Spanish Braille is the
braille
Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper ...
alphabet of
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...
and
Galician. It is very close to
French Braille
French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic ...
, with the addition of a letter for ''ñ'', slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation. Further conventions have been unified by the Latin American Blind Union, but differences with Spain remain.
Alphabet
The French Braille letters for vowels with a grave accent, ''à è ù,'' are used in Spanish Braille for vowels with an acute accent, ''á é ú''. In addition, French ''ï'' is reassigned to Spanish ''ñ''. Thus, in numerical order, the letters are:
:
At one point, French ''w'' was apparently used for Spanish ''ü'', reflecting its pronunciation, and French ''ô'' (a rotated ''v'') for Spanish ''w'', which is found in foreign words.
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Digits
Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and are marked by , as in
English Braille
English Braille, also known as ''Grade 2 Braille'', is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters ( phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English Bra ...
.
Punctuation
Single punctuation:
(The same character is used for a full stop and for an apostrophe, as in
Portuguese Braille
Portuguese Braille is the braille alphabet of the Portuguese language, both in Portugal and in Brazil. It is very close to French Braille, with slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation.
Alphabet
The French ...
. Spanish does not use the apostrophe in standard writing, and in Portuguese it is only present in a few fixed phrases.)
Paired punctuation:
Formatting
'Emphasis' may be bold or italic in print.
See
Portuguese Braille
Portuguese Braille is the braille alphabet of the Portuguese language, both in Portugal and in Brazil. It is very close to French Braille, with slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation.
Alphabet
The French ...
for a more complete account, much of which is likely to apply to Spanish Braille.
Other languages
The full Spanish Braille alphabet is used for
Galician as well. The letter for ''ñ'' is shared with
Basque Braille
Spanish Braille is the braille alphabet of Spanish and Galician. It is very close to French Braille, with the addition of a letter for ''ñ'', slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation. Further convention ...
(which has no additional letters) and with
Guarani Braille
Guarani Braille is the braille alphabet of the Paraguayan Guarani language.UNESCO (2013World Braille Usage 3rd edition. Letter assignments are those of Spanish Braille (except for the accented vowels): that is, the basic braille alphabet
The ...
(which does). It is not, however, used for the languages of the Philippines, which instead use an accent dot of
English Braille
English Braille, also known as ''Grade 2 Braille'', is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters ( phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English Bra ...
with ''n'', , for ''ñ''. (See
basic braille
The goal of braille uniformity is to unify the braille alphabets of the world as much as possible, so that literacy in one braille alphabet readily transfers to another. Unification was first achieved by a convention of the ''International Congre ...
.)
Punctuation for Galician and Basque Braille is the same as that of Spanish Braille.
References
*UNESCO (2013
World Braille Usage 3rd edition.
Proel1951 UNESCO report on standardizing Spanish and Portuguese Braille
{{Braille
French-ordered braille alphabets
Spanish language