''Soyauxia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae.Clemens Bayer. 2007. "Peridiscaceae" pages 297-300. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. They are small trees or erect

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s from wet forests of tropical West Africa. Eight

specific name Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database In taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules: * Specific name (botany), the two-part (bino ...

s have been published in ''Soyauxia''."Soyauxia" At: International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below). Additional species have been discovered, but their

names A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A persona ...

and descriptions will not be published until 2009 or 2010. The type species for the genus is

Soyauxia gabonensis ''Soyauxia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae.Clemens Bayer. 2007. "Peridiscaceae" pages 297-300. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelber ...

.''Soyauxia'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below). ''Soyauxia'' was long considered an anomaly and it has been variously

classified Classified may refer to: General *Classified information, material that a government body deems to be sensitive *Classified advertising or "classifieds" Music *Classified (rapper) (born 1977), Canadian rapper *The Classified, a 1980s American roc ...

by different authors, usually in Passifloraceae or in the defunct plant family Flacourtiaceae. The first

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study Study or studies may refer to: General * Education **Higher education * Clinical trial * Experiment * Observational study * Research * Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning Other * Study (art), a drawing or series of drawi ...

to include ''Soyauxia'' placed it in Peridiscaceae.Soltis, D. E.; Clayton, J. W.; Davis, C. C.; Gitzendanner, M. A.; Cheek, M.; Savolainen, V.; Amorim, A. M.;

Soltis, P. S. Pamela Soltis (born November 13, 1957) is an American botanist. She is a distinguished professor at the University of Florida, curator at the Florida Museum of Natural History, principal investigator of the Laboratory of Molecular Systematics an ...

(2007):Monophyly and relationships of the enigmatic family Peridiscaceae. ''Taxon'' 56(1):65-73. Its position within that family was determined in 2009.Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life." ''American Journal of Botany'' 96(8):1551-1570.

Species

''Soyauxia'' contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete or contain

synonyms A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

.): * ''

Soyauxia bipindensis ''Soyauxia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae.Clemens Bayer. 2007. "Peridiscaceae" pages 297-300. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelber ...

'', Gilg ex

Baker f. Edmund Gilbert Baker (1864–1949) was a British plant collector and botanist. He was the son of John Gilbert Baker. Works * ''Synopsis of Malveae'', 1895 * ''The plants of Milanji, Nyassa-land''. Con James Britten. 1894 * ''Catalogue of the Pl ...

* ''

Soyauxia floribunda ''Soyauxia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae.Clemens Bayer. 2007. "Peridiscaceae" pages 297-300. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelber ...

'', Hutchinson * ''

'', Oliv. * ''

Soyauxia glabrescens ''Soyauxia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae.Clemens Bayer. 2007. "Peridiscaceae" pages 297-300. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelber ...

'', Engler * ''

Soyauxia grandifolia ''Soyauxia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae.Clemens Bayer. 2007. "Peridiscaceae" pages 297-300. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelber ...

'', Gilg & Stapf * '' Soyauxia ledermanii'',

Sleumer Hermann Otto Sleumer (February 21, 1906 in Saarbrücken – October 1, 1993 in Oegstgeest) was a Dutch botanist of German birth. The plant genera ''Sleumerodendron'' Virot ( Proteaceae) and ''Sleumeria'' Utteridge, Nagam. & Teo (Icacinaceae T ...

* '' Soyauxia talbotii'',

* '' Soyauxia velutina'', Hutchinson & Dalziel

History

The genus ''Soyauxia'' was named by Daniel Oliver in 1880, in a book whose final edition was entitled ''Hooker's Icones Plantarum''.Joseph Dalton Hooker. 1880. ''Hooker's Icones Plantarum'' volume XIV (volume IV of the third series):page 73 and plate 1393. (see ''External links'' at Icones Plantarum). It was named for the German botanist and plant collector Hermann Soyaux. Upon naming it, Oliver wrote Oliver placed the new genus in Passifloraceae and described one species, ''Soyauxia gabonensis''. In 1953, John Brenan put ''Soyauxia'' in

Medusandraceae ''Medusandra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae."Peridiscaceae" At: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see external links below) It has two species, ''M ...

,John P.M. Brenan. 1953. "''Soyauxia'', a second genus of Medusandraceae". ''Kew Bulletin'' 8:507-511. a family that he had established the year before.John P.M. Brenan. 1952. "Plants of the Cambridge Expedition, 1947-1948: II. A new order of flowering plants from the British Cameroons". ''Kew Bulletin'' 7:227-236. Brenan's classification was not generally followed by others, and John Hutchinson wrote a detailed account of why he thought that ''Soyauxia'' and ''

Medusandra ''Medusandra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae."Peridiscaceae" At: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see external links below) It has two species, '' ...

'' were not closely related.John Hutchinson. ''The Families of Flowering Plants, Third Edition (1973)''. Oxford University Press: London. In 2007, in the first comparison of

DNA sequence DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...

s to include ''Soyauxia'', it was shown that ''Soyauxia'' is sister to a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

of two South American trees, ''

Peridiscus ''Peridiscus lucidus'' is a species of flowering plant, the only species in the genus ''Peridiscus'', which is one of four genera within the family Peridiscaceae. It grows in Venezuela and northern Brazil, in evergreen, sometimes riverine forest ...

'' and ''

Whittonia ''Whittonia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Peridiscaceae. It only contains one known species, 'Whittonia guianensis'Sandwith It is native to Guyana. The genus name of ''Whittonia'' is in honour of Brian Alan ...

''. The authors recommended that ''Soyauxia'' be moved to Peridiscaceae. The position of ''Soyauxia'' within Peridiscaceae was clarified in 2009, with the inclusion of ''Medusandra'' in a phylogenetic study. In that study, it was shown that Brenan's concept of Medusandraceae is

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

over Peridiscaceae

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

, but that Brenan had been prescient in his perception of a relationship between ''Medusandra'' and ''Soyauxia''. The authors recommended that ''Medusandra'' as well as ''Soyauxia'' be transferred to Peridiscaceae.

Species

History

References

External links