Soyuz 36 (russian: Союз 36, ''Union 36'') was a 1980

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

crewed space flight to the

Salyut 6 Salyut 6 (russian: Салют-6; lit. Salute 6), DOS-5, was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth station of the Salyut programme. It was launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton rocket. Salyut 6 was the first space station to receiv ...

space station A space station is a spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time, and is therefore a type of space habitat. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. An orbital station or an orbital space station i ...

. It was the 11th mission to and ninth successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz 36 crew were the first to visit the long-duration

Soyuz 35 Soyuz 35 (russian: Союз 35, ''Union 35'') was a 1980 Soviet crewed space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the 10th mission to and eighth successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz 35 crew were the fourth long-duration ...

resident crew.The mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-36.htm Soyuz 36 carried

Valery Kubasov Valery Nikolaevich Kubasov (russian: Вале́рий Никола́евич Куба́сов; 7 January 1935 – 19 February 2014) was a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and ...

and

Bertalan Farkas Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian Astronaut#Cosmonaut, cosmonaut, space exploration, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became Timeline of space travel by nationality, the seventh nation to be represented in spac ...

, the first Hungarian

cosmonaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally r ...

, into space. They swapped Soyuz craft with the long-duration crew and returned to Earth in Soyuz 35; a later crew used their craft to return to Earth.

Crew

Backup crew

Mission parameters

*Mass: *Perigee: *Apogee: *Inclination: 51.62° *Period: 89.0 minutes

Mission highlights

Soyuz 36 was launched on 26 May 1980 with

and Hungarian cosmonaut

, headed to the Salyut 6 space station where Leonid Popov and

Valery Ryumin Valery Victorovich Ryumin (russian: Валерий Викторович Рюмин; 16 August 1939 – 6 June 2022) was a Soviet cosmonaut. Biography In 1958, he graduated from the Kaliningrad Mechanical Engineering Technical College with the ...

, launched aboard

, were resident. The flight was originally scheduled for 5 June 1979, but was cancelled due to the

Soyuz 33 Soyuz 33 (russian: Союз 33, ''Union 33'') was an April, 1979, Soviet crewed space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.The mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-33.htm It was the ninth mission to the ...

failure. They successfully docked at the aft port the day after launching. The flight was the fifth

Intercosmos Interkosmos (russian: Интеркосмос) was a Soviet space program, designed to help the Soviet Union's allies with crewed and uncrewed space missions. The program was formed in April 1967 in Moscow. All members of the program from USSR ...

flight whereby guest cosmonauts from Soviet allied nations would visit the space station, typically for about a week. The flight was only the second time a Soviet mission had a civilian commander. Upon boarding, the visiting crew carried out Hungarian experiments, so many that the visiting crew sometimes only got three hours of sleep. One experiment was Pille, which measured radiation doses received by the crew with miniature

thermoluminescent Thermoluminescence is a form of luminescence that is exhibited by certain crystalline materials, such as some minerals, when previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation is re-emitted as light upon hea ...

devices attached to their clothing and to the walls of the station. Another three experiments studied the formation of

interferon Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten the ...

in human cells under weightless conditions. Earth resources work using the on-board cameras were carried out, in coordination with ground crews, airplanes and helicopters. Farkas was said by the Hungarian press to have adjusted far quicker than Kubasov to the weightless conditions. The Soyuz craft was used to boost the station's orbit on 29 May, then Kubasov and Farkas swapped Soyuz craft with the long-duration crew, exchanging seat liners, pressure suits and personal items, before departing the station in Soyuz 35 on 3 June and landed 140 km southeast of

Dzhezkazgan Jezkazgan, or Zhezkazgan ( kk, Жезқазған, translit=Jezqazğan ), formerly known as Dzhezkazgan (russian: Джезказган) until 1992, is a city and the administrative centre of Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan, on a reservoir of the Kara ...

. The Soyuz 36 spacecraft was later used to return the crew of

Soyuz 37 Soyuz 37 (russian: Союз 37, ''Union 37'') was a 1980 Soviet Union, Soviet crewed space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the 13th mission to and 11th successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz 37 crew were the third to v ...

to earth.

References

{{Interkosmos Crewed Soyuz missions 1980 in the Soviet Union 1980 in Hungary Hungary–Soviet Union relations Spacecraft launched in 1980 Spacecraft which reentered in 1980 Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets