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The Government of South Korea is the union government of the
Republic of Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its east ...
, created by the
Constitution of South Korea The Constitution of the Republic of Korea () is the supreme law of South Korea. It was promulgated on July 17, 1948, and last revised on October 29, 1987. Background The Provisional Charter of Korea The preamble of the Constitution of South ...
as the executive, legislative and judicial authority of the republic. The president acts as the head of state and is the highest figure of executive authority in the country, followed by the prime minister and government ministers in decreasing order. The Executive and Legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions. Local governments are semi-autonomous and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. The judicial branch operates at both the national and local levels. The South Korean government's structure is determined by the
Constitution of the Republic of Korea The Constitution of the Republic of Korea () is the supreme law of South Korea. It was promulgated on July 17, 1948, and last revised on October 29, 1987. Background The Provisional Charter of Korea The preamble of the Constitution of South ...
. This document has been revised several times since its first promulgation in 1948 (for details, see
History of South Korea The history of South Korea formally begins with the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945. Noting that, South Korea and North Korea are entirely different countries, despite still being the same people and on the same peninsula. Backgroun ...
). However, it has retained many broad characteristics; with the exception of the short-lived
Second Republic of South Korea The second Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from April 1960 to May 1961. The Second republic was founded during the April Revolution mass protests against President Syngman Rhee, succeeding the First republic and establishin ...
, the country has always had a relatively independent chief executive in the form of a president. As with most stable three-branch systems, a careful system of
checks and balances Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typic ...
is in place. For instance, the judges of the Constitutional Court are partially appointed by the executive, and partially by the legislature. Likewise, when a resolution of impeachment is passed by the legislature, it is sent to the judiciary for a final decision.


Legislative branch

At the national level, the legislative branch consists of the
National Assembly of South Korea The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, often shortened to the National Assembly in domestic English-language media, is the unicameral national legislature of South Korea. Elections to the National Assembly are held every four years. T ...
. This is a
unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multic ...
legislature; it consists of a single large assembly. Most of its 300 members are elected from-member constituencies; however, 56 are elected through
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
. The members of the National Assembly serve for four years; if a member is unable to complete his or her term, a
by-election A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to f ...
is held. The National Assembly is charged with deliberating and passing legislation, auditing the budget and administrative procedures, ratifying treaties, and approving state appointments. In addition, it has the power to impeach or recommend the removal of high officials. The Assembly forms 17 standing committees to deliberate matters of detailed policy. For the most part, these coincide with the ministries of the executive branch. Bills pass through these committees before they reach the floor. However, before they reach committee, they must already have gained the support of at least 20 members, unless they have been introduced by the president. To secure final passage, a bill must be approved by a majority of those present; a tie vote is not sufficient. After passage, bills are sent to the president for approval; they must be approved within 15 days. Each year, the budget bill is submitted to the National Assembly by the executive. By law, it must be submitted at least 90 days before the start of the
fiscal year A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is used in government accounting, which varies between countries, and for budget purposes. It is also used for financial reporting by businesses and other organizations. Laws in many ...
, and the final version must be approved at least 30 days before the start of the fiscal year. The Assembly is also responsible for auditing accounts of past expenditures, which must be submitted at least 120 days before the start of the fiscal year. Sessions of the Assembly may be either regular (once a year, for no more than 100 days) or extraordinary (by request of the president or a caucus, no more than 30 days). These sessions are open-door by default but can be closed to the public by majority vote or by decree of the Speaker. In order for laws to be passed in any session, a
quorum A quorum is the minimum number of members of a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature) necessary to conduct the business of that group. According to ''Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised'', the ...
of half the members must be present. Currently, seven
political parties A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...
are represented in the National Assembly.


Executive branch

The executive branch is headed by the
president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
. The president is elected directly by the people, and is the only elected member of the national executive. The president serves for one five-year term; additional terms are not permitted. The president is
head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
,
head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...
and commander-in-chief of the South Korean armed forces. The president is vested with the power to declare war, and can also propose legislation to the National Assembly. The president can also declare a state of emergency or martial law, subject to the Assembly's subsequent approval. The President can veto bills, subject to a two-thirds majority veto override by the National Assembly. However, the president does not have the power to dissolve the National Assembly. This safeguard reflects the experience of authoritarian governments under the
First First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
,
Third Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * Second#Sexagesimal divisions of calendar time and day, 1⁄60 of a ''second'', or 1⁄3600 of a ''minute'' Places * 3rd Street (d ...
, and Fourth Republics. The president is assisted in his or her duties by the
Prime Minister of South Korea The prime minister of the Republic of Korea (PMOTROK or PMOSK; ) is the deputy head of government and the second highest political office of South Korea who is appointed by the President of the Republic of Korea, with the National Assembly's app ...
as well as the Presidential Secretariat (대통령비서실, 大統領祕書室). The Prime Minister is appointed by the president upon the approval of the National Assembly, and has the power to recommend the appointment or dismissal of the Cabinet ministers. The officeholder is not required to be a member of the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is assisted in his/her duties by the Prime Minister's Office which houses both the
Office for Government Policy Coordination The Office for Government Policy Coordination (), OPC in short, is a government agency of South Korea consisting Prime Minister's Office with Prime Minister's Secretariat (PMS). It is led by a ministerial-level Minister for Government Policy Coor ...
(국무조정실, 國務調整室) and the Prime Minister’s Secretariat (국무총리비서실, 國務總理祕書室), the former of which is headed by a cabinet-level minister and the latter by a vice minister-level chief of staff. if the president is unable to fulfill his duties, the Prime Minister assumes the president's powers and takes control of the state until the President can once again fulfill his/her duties or until a new president is elected.대한민국 헌법 제4장 제1절 제71조
/ref> if they are suspected of serious wrongdoing, the president and cabinet-level officials are subject to
impeachment Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In ...
by the National Assembly. Once the National Assembly votes in favor of the impeachment the Constitutional Court should either confirm or reject the impeachment resolution, once again reflecting the system of checks and balances between the three branches of the government. The
State Council State Council may refer to: Government * State Council of the Republic of Korea, the national cabinet of South Korea, headed by the President * State Council of the People's Republic of China, the national cabinet and chief administrative auth ...
(국무회의, 國務會議, ''gungmuhoeui'') is the highest body and national cabinet for policy deliberation and resolution in the executive branch of the Republic of Korea. The Constitution of the Republic of Korea mandates that the Cabinet be composed of between 15 and 30 members including the Chairperson, and currently the Cabinet includes the President, the Prime Minister, the Vice Prime Minister (the Minister of Strategy and Finance), and the cabinet-level ministers of the 17 ministries. The Constitution designates the President as the chairperson of the Cabinet and the Prime Minister as the vice chairperson. Nevertheless, the Prime Minister frequently holds the meetings without the presence of the President as the meeting can be lawfully held as long as the majority of the Cabinet members are present at the meeting. Also, as many government agencies have moved out of Seoul into other parts of the country since 2013, the need to hold Cabinet meetings without having to convene in one place at the same time has been growing, and therefore the law has been amended to allow Cabinet meetings in a visual teleconference format. Although not the official members of the Cabinet, the chief presidential secretary (대통령비서실장, 大統領祕書室長), the Minister of the Office for Government Policy Coordination (국무조정실장, 國務調整室長), the Minister of Government Legislation (법제처장, 法制處長), the Minister of Patriots and Veterans Affairs (국가보훈처장, 國家報勳處長), the Minister of Food and Drug Safety (식품의약품안전처장, 食品醫藥品安全處長), the Chairperson of Korea Fair Trade Commission (공정거래위원장, 公正去來委員長), the Chairperson of Financial Services Commission (금융위원장, 金融委員長), the Mayor of
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 ...
Special City (서울특별시장, 서울特別市長), and other officials designated by law or deemed necessary by the Chairperson of the Cabinet can also attend the Cabinet meetings and speak in front of the Cabinet without the right to vote on the matters discussed in the meetings The Mayor of Seoul, although being the head of a local autonomous region in South Korea and not directly related to the central executive branch, has been allowed to attend the Cabinet meeting considering the special status of Seoul (Special City) and its mayor (the only cabinet-level mayor in Korea). It has to be noted that the Cabinet of the Republic of Korea performs somewhat different roles than those of many other nations with similar forms. As the Korean political system is basically a presidential system yet with certain aspects of parliamentary cabinet system combined, the Cabinet of the Republic of Korea also is a combination of both systems. More specifically, the Korean Cabinet performs policy resolutions as well as policy consultations to the President. Reflecting that the Republic of Korea is basically a presidential republic the Cabinet resolutions cannot bind the president's decision, and in this regard, the Korean Cabinet is similar to those advisory counsels in strict presidential republics. At the same time, however, the Constitution of the Republic of Korea specifies in details 17 categories including budgetary and military matters, which necessitates the resolution of the Cabinet in addition to the President's approval, and in this regard the Korean Cabinet is similar to those cabinets in strict parliamentary cabinet systems. The official residence and office of the President of the Republic of Korea is
Cheongwadae Cheong Wa Dae ( ko, 청와대; Hanja: ; ), also known as the Blue House, is a public park that formerly served as the executive office and official residence of the president of South Korea from 1948 to 2022. It is located in the Jongno distri ...
(청와대, 靑瓦臺), located in
Jongno-gu Bosingak bell pavilion Jongno District () is a district () in central Seoul, South Korea. It takes its name from a major local street, Jongno, which means "Bell Road". Characteristics Jongno District has been the center of the city for 600 yea ...
, Seoul. The name "Cheongwadae" literally means "the house with blue-tiled roof" and is named as such due to its appearance. In addition to the Office of the President, Cheongwadae (청와대, 靑瓦臺) also houses the Office of National Security (국가안보실, 國家安保室) and the Presidential Security Service (대통령경호실, 大統領警護室) to assist the President.


Ministries

Currently, 18 ministries exist in the South Korean government. The 18 ministers are appointed by the President and report to the Prime Minister. Also, some ministries have affiliated agencies (listed below), which report both to the Prime Minister and to the minister of the affiliated ministry. Each affiliated agency is headed by a vice-minister-level commissioner except Prosecution Service which is led by a minister-level Prosecutor General. The Minister of Strategy and Finance and the Minister of Education, by law, automatically assume the positions of Deputy Prime Ministers of the Republic of Korea. The respective ministers of the below ministries assume the President's position in the below order, if the President cannot perform his/her duty and the Prime Minister cannot assume the President's position. Also note that the Constitution and the affiliated laws of the Republic of Korea stipulates only so far as the Prime Minister and the 17 ministers as those who can assume the President's position. Moreover, if the Prime Minister cannot perform his/her duty the Vice Prime Minister will assume the Prime Minister's position, and if both the Prime Minister and the Vice Prime Minister cannot perform the Prime Minister's role the President can either pick one of the 17 ministers to assume the Prime Minister's position or let the 17 ministers assume the position according to the below order. The commissioner of National Tax Service, a vice-minister-level official by law, is customarily considered to be a minister-level official due to the importance of National Tax Service. For example, the vice-commissioner of the agency will attend meetings where other agencies would send their commissioners, and the commissioner of the agency will attend meetings where minister-level officials convene. * Ministry of Economy and Finance (기획재정부, 企劃財政部) ** National Tax Service (국세청, 國稅廳) **
Korea Customs Service The Korea Customs Service (, KCS) is one of tax organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The headquarters is in Seo District, Daejeon Daejeon () is South Korea's fifth-largest metropolis, with a popu ...
(관세청, 關稅廳) **
Public Procurement Service The Public Procurement Service (, PPS) is a governmental organization in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. It is tasked with the purchasing, supply and management of materials required for major building works in th ...
(조달청, 調達廳) ** Statistics Korea (통계청, 統計廳) *
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
(교육부, 敎育部) *
Ministry of Science and ICT The Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT; ; Hanja: 科學技術情報通信部) is a ministry of the government of South Korea. It succeeded the former Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The headquarters was originally in Gwacheon, Gyeong ...
(과학기술정보통신부, 科學技術情報通信部) *
Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ...
(외교부, 外交部) *
Ministry of Unification The Ministry of Unification is an executive department of the South Korean government aimed at promoting Korean reunification. It was first established in 1969 as the ''National Unification Board'', under the rule of Park Chung-hee. It gained its ...
(통일부, 統一部) *
Ministry of Justice A Ministry of Justice is a common type of government department that serves as a justice ministry. Lists of current ministries of justice Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Justice (Abkhazia) * Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Just ...
(법무부, 法務部) ** Supreme Prosecutors' Office (검찰청, 檢察廳) *
Ministry of National Defense {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...
(국방부, 國防部) **
Military Manpower Administration The Military Manpower Administration () is one of a military organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of National Defense. The headquarters are in Seo District, Daejeon. History *July 17, 1948: Assignment of military a ...
(병무청, 兵務廳) **
Defense Acquisition Program Administration The Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) was founded on January 1, 2006 as part of a comprehensive reform of the defense acquisition project, including the introduction and development of weapons, and is a central administrative agenc ...
(방위사업청, 防衛事業廳) *
Ministry of the Interior and Safety The Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS, ) is a branch of the Government of South Korea. The headquarters are in Sejong City. It is responsible for national administration, management of government organizations, and e-government. Furthermo ...
(행정안전부, 行政安全部) **
National Police Agency National Police may refer to the national police forces of several countries: *Afghanistan: Afghan National Police *Haiti: Haitian National Police *Colombia: National Police of Colombia *Cuba: Cuban National Police *East Timor: National Police of E ...
(경찰청, 警察廳) **
National Fire Agency The National Fire Agency of the Ministry of the Interior (NFA; ) is a statutory agency under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The agency provides emergency medical, fire prevention, firefighting and disaster rescue s ...
(소방청, 消防廳) *
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) is a central government agency responsible for the areas of tourism, culture, art, religion, and sports. It has two vice ministers, three assistant ministers, one commission, and ...
(문화체육관광부, 文化體育觀光部) **
Cultural Heritage Administration The Cultural Heritage Administration () or CHA, formerly the Cultural Properties Administration, is the agency of the South Korean government charged with preserving and promoting Korean cultural heritage. It is headquartered in the city of Dae ...
(문화재청, 文化財廳) * Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (농림축산식품부, 農林畜産食品部) **
Rural Development Administration The Rural Development Administration (, RDA) is an agriculture organization in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. The headquarters are in Wansan-gu, Jeonju Jeonju () is the 16th largest city in So ...
(농촌진흥청, 農村振興廳) **
Korea Forest Service The Korea Forest Service is an independent agency specializing in forestry that is overseen by the South Korean Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. It is charged with maintaining South Korea's forest lands. The current minis ...
(산림청, 山林廳) *
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) is a ministry under the Government of South Korea. It is concerned with regulating some economic policy, especially with regard to the industrial and energy sectors. The ministry also works to e ...
(산업통상자원부, 産業通商資源部) **
Korean Intellectual Property Office The Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) is the patent office and intellectual property office of South Korea. In 2000, the name of the office was changed from "Korean Industrial Property Office" to "Korean Intellectual Property Office". It i ...
(특허청, 特許廳) * Ministry of Health and Welfare (보건복지부, 保健福祉部) ** Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (질병관리청, 疾病管理廳) *
Ministry of Environment An environmental ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for the environment and/or natural resources. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of the Environment ...
(환경부, 環境部) **
Korea Meteorological Administration The Korea Meteorological Administration () (KMA) is the national meteorological service of the Republic of Korea. The service started in 1904 joining the WMO in 1956. Numerical Weather Prediction is performed using the Unified Model software suit ...
(기상청, 氣象廳) *
Ministry of Employment and Labor South Korea's Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL, 고용노동부) is a cabinet-level ministry overseeing labor affairs. Its predecessor agency, the Division of Labor, was established under the direction of the Minister of Social Affairs ( ...
(고용노동부, 雇用勞動部) *
Ministry of Gender Equality and Family The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (), or formerly the Ministry of Gender Equality (여성부, 女性部, ), is a cabinet-level division of the government of South Korea. It was created on February 28, 1998 as the ''Presidential Commissio ...
(여성가족부, 女性家族部) * Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (국토교통부, 國土交通部) **
National Agency for Administrative City Construction The National Agency for Administrative City Construction (, NAACC) is an organization under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport responsible for completing the Multifunctional Administrative City (MAC) in Sejong City. It was founde ...
(행정중심복합도시건설청, 行政中心複合都市建設廳) ** Saemangeum Development and Investment Agency (새만금개발청, 새萬金開發廳) *
Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF, ko, 대한민국 해양수산부), is a cabinet-level division of the government of South Korea. It takes overall responsibilities for maritime and fisheries sectors in general, ranging from the promoti ...
(해양수산부, 海洋水産部) **
Korea Coast Guard The Korean Coast Guard (KCG; ko, 해양경찰청; Hanja: , Revised Romanization: Haeyang-gyeongchal-cheong, literally ''Maritime Police Agency'') is a South Korean law enforcement sub-agency responsible for maritime safety and control off th ...
(해양경찰청, 海洋警察廳) *
Ministry of SMEs and Startups The Ministry of SMEs and Startups (중소벤처기업부, 中小벤처企業部) is a ministry of the Republic of Korea, established in July 2017 by the Moon Jae-in government. It succeeds the former Small and Medium Business Administration (중 ...
(중소벤처기업부, 中小벤처企業部)


Independent agencies

The following agencies report directly to the President: *
Board of Audit and Inspection The Board of Audit and Inspection (, BAI) is a national organization headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. Its primary function is the audit and inspection of the accounts of state and administrative bodies. See also *Anti-Corruption and Civil Rig ...
(감사원, 監査院) :: The chairperson of the board, responsible for general administrative oversight, must be approved by the National Assembly to be appointed by the President. Also, although the law provides no explicit regulation regarding the chairperson's rank in the Korean government hierarchy, it is customary to consider the chairperson of the board to enjoy the same rank as a Vice Prime Minister. This is because the law stipulates that the secretary general of the board, the second highest position in the organization, be the rank of minister and therefore the chairperson, directly over the secretary general in the organization, should be at least the rank of Vice Prime Minister in order to be able to control the whole organization without any power clash. * National Intelligence Service (국가정보원, 國家情報院) *
Korea Communications Commission Korea Communications Commission () is a South Korean media regulation agency modeled after the Federal Communications Commission of the United States of America. It was established on February 29, 2008, combining the former ''Korean Broadcasting C ...
(방송통신위원회, 放送通信委員會) *
National Human Rights Commission of Korea The National Human Rights Commission of Korea (abbreviated to NHRCK) () is the independent commission for protecting, advocating and promoting human rights. This commission, by law, is guaranteed the independent status regarding all human rights ...
(국가인권위원회, 國家人權委員會, NHRCK) is an
independent agency A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous dominion over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulati ...
for protecting and promoting human rights in South Korea. Though the NHRCK regards itself as independent from all three branches of the government, it is officially regarded as an independent administrative agency inside the executive branch, according to judgment by the
Constitutional Court of Korea The Constitutional Court of Korea () is highest constitutional court in judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Jongno, Seoul. Established under Chapter 6 of the Constitution of South Korea, the Court has ultimate jurisdiction over judicial ...
in 2010. It burdens duty to report its annul report directly to the President and the National Assembly, by Article 29 of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea Act. The following councils advise the president on pertinent issues: *
National Security Council A national security council (NSC) is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security. An NSC is often headed by a na ...
(국가안전보장회의, 國家安全保障會議) *
National Unification Advisory Council The Peaceful Unification Advisory Council (, 民主平和統一諮問會議) is the constitutional organization, established in accordance with the Article 92 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and the National Unification Advisory Cou ...
(민주평화통일자문회의, 民主平和統一諮問會議) *
National Economic Advisory Council The National Economic Advisory Council was set up by second Labour government of United Kingdom Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. The Prime Minister chaired the Council which included several cabinet ministers, businessmen, the trade unionist Ern ...
(국민경제자문회의, 國民經濟諮問會議) *
Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...
(국가과학기술자문회의, 國家科學技術諮問會議) The following agencies report directly to the Prime Minister: * Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs (국가보훈처, 國家報勳處) * Ministry of Personnel Management (인사혁신처, 人事革新處) *
Ministry of Government Legislation The Ministry of Government Legislation () is a ministry under the Prime Minister of South Korea. The headquarters are in Sejong. History In the early era of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), the Geum-sang-jo-rye-sa under Eui-jeong-bu was in char ...
(법제처, 法制處) *
Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Ministry may refer to: Government * Ministry (collective executive), the complete body of government ministers under the leadership of a prime minister * Ministry (government department), a department of a government Religion * Christian mi ...
(식품의약품안전처, 食品醫藥品安全處) * Fair Trade Commission (공정거래위원회, 公正去來委員會) *
Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission The Korean Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (ACRC) was launched on February 29, 2008 by merging three related government entities: the Ombudsman of Korea, the Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption and the Administrative Appea ...
(국민권익위원회, 國民權益委員會) * Financial Services Commission (금융위원회, 金融委員會) *
Personal Information Protection Commission (South Korea) The Personal Information Protection Commission is national data protection authority of South Korea. It is formed as independent agency in year 2011 by 'Personal Information Protection Act(PIPA, ko, 개인정보 보호법)', and is now located in ...
(개인정보보호위원회, 個人情報保護委員會) *
Nuclear Safety and Security Commission The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (, NSSC) is one of a nuclear organizations in South Korea and is run under the Prime Minister's Office. The headquarters are in Jongno District, Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Sp ...
(원자력안전위원회, 原子力安全委員會) The following agency report only to the National Assembly: *
Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials The Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials (), or CIO in short, is an independent agency of the South Korean government responsible for prosecuting crimes and investigating allegations involving "high-ranking officials" or the ...
(, CIO) :: It is an
independent agency A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous dominion over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulati ...
for anti-corruption of high-ranking officials in South Korean government, established by 'Act On The Establishment And Operation Of The Corruption Investigation Office For High-ranking Officials'. According to judgment by the
Constitutional Court of Korea The Constitutional Court of Korea () is highest constitutional court in judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Jongno, Seoul. Established under Chapter 6 of the Constitution of South Korea, the Court has ultimate jurisdiction over judicial ...
in 2021, the CIO is officially interpreted as an independent agency inside the executive branch of the South Korean government, which means independence from the
Cabinet of South Korea The State Council of the Republic of Korea () is the chief executive body and national cabinet of the Republic of Korea involved in discussing "important policies that fall within the power of the Executive" as specified by the Constitution. The mo ...
and the
Office of the President Office of the President can refer to: * Office of the President of Brazil * Office of the President of the People's Republic of China (entity in the Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party) * Office of the President (Republi ...
. By article 3(3) and 17(2) of the Act, CIO's report on the
President of South Korea The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (often abbreviated to POTROK or POSK; ), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea. The president leads the State Council, and is ...
is strictly prohibited, and it only reports to the
National Assembly of South Korea The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, often shortened to the National Assembly in domestic English-language media, is the unicameral national legislature of South Korea. Elections to the National Assembly are held every four years. T ...
.


Relocation of government agencies

Until 2013, almost all of the central government agencies were located in either Seoul or Gwacheon government complex, with the exception of a few agencies located in Daejeon government complex. Considering that Gwacheon is a city constructed just outside Seoul to house the new government complex, virtually all administrative functions of South Korea were still concentrated in Seoul. It has been decided, however, that government agencies decide if they will relocate themselves to
Sejong Special Self-Governing City Sejong (; ), officially the Sejong Special Self-Governing City (), is a special self-governing city and ''de facto'' administrative capital of South Korea. Sejong was founded in 2007 as the new planned capital of South Korea from many parts of ...
, which was created from territory comprising
South Chungcheong Province South Chungcheong Province ( ko, 충청남도, ''Chungcheongnam-do''), also known as Chungnam, is a province of South Korea. South Chungcheong has a population of 2,059,871 (2014) and has a geographic area of 8,204 km2 (3,168 sq mi) located in ...
, so that government agencies are better accessible from most parts of South Korea and reduce the concentration of government bureaucracy in Seoul. Since the plan was announced, 22 agencies have moved to the new government complex in Sejong. The following agencies will settle in the
Government Complex Seoul The Government Complex Seoul ( ko, 정부서울청사), formerly known as Central Government Complex (building) ( ko, 정부중앙청사) is government office building complex in Jongno, Seoul. It has one main building and two annex building. In ...
: * Financial Services Commission (금융위원회) *
Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ...
(외교부) *
Ministry of Unification The Ministry of Unification is an executive department of the South Korean government aimed at promoting Korean reunification. It was first established in 1969 as the ''National Unification Board'', under the rule of Park Chung-hee. It gained its ...
(통일부) *
Ministry of Gender Equality and Family The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (), or formerly the Ministry of Gender Equality (여성부, 女性部, ), is a cabinet-level division of the government of South Korea. It was created on February 28, 1998 as the ''Presidential Commissio ...
(여성가족부) The following agencies will settle in Seoul, but in separate locations: *
Board of Audit and Inspection The Board of Audit and Inspection (, BAI) is a national organization headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. Its primary function is the audit and inspection of the accounts of state and administrative bodies. See also *Anti-Corruption and Civil Rig ...
(감사원) will continue to stay in Jongno-gu, Seoul. * National Intelligence Service (국가정보원) will continue to stay in Seocho-gu, Seoul. *
Nuclear Safety and Security Commission The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (, NSSC) is one of a nuclear organizations in South Korea and is run under the Prime Minister's Office. The headquarters are in Jongno District, Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Sp ...
(원자력안전위원회) will continue to stay in Jongno-gu, Seoul. *
National Security Council A national security council (NSC) is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security. An NSC is often headed by a na ...
(국가안전보장회의) will continue to stay in Jongno-gu, Seoul. *
National Unification Advisory Council The Peaceful Unification Advisory Council (, 民主平和統一諮問會議) is the constitutional organization, established in accordance with the Article 92 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and the National Unification Advisory Cou ...
(민주평화통일자문회의) will continue to stay in Jung-gu, Seoul. *
National Economic Advisory Council The National Economic Advisory Council was set up by second Labour government of United Kingdom Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. The Prime Minister chaired the Council which included several cabinet ministers, businessmen, the trade unionist Ern ...
(국민경제자문회의) will continue to stay in Jongno-gu, Seoul. *
Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...
(국가과학기술자문회의) will continue to stay in Jongno-gu, Seoul. *
Ministry of National Defense {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...
(국방부) will continue to stay in Yongsan-gu, Seoul. * Supreme Prosecutors' Office (검찰청) will continue to stay in Seocho-gu, Seoul. *
National Police Agency National Police may refer to the national police forces of several countries: *Afghanistan: Afghan National Police *Haiti: Haitian National Police *Colombia: National Police of Colombia *Cuba: Cuban National Police *East Timor: National Police of E ...
(경찰청) will continue to stay in Seodaemun-gu, Seoul. The following agencies will settle in Government Complex Gwacheon: *
Korea Communications Commission Korea Communications Commission () is a South Korean media regulation agency modeled after the Federal Communications Commission of the United States of America. It was established on February 29, 2008, combining the former ''Korean Broadcasting C ...
(방송통신위원회) *
Ministry of Justice A Ministry of Justice is a common type of government department that serves as a justice ministry. Lists of current ministries of justice Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Justice (Abkhazia) * Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Just ...
(법무부) *
Defense Acquisition Program Administration The Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) was founded on January 1, 2006 as part of a comprehensive reform of the defense acquisition project, including the introduction and development of weapons, and is a central administrative agenc ...
(방위사업청) The following agencies will settle in
Government Complex, Daejeon The Government Complex Daejeon ( ko, 정부대전청사), which is located in Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu at the city of Daejeon, is a set of four buildings holding several government agencies of South Korea. The area of the Government Complex, Daejeon ...
: *
Korea Customs Service The Korea Customs Service (, KCS) is one of tax organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The headquarters is in Seo District, Daejeon Daejeon () is South Korea's fifth-largest metropolis, with a popu ...
(관세청) *
Public Procurement Service The Public Procurement Service (, PPS) is a governmental organization in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. It is tasked with the purchasing, supply and management of materials required for major building works in th ...
(조달청) * Statistics Korea (통계청) *
Military Manpower Administration The Military Manpower Administration () is one of a military organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of National Defense. The headquarters are in Seo District, Daejeon. History *July 17, 1948: Assignment of military a ...
(병무청) *
Cultural Heritage Administration The Cultural Heritage Administration () or CHA, formerly the Cultural Properties Administration, is the agency of the South Korean government charged with preserving and promoting Korean cultural heritage. It is headquartered in the city of Dae ...
(문화재청) *
Korea Forest Service The Korea Forest Service is an independent agency specializing in forestry that is overseen by the South Korean Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. It is charged with maintaining South Korea's forest lands. The current minis ...
(산림청) *
Korean Intellectual Property Office The Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) is the patent office and intellectual property office of South Korea. In 2000, the name of the office was changed from "Korean Industrial Property Office" to "Korean Intellectual Property Office". It i ...
(특허청) *
Korea Meteorological Administration The Korea Meteorological Administration () (KMA) is the national meteorological service of the Republic of Korea. The service started in 1904 joining the WMO in 1956. Numerical Weather Prediction is performed using the Unified Model software suit ...
(기상청) The following agencies will settle in Government Complex Sejong: * Office for Government Policy Coordination, Prime Minister's Secretariat (국무조정실, 국무총리비서실) * Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs (국가보훈처) * Ministry of Personnel Management (인사혁신처) *
Ministry of Government Legislation The Ministry of Government Legislation () is a ministry under the Prime Minister of South Korea. The headquarters are in Sejong. History In the early era of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), the Geum-sang-jo-rye-sa under Eui-jeong-bu was in char ...
(법제처) * Fair Trade Commission (공정거래위원회) *
Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission The Korean Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (ACRC) was launched on February 29, 2008 by merging three related government entities: the Ombudsman of Korea, the Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption and the Administrative Appea ...
(국민권익위원회) * Ministry of Strategy and Finance (기획재정부) *
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
(교육부) *
Ministry of Science and ICT The Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT; ; Hanja: 科學技術情報通信部) is a ministry of the government of South Korea. It succeeded the former Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The headquarters was originally in Gwacheon, Gyeong ...
(과학기술정보통신부) *
Ministry of the Interior and Safety The Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS, ) is a branch of the Government of South Korea. The headquarters are in Sejong City. It is responsible for national administration, management of government organizations, and e-government. Furthermo ...
(행정안전부) *
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) is a central government agency responsible for the areas of tourism, culture, art, religion, and sports. It has two vice ministers, three assistant ministers, one commission, and ...
(문화체육관광부) * Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (농림축산식품부) *
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) is a ministry under the Government of South Korea. It is concerned with regulating some economic policy, especially with regard to the industrial and energy sectors. The ministry also works to e ...
(산업통상자원부) * Ministry of Health and Welfare (보건복지부) *
Ministry of Environment An environmental ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for the environment and/or natural resources. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of the Environment ...
(환경부) *
Ministry of Employment and Labor South Korea's Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL, 고용노동부) is a cabinet-level ministry overseeing labor affairs. Its predecessor agency, the Division of Labor, was established under the direction of the Minister of Social Affairs ( ...
(고용노동부) * Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (국토교통부) * Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (해양수산부) *
Ministry of SMEs and Startups The Ministry of SMEs and Startups (중소벤처기업부, 中小벤처企業部) is a ministry of the Republic of Korea, established in July 2017 by the Moon Jae-in government. It succeeds the former Small and Medium Business Administration (중 ...
(중소벤처기업부) * National Tax Service (국세청) *
National Fire Agency The National Fire Agency of the Ministry of the Interior (NFA; ) is a statutory agency under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The agency provides emergency medical, fire prevention, firefighting and disaster rescue s ...
(소방청) * Multifunctional Administrative City Construction Agency (행정중심복합도시건설청) The following agencies will settle in separate locations: *
Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Ministry may refer to: Government * Ministry (collective executive), the complete body of government ministers under the leadership of a prime minister * Ministry (government department), a department of a government Religion * Christian mi ...
(식품의약품안전처) will continue to stay in
Cheongju Cheongju () is the capital and largest List of cities in South Korea, city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea. History Cheongju has been an important provincial town since ancient times. In the Cheongju Mountains, specifically in the ...
,
North Chungcheong Province North Chungcheong Province ( ko, 충청북도, ''Chungcheongbuk-do''), also known as Chungbuk, is a province of South Korea. North Chungcheong has a population of 1,578,934 (2014) and has a geographic area of located in the Hoseo region in the s ...
. *
Rural Development Administration The Rural Development Administration (, RDA) is an agriculture organization in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. The headquarters are in Wansan-gu, Jeonju Jeonju () is the 16th largest city in So ...
(농촌진흥청) will move to
Jeonju Jeonju () is the 16th largest city in South Korea and the capital of North Jeolla Province. It is both urban and rural due to the closeness of Wanju County which almost entirely surrounds Jeonju (Wanju County has many residents who work in Jeonju) ...
,
North Jeolla Province North Jeolla Province (; ''Jeollabuk-do''), also known as Jeonbuk, is a province of South Korea. North Jeolla has a population of 1,869,711 (2015) and has a geographic area of 8,067 km2 (3,115 sq mi) located in the Honam region in the southwest ...
. *
Saemangeum Development Agency Saemangeum is an estuarine tidal flat on the coast of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. It was dammed by the government of South Korea's Saemangeum Seawall Project, completed on April 27, 2010, after a long fight between the government and envir ...
(새만금개발청) will move to
Saemangeum Saemangeum is an estuary, estuarine tidal flat on the coast of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. It was dammed by the government of South Korea's Saemangeum Seawall, Saemangeum Seawall Project, completed on April 27, 2010, after a long fight betw ...
development project area. *
Korea Coast Guard The Korean Coast Guard (KCG; ko, 해양경찰청; Hanja: , Revised Romanization: Haeyang-gyeongchal-cheong, literally ''Maritime Police Agency'') is a South Korean law enforcement sub-agency responsible for maritime safety and control off th ...
(해양경찰청) will continue to stay in Songdo, Yeonsu-gu,
Incheon Metropolitan City Incheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Kore ...
.


Judicial branch

The judicial branch of South Korea is organized into two groups. One is the
Constitutional Court A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established ...
which is the
highest court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
on adjudication of matters on
constitutionality Constitutionality is said to be the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; "Webster On Line" the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or set forth in the applicable constitution. When l ...
, including
judicial review Judicial review is a process under which executive, legislative and administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. A court with authority for judicial review may invalidate laws, acts and governmental actions that are incompat ...
and
constitutional review Constitutional review, or constitutionality review or constitutional control, is the evaluation, in some country, countries, of the constitutionality of the laws. It is supposed to be a system of preventing violation of the rights granted by the con ...
. Another is ordinary courts on matters except jurisdiction of
Constitutional Court A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established ...
. These ordinary courts are regarding the
Supreme Court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
as the highest court. Both the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the President of the Constitutional Court have equivalent status as two heads of the judiciary branch in South Korea.


Elections

Elections in South Korea Elections in South Korea are held on a national level to select the President and the National Assembly. Local elections are held every four years to elect governors, metropolitan mayors, municipal mayors, and provincial and municipal legislature ...
are held on national level to select the
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
and the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repre ...
. South Korea has a
multi-party In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in c ...
system, with two dominant
parties A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature fo ...
and numerous third parties. Elections are overseen by the Electoral Branch of the National Election Commission. The most recent
presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pre ...
was held on 9 March 2022. The president is directly elected for a single five-year term by plurality vote. The National Assembly has 300 members elected for a four-year term, 253 in single-seat
constituencies An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger state (a country, administrative region, or other polity ...
and 47 members by
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...
. Each individual party intending to represent its policies in the National Assembly must be qualified through the assembly's general election by either: i) the national party-vote reaching over 3.00% on a proportional basis or ii) more than 5 members of their party being elected in each of their
first-past-the-post In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast their ...
election constituencies.Representation System(Elected Person)
, the NEC, Retrieved on April 10, 2008


Local governments

Local autonomy was established as a constitutional principle of South Korea beginning with the First Republic. However, for much of the 20th century this principle was not honored. From 1965 to 1995, local governments were run directly by provincial governments, which in turn were run directly by the national government. However, since the elections of 1995, a degree of
local autonomy Local may refer to: Geography and transportation * Local (train), a train serving local traffic demand * Local, Missouri, a community in the United States * Local government, a form of public administration, usually the lowest tier of administrat ...
has been restored. Local magistrates and assemblies are elected in each of the primary and secondary
administrative divisions of South Korea South Korea is made up of 17 first-tier administrative divisions: 6 metropolitan cities (''gwangyeoksi'' ), 1 special city (''teukbyeolsi'' ), 1 special self-governing city (''teukbyeol-jachisi'' ), and 9 provinces ('' do'' ), including one ...
, that is, in every province, metropolitan or special city, and district. Officials at lower levels, such as ''eup'' and ''dong'', are appointed by the city or county government. As noted above, local autonomy does not extend to the judicial branch. It also does not yet extend to many other areas, including fire protection and education, which are managed by independent national agencies. Local governments also have very limited policy-making authority; generally, the most that they can do is decide how national policies will be implemented. However, there is some political pressure for the scope of local autonomy to be extended. Although the chief executive of each district is locally elected, deputy executives are still appointed by the central government. It is these deputy officials who have detailed authority over most administrative matters.


Civil service

The South Korean civil service is managed by the Ministry of Personnel Management. This is large, and remains a largely closed system, although efforts at openness and reform are ongoing. In order to gain a position in civil service, it is usually necessary to pass one or more difficult examinations. Positions have traditionally been handed out based on seniority, in a complex graded system; however, this system was substantially reformed in 1998. There are more than 800,000
civil servants The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil servants hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leaders ...
in South Korea today. More than half of these are employed by the central government; only about 300,000 are employed by local governments. In addition, only a few thousand each are employed by the national legislative and judicial branches; the overwhelming majority are employed in the various ministries of the executive branch. The size of the civil service increased steadily from the 1950s to the late 1990s, but has dropped slightly since 1995. The civil service, not including political appointees and elected officials, is composed of career civil servants and contract civil servants. Contract servants are typically paid higher wages and hired for specific jobs. Career civil servants make up the bulk of the civil service, and are arranged in a nine-tiered system in which grade 1 is occupied by assistant ministers and grade 9 by the newest and lowest-level employees. Promotions are decided by a combination of seniority, training, and performance review. Civil servants' base salary makes up less than half of their annual pay; the remainder is supplied in a complex system of bonuses. Contract civil servants are paid on the basis of the competitive rates of pay in the
private sector The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is owned by private groups, usually as a means of establishment for profit or non profit, rather than being owned by the government. Employment The ...
.


See also

*
Government of North Korea In the North Korean government, the Cabinet is the administrative and executive body. The North Korean government consists of three branches: administrative, legislative, and judicial. However, they are not independent of each other, but all br ...
*
Politics of South Korea The politics of the Republic of Korea take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is the head of state, and of a multi-party system. The government exercises executive power and l ...
*
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repre ...
*
Judiciary of South Korea The judiciary of South Korea ( ko, 대한민국 사법부, 대한민국의 사법기관) is judicial branch ( ko, 사법부) of South Korean central government, established by Chapter 5 and 6 of the Constitution of South Korea. * Under the Cha ...


References


Further reading

* *


External links

* {{Authority control