Southern France

Southern France, also known as the South of France or colloquially in French as , is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, ''Le midi atlantique'', Atlas et géographie de la France moderne, Flammarion, Paris, 1984. Spain, the Mediterranean Sea and Italy. It includes southern Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the west, Occitanie in the centre, the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the northeast, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the southeast, as well as the island of Corsica in the southeast. Southern France is generally included into Southern Europe because of its association with the Mediterranean Sea.

The term derives from ('middle') and ('day') in Old French, comparable to the term to indicate southern Italy, which is a synonym for south in Romanian, or which is a synonym for the south direction in Spanish. The time of midday was synonymous with south because in France, as in the rest of the Northern Hemisphere north of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun is in the south at noon. The synonymy has existed since Middle French as well; could refer to both ''midday'' and ''south''. The Midi is considered to start at Valence, hence the saying ("At Valence the Midi starts).
Regions of France

Geography

The area corresponds in large part to Occitania (''Occitanie'') in Southern Europe, the historical and cultural region in which Occitan (french: langue d'oc), as distinct from the of northern France, was the predominant language. Despite being part of Occitania, the regions of Auvergne and Limousin are not normally considered part of southern France. The largest cities of southern France are Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nice and Montpellier. The Pyrenees and French Alps are also located in the area, in respectively its southwestern and eastern parts. Corsica, which is south of Continental France and just north of Sardinia, Italy, may also be included.

Tourism

Notable touristic landmarks include the Roman-era Pont du Gard and the Arena of Nîmes; the Verdon Gorge, in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; the Canal du Midi, linking Toulouse by to the Mediterranean Sea; and the natural regions of Larzac, Luberon and Camargue. The French Riviera is in southern France's southeastern quadrant. Several towns in southern France are renowned for their architecture and surroundings, such as Roussillon, Ménerbes, Cordes-sur-Ciel, Gordes, Rocamadour, Rennes-le-Château, Les Baux-de-Provence, Lourmarin, Gassin, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, Seillans, Crillon-le-Brave and Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Nizza-overview-4070938-PanoPS.jpg, Nice is often considered abroad to be southern France's best-known city although Marseille is the largest.
Road-view at Sainte-Maxim with very old pinetrees. Lovely - panoramio.jpg, Coastal road near Sainte-Maxime
Champ de lavande,France.jpg, Lavender fields, a well-known feature of southern France, are mainly in Provence.
Pont du Gard 001.jpg, Pont du Gard, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Terroir Vacqueyras.jpg, View of Vaucluse
LescunVueVersPasDAzuns.jpg, Traditional landscape of the historical province of Béarn, in Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Fontaine de Vaucluse 03.jpg, Village of Fontaine-de-Vaucluse, near Avignon

Cuisine

Southern France has a cuisine that is different from those of northern France and other Mediterranean countries. The major difference from the rest of France is in the use of olive oil, instead of butter. Local agriculture supplies the olives for consumption as well as cooking, the ducks and geese to make foie gras, haricot beans that are used in cassoulet, the sheep whose milk produces Roquefort cheese, tomatoes and melons. To accompany the richer food, the area also supplies much stronger wines, from Bordeaux, Cahors, Madiran