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Today South Australia's land borders are defined to the west by the 129° east longitude (129° east) with Western Australia, to the north by the
26th parallel south The 26th parallel south latitude is a circle of latitude that is 26 degrees south of Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australia, the Pacific Ocean and South America. Around the world Starting ...
latitude (26° south) with the Northern Territory and Queensland and to the east by 141° east longitude (141° east) with Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria; however, this is not where all borders are actually marked on the ground. The South Australian boundaries are shared with the West Australian border, the Northern Territory border, the Queensland borders, the
New South Wales border New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz (South Korean band), The Boyz Albums and EPs * New (album), ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartn ...
and the Victorian border—that is, all states and territories except for the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania.


History


1788–1832

In
1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...
,
Governor Phillip Admiral Arthur Phillip (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British Royal Navy officer who served as the first governor of the Colony of New South Wales. Phillip was educated at Greenwich Hospital School from June 1751 until ...
claimed the continent of Australia only as far west as the 135th meridian east longitude (135° east) in accordance with his commission. ( 26 January 1788 – Map) The line of 129° east first became a border in Australia as the western border of New South Wales (NSW) in 1825 ( 16 July 1825 – Map). On 16 July 1825, the western boundary of New South Wales was relocated at 129° east to take in the new settlement at Melville Island. From 1825 to 1829 129° east was the NSW border. Following the settlement of the
Swan River Colony The Swan River Colony, also known as the Swan River Settlement, or just Swan River, was a British colony established in 1829 on the Swan River, in Western Australia. This initial settlement place on the Swan River was soon named Perth, and it ...
(SRC) in
1829 Events January–March * January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's ''Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * March ...
( 2 May 1829 – Map), the eastern boundary was declared to be 129° east, that is coinciding with the western boundary of New South Wales at the time. The colony of Western Australia (WA) was commissioned in March
1831 Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto establ ...
. From 1829 to 1832 129° east was the SRC/NSW border.


1832–1836

The name of the Swan River Colony changed to Western Australia in 1832 ( 6 February 1832 – Map). From 1832 to 1846 129° east was the WA/NSW border.


1836–1846

South Australia became a colony in 1836 and until 1846 would be surrounded on land by New South Wales (NSW), with South Australia extending west to the 132° east longitude. (132° east) and north to 26° south ( 28 December 1836 – Map). From 1836 to 1846 129° east was the WA/NSW border. 132° east was the SA/NSW border as were 26° south and 141° east.


1846–1847

In 1846 the colony of
North Australia North Australia can refer to a short-lived former British colony, a former federal territory of the Commonwealth of Australia, or a proposed state which would replace the current Northern Territory. Colony (1846–1847) A colony of North Austr ...
(NA) was proclaimed by Letters Patent, which was all of New South Wales north of 26° south ( 17 February 1846 – Map). From 1846 to 1847 129° east was the WA/NSW border and the WA/NA border. 132° east was the SA/NSW border, while 26° south became the SA/NA border and 141° east remained the SA/NSW border.


1847–1851

In 1847 the colony of North Australia was revoked and reincorporated into New South Wales. ( 15 April 1847 – Map), so South Australia was once again surrounded by New South Wales on all land borders. From 1847 to 1860 129° east was once again the WA/NSW border. From 1847 132° east was again the SA/NSW border, and 26° south was also the SA/NSW border. 141° east would remain the SA/NSW border until 1851.


1851–1859

In 1851 South Australia's eastern border changed again when the colony of Victoria was proclaimed ( 1 July 1851 – Map). From 1851 141° east would change to include both the SA/NSW border and the SA/VIC border.


1859–1860

In 1859 The colony of Queensland is proclaimed by Letters Patent, with its western border set at 141° east ( 6 June 1859 – Map). From 1859 141° east would change to include the SA/QLD border, the SA/NSW border and the SA/VIC border.


1860–1862

In 1860 the western border of South Australia changed from 132° east to 129° east ( 1860 – MAP). From this time on South Australia's western border was also the West Australian border. From 1860 129° east became the SA/WA border from south of 26° south & the WA/NSW border north of 26° south.


1862–1863

In 1862 Queensland's western border north of 26° south) was moved to 139° east (
1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...
). From 1862 26° south became shared as the SA/NSW border and the SA/QLD border between 139° east and 141° east.


1863–1911

In 1863 that part of New South Wales to the north of South Australia was annexed to South Australia by Letters Patent as the Northern Territory of South Australia, which was shortened to the Northern Territory ( 6 July 1863 – Map). From 1863 to 1911 129° east was the WA/NToSA border north of 26° south & the WA/SA border south of 26° south. 26° south became the SA/NToSA border.


1911–1927

In 1911 the Northern Territory was split off from South Australia to be administered by the Commonwealth. ( 1 January 1911 – Map). From 1911 to 1927 129° east was the WA/NT border north of 26° south & the WA/SA border to the south. 26° south became the SA/NT border.


1927–1931

In 1927 the Northern Territory was split into two territories,
North Australia North Australia can refer to a short-lived former British colony, a former federal territory of the Commonwealth of Australia, or a proposed state which would replace the current Northern Territory. Colony (1846–1847) A colony of North Austr ...
and
Central Australia Central Australia, also sometimes referred to as the Red Centre, is an inexactly defined region associated with the geographic centre of Australia. In its narrowest sense it describes a region that is limited to the town of Alice Springs and i ...
. ( 1 March 1927 – Map). From 1927 26° south became the SA/CA border.


1931–present

In 1931 North Australia and Central Australia were reunited as the Northern Territory ( 12 June 1931 – Map). From 1931 26° south once again became the SA/NT border.


Marking the borders on the ground


Early attempts


Marking the SA/WA border on the ground

''See History of fixing SA/WA border on the ground''


Marking the SA/NT border on the ground


Marking the SA/QLD border on the ground


Marking the SA/NSW border on the ground


Marking the SA/VIC border on the ground


Border disputes


The Border Corners


Surveyor Generals Corner

The actual West Australian border with the Northern Territory and South Australia, which has been marked on the ground, is not as straight as it looks, with the WA/NT and WA/SA borders being displaced by approximately 127 m due to early survey errors within the limits of technology available in the 1920s. The 127-metre section that runs east–west along the 26° south is part of the border between Western Australia and the Northern Territory. In June
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Januar ...
, two monuments were erected to mark each end of this 127-metre sideways section, the easternmost of these monuments, being where all three borders meet, was named Surveyor Generals Corner.


Cameron Corner

Cameron Corner is the point in the outback of eastern Australia where the boundary lines of the states of Queensland, South Australia, and New South Wales meet.


Haddon Corner

Haddon Corner Haddon Corner is a heritage-listed site in Tanbar, Shire of Barcoo, Queensland, Australia. It is in outback Channel Country at South-West Queensland, on the border corner with South Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register ...
is the north-eastern corner of the state of South Australia, where it meets with the border of Queensland. The point is located in the outback Channel Country district.


Poeppel Corner

Poeppel Corner (known as Poeppels Corner in Queensland) at latitude 26° S and longitude 138° E is a corner of state boundaries in Australia, where the state of Queensland meets South Australia and the Northern Territory. Poeppel Corner


MacCabe Corner

MacCabe Corner MacCabe Corner is the name given to the south-west corner of the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located west of the town of Wentworth, New South Wales, on a bend of the Murray River. MacCabe Corner is named for Francis MacCabe, a sur ...
is a corner of state boundaries in Australia, where the state of Victoria meets South Australia and New South Wales.


See also

* South Australia-Victoria border dispute * Greenwich Time Signal


References


External links


Australian Government – Geoscience Australia – State and Territory Borders
*{{cite web , title = 1921 WA-NT Border Determinations , publisher = Kununurra Historical Society Inc. (KHS), Kununurra, Western Australia , year = 2011 , url = http://www.kununurra.org.au/research/1921-wa-nt-border-determinations , access-date = 10 January 2012 – This description of the 1921 Kimberley WA/NT border determinations, involving SA Government Astronomer Dodwell, and SA Surveyors Hambidge and Maddern, along with the WA Government Astronomer,
Curlewis Curlewis may refer to : * Curlewis, New South Wales, Australia, in the New England region * Curlewis, Victoria, Australia, a suburb of Geelong * 3898 Curlewis, a minor planet People with the surname Curlewis * Adrian Curlewis (1901–1985), Austral ...
, mixes a news article with diary entries from M.P. Durack and photographs from the KHS Hambidge Collection. The KHS museum in Kununurra has a permanent display and archival material collected about the WA/NT border & the WA/SA border from which some of the research on this page has been based. Borders of Australia Borders of South Australia Borders of New South Wales Borders of the Northern Territory Borders of Queensland Borders of Victoria (state) Borders of Western Australia Geography of South Australia History of South Australia History of New South Wales History of the Northern Territory History of Queensland History of Victoria (state) History of Western Australia