal fo ...

. él, nosotros, vosotrosThe second-person plural familiar pronoun ''vosotros'' / ''vosotras'' is used only in Spain (except for the Canary Islands) and Equatorial Guinea; in the Americas its function is carried by ''ustedes''.'' and ''ellos'' are used to symbolise the three

persons A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of prope ...

and two

numbers A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers can ...

. Note, however, that Spanish is a

pro-drop language A pro-drop language (from "pronoun-dropping") is a language where certain classes of pronouns may be omitted when they can be pragmatically or grammatically inferable. The precise conditions vary from language to language, and can be quite int ...

, and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. The subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, ''él'', ''ella'', or ''usted'' can be replaced by a

noun phrase In linguistics, a noun phrase, or nominal (phrase), is a phrase that has a noun or pronoun as its head or performs the same grammatical function as a noun. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently oc ...

, or the verb can appear with impersonal ''se'' and no subject (e.g. ''Aquí se vive bien'', 'One lives well here'). The first-person plural expressions ''nosotros'', ''nosotras'', ''tú y yo'', or ''él y yo'' can be replaced by a noun phrase that includes the speaker (e.g. ''Los estudiantes tenemos hambre'', 'We students are hungry'). The same comments hold for ''vosotros'' and ''ellos''.

Regular verbs

''-ar'' conjugation (''amar'', 'to love')

''-er'' conjugation (''temer'', 'to fear')

''-ir'' conjugation (''partir'', 'to split/depart')

Irregular verbs

''ser'', 'to be (in essence)'

This is an Oy-Yo verb. Stem: s-, fu-, er-, se-. There are two ways to say "To be" in Spanish: ''ser'' and ''estar''. They both mean "to be", but they are used in different ways. As a rule of thumb, ''ser'' is used to describe permanent or almost permanent conditions and ''estar'' to describe temporary ones.

''estar'', 'to be (in a state)'

''haber'', 'to have (aux.)'

Stem: hab-, h-, habr-, hay-, hub- (a-u)

''tener'', 'to have (possession)'

This is a G-Verb.

''ir'', 'to go'

''conocer'', 'to know (to be acquainted with); to get acquainted with'

''conducir'', 'to drive'

This is a -ducir verb.

References

External links

How is my Spanish: Spanish conjugation charts
Spanish conjugation chart. Chart to conjugate in 7 different Spanish tenses.
SpanishBoat: Verb conjugation worksheets in all Spanish tenses
Printable and online exercises for teachers and students...
Espagram: verb conjugator
Spanish verb conjugator. Contains about a million of verb forms. {{DEFAULTSORT:Spanish Conjugation Conjugation Indo-European verbs