South African Type XM2 Tender
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The South African type XM2 tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-
Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...
era in
Transvaal Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (''i.e.'', beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name Transvaal. * South African Republic (1856–1902; af, ...
. The Type XM2 tender entered service in 1904, as tenders to the Pacific type and Mikado type steam locomotives which were acquired by the
Central South African Railways The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of ...
in that year. In 1912, both locomotive types retained their Class designations on the South African Railways.South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). ''Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte''. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 44.South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). ''Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe''. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 44.


Manufacturers

Type XM2 tenders were built between 1904 and 1912 by
Beyer, Peacock and Company Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester. Founded by Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson, it traded from 1854 until 1966. The company exported locomotives, ...
,
North British Locomotive Company The North British Locomotive Company (NBL, NB Loco or North British) was created in 1903 through the merger of three Glasgow locomotive manufacturing companies; Sharp, Stewart and Company (Atlas Works), Neilson, Reid and Company (Hyde Park Wor ...
and
Vulcan Foundry The Vulcan Foundry Limited was an English locomotive builder sited at Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire (now Merseyside). History The Vulcan Foundry opened in 1832, as Charles Tayleur and Company to produce girders for bridges, switches, crossi ...
. More Type XM2 tenders were subsequently ordered from
Robert Stephenson and Company Robert Stephenson and Company was a locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823 in Forth Street, Newcastle upon Tyne in England. It was the first company in the world created specifically to build railway engines. Famous early locomotiv ...
. The
Central South African Railways The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of ...
(CSAR) placed 15 Class 10 Pacific type and 36 Class 11 Mikado type locomotives in service in 1904. Both locomotives and the tender were designed by P.A. Hyde, Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CSAR. The Type XM2 first entered service as tenders to these two locomotive Classes. The Class 10 was acquired to work the passenger trains on the Natal and Cape mainlines out of
Johannesburg Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu and xh, eGoli ), colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, or "The City of Gold", is the largest city in South Africa, classified as a megacity, and is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world. According to Demo ...
, while the Class 11 entered service on the Reef to haul coal between
Germiston Germiston, also known as kwaDukathole, is a small city in the East Rand region of Gauteng, South Africa, administratively forming part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since the latter's establishment in 2000. It functions as ...
and
Witbank Witbank (), officially Emalahleni, is a city situated on the Highveld of Mpumalanga, South Africa, within the Emalahleni Local Municipality. The name Witbank is Afrikaans for "white ridge", and is named after a white sandstone outcrop where wago ...
.


Characteristics

The tender had a coal capacity of and a water capacity of , with a maximum axle load of .


Locomotives

In the
South African Railways Transnet Freight Rail is a South African rail transport company, formerly known as Spoornet. It was part of the South African Railways and Harbours Administration, a state-controlled organisation that employed hundreds of thousands of people ...
(SAR) years, tenders were numbered for the engines they were delivered with. In most cases, an oval number plate, bearing the engine number and tender type, would be attached to the rear end of the tender. During the classification and renumbering of locomotives onto the SAR roster in 1912, no separate classification and renumbering list was published for tenders, which should have been renumbered according to the locomotive renumbering list. Five locomotive classes were delivered new with Type XM2 tenders. Bearing in mind that tenders could and did migrate between engines, these tenders should have been renumbered in the SAR number ranges as shown.Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000) * 1904: CSAR Class 10, SAR Class 10, numbers 732 to 746. * 1904: CSAR Class 11, SAR Class 11, numbers 912 to 947. * 1910: CSAR Class 10-2 Saturated, SAR Class 10A, numbers 747 to 751. * 1910: CSAR Class 10-2 Superheated, SAR Class 10B, numbers 752 to 761. * 1912: SAR Class 5, numbers 780 to 783. Soon after entering service in 1910, the CSAR Class 10-C light Pacific locomotives, acquired for suburban working, were found to be capable of handling mainline passenger trains. To better equip them for mainline working, an order for twelve new Type XM2 tenders for these engines was placed with Robert Stephenson and Company. Since their original smaller Type XC tenders were already numbered for their respective engines, these new tenders, with Robert Stephenson works numbers D1540/1 to D1540/12, were numbered in the non-revenue earning range from N1 to N12. In addition, 24 more spare Type XM2 tenders were subsequently acquired by the SAR, numbered in the range from N13 to N36.


Classification letters

Since many tender types are interchangeable between different locomotive classes and types, a tender classification system was adopted by the SAR. The first letter of the tender type indicates the classes of engines to which it could be coupled. The "X_" tenders could be used with the following locomotive classes: * Cape Government Railways Mountain, SAR Class 4. * SAR Class 4A. * SAR Class 5. * Cape Government Railways 6th Class of 1897, SAR Class 6B. * ''Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen'' (OVGS) 6th Class L3, SAR Class 6E. * Cape Government Railways 6th Class of 1901 (Neilson, Reid), SAR Class 6H. * Cape Government Railways 6th Class of 1902, SAR Class 6J. * Cape Government Railways 8th Class of 1902, SAR Class 8. * Imperial Military Railways (IMR) 8th Class, SAR Class 8A. * CSAR Class 8-L2, SAR Class 8B. * CSAR Class 8-L3, SAR Class 8C. * Cape Government Railways 8th Class 4-8-0 of 1903, SAR Class 8D. * Cape Government Railways 8th Class Experimental, SAR Class 8E. * Cape Government Railways 8th Class 4-8-0 of 1904, SAR Class 8F. * Cape Government Railways 8th Class 2-8-0 of 1903, SAR Class 8Y. * Cape Government Railways 8th Class 2-8-0 of 1904, SAR Class 8Z. * CSAR Class 9, SAR Class 9. * CSAR Class 10, SAR Class 10. * CSAR Class 10-2 Saturated, SAR Class 10A. * CSAR Class 10-2 Superheated. SAR Class 10B. * CSAR Class 10-C, SAR Class 10C. * CSAR Class 11, SAR Class 11. * Cape Government Railways 9th Class of 1903, SAR Class Experimental 4. * Cape Government Railways 9th Class of 1906, SAR Class Experimental 5. * Cape Government Railways 10th Class, SAR Class Experimental 6. * SAR Class ME. * CSAR Mallet Superheated, SAR Class MF. The second letter indicates the tender's water capacity. The "_M" tenders had a capacity of . A number, when added after the letter code, indicates differences between similar tender types, such as function, wheelbase or coal bunker capacity.


Modification

The original slatted upper sides of the Type XM2 tender's coal bunker were soon replaced by sheet-metal sides. Some later models of the Type XM2 tender were built new with such sheet-metal upper sides to the coal bunker. An example is the 1912 version of the tender, as delivered with the SAR Class 5 locomotives in 1912. File:SAR Class 10B 756 (4-6-2) ex CSAR 674.jpg, Type XM2 on CSAR Class 10-2, c. 1910 File:SAR Class 5 (4-6-2).jpg, Type XM2 on SAR Class 5, c. 1912


References

{{Locomotives of South Africa XM2