The Somali Region ( so, Deegaanka Soomaalida, am, ሱማሌ ክልል, Sumalē Kilil, ar, المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (''Western Somalia'') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a
regional state
A regional state, or a regionalised unitary state, is a term used to denote a type of state that is formally unitary but where a high degree of political power has been highly decentralised to regional governments. This contrasts with a state org ...
in eastern
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
. Its territory is the largest after
Oromia Region
Oromia (Amharic: ) ( om, Oromiyaa) is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. The capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa.
It is bordered by the Somali Region to the east; the Amhara Region, the Afar Region and the Benis ...
. The regional state borders the Ethiopian regions of
Afar and Oromia and the chartered city
Dire Dawa (Dire Dhawa) to the west, as well as
Djibouti
Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...
to the north,
Somaliland to the northeast,
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
to the south; and
Kenya
)
, national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Nairobi
, coordinates =
, largest_city = Nairobi
...
to the southwest.
Jijiga
Jijiga (, am, ጅጅጋ, ''Jijiga'') is the capital city of Somali Region, Ethiopia. It became the capital of the Somali Region in 1995 after it was moved from Gode. Located in the Fafan Zone with 70 km (37 mi) west of the bord ...
is the capital of the Somali Region. The capital was formerly
Gode
Gode ( so, Godey, am, ጎዴ) is a city in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Shabelle Zone, the city was the capital of the Somali Region until 1995 when Jijiga became the capital
Gode Airport, also known as the Ugas Mirad Ai ...
, until Jijiga became the capital in 1995 on account of political considerations.
The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court.
Overview
The Somali Region formed a large part of the pre-1995 provinces of
Hararghe
Hararghe ( am, ሐረርጌ ''Harärge''; Harari: ሀረርጌይ ''Harärgeyi'', Oromo: Harargee, so, Xararge) was a province of eastern Ethiopia with its capital in Harar.
History
Hararghe translates to "land of the Hararis". The region co ...
,
Bale and
Sidamo. The population is predominantly
Somali, and there have been attempts to incorporate the area into a
Greater Somalia. In the 1970s, Somalia, supported by the United States, invaded Ethiopia, igniting the
Ogaden War, which Somalia lost due to timely military intervention from the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
and its ally
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
. Despite this defeat, local groups still tried either to become part of Somalia or independent.
The 2007
Abole oil field raid
The raid on Abole oil exploration facility occurred in the early morning of April 24, 2007, when gunmen of the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) attacked the oil exploration facility of Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau (ZPEB), a subsi ...
, in which 72 Chinese and Ethiopian oilfield workers were killed, has led to a
series of military reprisals against the rebel group ONLF
Ogaden National Liberation Front
The Ogaden National Liberation Front (abbreviated ONLF, so, Jabhadda Wadaniga Xoreynta Ogaadeeniya; ar, الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير أوجادين) is a social and political movement, founded in 1984 to campaign for the right to ...
.
Until its first-ever district elections in February 2004, Zonal and
woreda
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas ( am, ወረዳ; ''woreda''), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after ''zones'' and the '' regional states''.
These districts are further subdivided into a number of ...
administrators and village chairmen were appointed by the Regional government. Senior politicians at the Regional level nominated their clients to the local government positions. In the 2004 local elections, each woreda elected a council including a spokesman, vice-spokesman, administrator, and vice-administrator. These councils have the responsibility of managing budgets and development activities within their respective districts.
Demographics
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the
Central Statistical Agency
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA; Amharic: ማዕከላዊ ስታቲስቲክስ ኤጀንሲ) is an agency of the government of Ethiopia designated to provide all surveys and censuses for that country used to monitor economic and social growt ...
of Ethiopia (CSA), the Somali Region has a total population of 7,445,219, consisting of 3,472,490 men and 3,972,729 women; urban inhabitants number 1,489,044 or 20% of the population, a further 5,956,175 or 80% were pastoralists and farmers. With an estimated area of 327,068 square kilometers, this region has an estimated density of 20.9 people per square kilometer. For the entire region 1, 685,986 households were counted, which results in an average for the Region of 6.8 persons to a household, with urban households having on average 6 and rural households 6.5 people.
There are 8 refugee camps and 1 transit center, housing 212,967 refugees from Somalia, located in Somali Region.
In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was reported to be 3,383,165, of which Somalis made up 3,236,667. There were 1,846,417 were males and 1,537,748 were females. The urban residents of the Somali Region numbered 492,710 households, with an average of 6.6 persons per household; a high sex ratio of 120 males to 100 females was reported. As of 1997, the ethnic composition of the Region was 95.67%
Somali, 0.70%
Amhara, 2.25%
Oromo; all other ethnic groups made up 1.38% of the population.
According to the CSA, , 38.98% of the total population had access to
safe drinking water, of whom 21.32% were rural inhabitants and 77.21% were urban. Values for other reported common indicators of the
standard of living for Somali include the following: 71.8% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 22% and for women 9.8%; and the Regional
infant mortality rate
Infant mortality is the death of young children under the age of 1. This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the probability of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. The under-five morta ...
is 57 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life.
The region is home to almost all major Somali clan families. The
Issa and
Gadabuursi subclans of the
Dir primarily inhabit the northern
Sitti
Sitti Katrina Baiddin Navarro-Ramirez (born November 29, 1984 in Las Piñas), known professionally as Sitti, is a Filipino bossa nova singer. After releasing her first album, ''Café Bossa'', in 2006, other bossa nova acts in the Philippines foll ...
zone and the
Awbare
Awbare (Amharic: አውበሬ, so, Aw Barre), officially known as Teferi BerTeferi Ber is the name used by the Central Statistical Agency in it''Agricultural Sample Enumeration 2001-2002 (1994 E.C.): Report on Area and Production - Somali Regi ...
woreda in
Fafan zone.
The
Habr Awal
The Habr Awal, also contemporarily known as the Subeer Awal, and alternately romanized as the Zubeyr Awal ( so, Habar Awal, ar, هبر أول, Full Name: '' Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash- Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is a major clan of ...
,
Garhajis
The Garhajis ( so, Garxajis, ar, غرحجس , Full Name: ''Al-Qādhī Ismā'īl ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin'' ''al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy'') historically known as the Habar Gerhajis () is a major clan of the wider Is ...
,
Habr Je'lo
The Habr Je'lo ( so, Habar Jeclo, ar, هبر جعلو , Full Name: ''Mūsa ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad,'' historically known as the Habr Toljaala ( so, Habar Toljeclo) is a major sub-tribe of the wider Isaaq family. Its members form ...
and
Arap
The Arap or Arab ( so, Arab, ar, أرب, Full Name: ''Muḥammad ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy'' ) clan is a major clan of the wider Isaaq clan family and is the twin of Garhajis (Ismail), according to the c ...
clans of the
Isaaq
The Isaaq (also Isaq, Ishaak, Isaac) ( so, Reer Sheekh Isxaaq, ar, بني إسحاق, Banī Isḥāq) is a Somali clan. It is one of the major Somali clans in the Horn of Africa, with a large and densely populated traditional territory. Pe ...
clan family inhabit the northern part of the region bordering Somaliland, with the
Habr Awal
The Habr Awal, also contemporarily known as the Subeer Awal, and alternately romanized as the Zubeyr Awal ( so, Habar Awal, ar, هبر أول, Full Name: '' Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash- Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is a major clan of ...
making up the majority in
Harshin
Harshin ( so, Xarshin) is a town and the capital of the Harshin woreda, in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, near the border with Somaliland.
Notable people
* Eid Daahir Farah - Former president of Somali Region. He was Born in Harshin.
Demogr ...
woreda as well as making up a significant portion of the population of the
Kebribeyah woreda, as well as the lucrative border town of
Tog Wajaale
Tog Wajaale (also known as Wajaale) is a city on the border of Somaliland and Ethiopia. Tog Wajaale is the main border crossing for goods coming in and out of Somaliland, primarily from the port city of Berbera, Somaliland's main port.
Demogra ...
. The
Garhajis
The Garhajis ( so, Garxajis, ar, غرحجس , Full Name: ''Al-Qādhī Ismā'īl ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin'' ''al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy'') historically known as the Habar Gerhajis () is a major clan of the wider Is ...
and
Habr Je'lo
The Habr Je'lo ( so, Habar Jeclo, ar, هبر جعلو , Full Name: ''Mūsa ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad,'' historically known as the Habr Toljaala ( so, Habar Toljeclo) is a major sub-tribe of the wider Isaaq family. Its members form ...
make up the majority of
Awaare and
Misrak Gashamo woredas in
Jarar zone with a significant presence in the
Danot woreda.
Subclans of the
Hawiye
The Hawiye ( so, Hawiye, ar, بنو هوية, it, Hauija) is the largest Somali clan family. Members of this clan traditionally inhabit central and southern Somalia, Somaliland, Ethiopia (Somali, Harar, Oromia and Afar regions) and the Nort ...
inhabit the western and southern areas of the region, with the
Degodia
The Degoodi or Degodia ( so, Degoodi or Degoodiya, ar, دغودي) is a Somali clan.
They are genealogically related to the other Samaale, but in particular to the Garjante, Gaalje'el, Masare, Isa (Saransor) and 'Awrmale, with which they share ...
being the majority in
Liben and also having a large presence in
Afder,
Dollo,
Jarar and Jijiga and other zones.
Karanle The Karanle is a major Somali, sub clan of Hawiye. The Karanle inhabit Galgaduud, Banadir, Mogadishu, Hiiraan, Shabeellaha Hoose, Lower Juba and Mudug regions in Somalia; the Somali Region of Ethiopia; the region of Oromia surrounding the city of ...
and
Sheekhaal
The Sheekhaal (var. Sheikhaal ( ar, شيخال), also known as Fiqi Omar, is a Somali clan. They inhabit Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and with considerable numbers also found in the Northern Frontier District (NFD) in Kenya.
Overview
Sheekh ...
are present in the western areas bordering the
Oromia
Oromia (Amharic: ) ( om, Oromiyaa) is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. The capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa.
It is bordered by the Somali Region to the east; the Amhara Region, the Afar Region and the Be ...
region and the
Hawadle
The Hawadle or Xawaadle ( so, Xawaadle, ar, حوادله, it, Auadleh) are a Somali clan who traces its descent from Mayle Gorgaarte, one of the sons of Hawiye clan. The Hawadle, as well as many other Somali clans like the Dir, trace themselv ...
and
Habar Gidir
The Habar Gidir (Somali: Habar Gidir, Arabic: هبر جدير) is a major subclan of the Hawiye. The clan has produced many prominent Somali figures, including the first Prime Minister of Somalia Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Somalia's fifth Presid ...
subclans are present in the
Shabelle
The Shebelle River ( so, Webi Shabeelle, ar, نهر شبيلي, am, እደላ) begins in the highlands of Ethiopia, and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu. Near Mogadishu, it turns sharply southwest, where it follows the coast. ...
zone. The closely related
Samaale Samaale, also spelled Samali or Samale ( so, Samaale) is traditionally considered to be the oldest common forefather of several major Somali clans and their respective sub-clans. His name is the source of the ethnonym ''Somali''..
As the purported ...
subclan of
Garre
The Garre (also Gurreh, Karre, "Binukaaf") ( Somali: ''Reer Garre'', Arabic: بنو كاف, romanized: ''Banī kāf'' ) is a major Somali clan whose origins trace back to Samaale who traces the lineage from the Arabian Peninsula through Aqiil ...
are also present in the
Liben zone and
Dawa zone where they make up the majority.
Various subclans of the
Darod
The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, دارود) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripheries ...
clan family primarily inhabit the central and eastern parts of the region, with the
Ogaden and
Jidwaq
The Jidwaq ( so, Jidwaaq, ar, جيدواق) is a large Somali clan, part of one of the largest Somali clans families, the Absame Darod.
Overview
The Jidwaq clan primarily inhabit the Somali Region of Ethiopia, (where they live in the Jigjiga ar ...
inhabiting the interior as well as the major towns of
Jijiga
Jijiga (, am, ጅጅጋ, ''Jijiga'') is the capital city of Somali Region, Ethiopia. It became the capital of the Somali Region in 1995 after it was moved from Gode. Located in the Fafan Zone with 70 km (37 mi) west of the bord ...
,
Gode
Gode ( so, Godey, am, ጎዴ) is a city in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Shabelle Zone, the city was the capital of the Somali Region until 1995 when Jijiga became the capital
Gode Airport, also known as the Ugas Mirad Ai ...
,
Kebridehar. The
Harti
Harti ( so, Harti, ar, هرتي), meaning "strong man", is a Somali clan family that is part of the Darod clan. The major sub-clans include the Majeerteen, Dhulbahante, Warsangali, Tinle, Maganlabe and Dishiishe, while other minor sub-clans ...
as well as the
Leelkase
The Leelkase or LailkaseUnited Nations Security CouncilLetter dated 21 November 2006 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee... p. 20 or Lelkase ( so, Laylkase, ar, ليلكسة) (''Hussein bin Abdirahman bin Is'mail bin Ibrahim al J ...
clans inhabit the
Dollo zone where they make up the majority while the
Marehan clan inhabit the
Shilavo woreda and the
Liben zone.
Languages
Somali as a primary language is spoken by 95.89% of the inhabitants. All other languages spoken together make up 4.11%.
Religion
98.74% of the population are Muslim, All other religions together made up 1.26%.
Agriculture
The CSA of Ethiopia estimated in 2005 that farmers in the Somali Region had a total of 1,459,720 cattle (representing 10.19%% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 1,463,000 sheep (20.66%), 1,650,970 goats (50.02%), 1,291,550 donkeys (30.66%), 5,3165,260 camels (96.2%), 154,670 poultry of all species (0.5%), and 5,330 beehives (0.12%). For nomadic inhabitants, the CSA provided two sets of estimates, one based on aerial surveys and the other on more conventional methodology:
Transportation
Ground travel
West from
Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t ...
,
Awash 572 km via
Harar
Harar ( amh, ሐረር; Harari: ሀረር; om, Adare Biyyo; so, Herer; ar, هرر) known historically by the indigenous as Gey (Harari: ጌይ ''Gēy'', ) is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Saint ...
and
Jijiga
Jijiga (, am, ጅጅጋ, ''Jijiga'') is the capital city of Somali Region, Ethiopia. It became the capital of the Somali Region in 1995 after it was moved from Gode. Located in the Fafan Zone with 70 km (37 mi) west of the bord ...
to
Degehabur
Degehabur ( so, Dhagaxbuur, Amharic: ደገሕ ቡር) is a town in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It is located in the Degehabur Zone of the Somali Region on the Jerer River, Degahbur is traditionally the seat of the Dalalguuleed by subclan ...
Air travel
Somali Regional State has 3 international airport and 2 commercial airports. The international airports are
Jijiga Airport
Wilwal International Airport (also known as Garaad Wiil-Waal Airport) is an airport serving Jijiga, the capital city of the Somali Region in Ethiopia. The airport is located at , which is east of the city. It is named after nineteenth century ...
,
Gode Airport
Gode Airport, also known as Ugas Mirad Airport , is an airport in Gode, Ethiopia. Located at an elevation of 254 meters above sea level, it has one runway made of a variety of materials 2288 meters long by 35 wide.
Construction of the airport beg ...
, and
Kabri Dar Airport, The 2 commercial airports are
Dolo Airport, and
Shilavo Airport.
Government
Executive branch
The executive branch is headed by the Chief Administrator of Somali Regional State. The current
Chief Administrator
The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...
is
Mustafa Muhummed Omer (Cagjar), elected on 22 August 2018. A Vice President of Somali Region succeeds the president in the event of any removal from office, and performs any duties assigned by the president. The current vice president is
Adam Farah Ibrahim. The other offices in the executive branch cabinet are the Regional Health Bureau, Educational Bureau, and 18 other officials.
List of Chief Administrators of Somali Region
Judicial branch
There are three levels of the Somali region
judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...
. The lowest level is the court of common pleas: each woreda maintains its own constitutionally mandated court of common pleas, which maintain jurisdiction over all justiciable matters. The intermediate-level court system is the district court system. Four courts of appeals exist, each retaining jurisdiction over appeals from common pleas, municipal, and county courts in an administrative zone. A case heard in this system is decided by a three-judge panel, and each judge is elected.
The highest-ranking court, the Somali Supreme Court, is Somali's "court of last resort". A Seven-justice panel composes the court, which, by its own discretion, hears appeals from the courts of appeals, and retains original jurisdiction over limited matters. The chief judge is called the Chief of Soamli Supreme Court
Abdullahi Saed Omar.
Legislative branch
The State Council, which is the highest administrative body of the state, is made up of 269 members.
National politics
Somali is represented by
* 6 representatives in The
House of Federation
The House of Federation () is the upper house of the bicameral Federal Parliamentary Assembly, the parliament of Ethiopia. It has 112 members.
Each Nation, Nationality and People shall be represented in the House of the Federation by at least ...
(
upper chamber
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restri ...
) and
* 24 representatives in The
House of Peoples' Representatives
The House of Peoples' Representatives is the lower house of the Ethiopian Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Located in the capital Addis Ababa, the House has 547 members. All are elected in theory for five-year term in single-seat constituencies. ...
(
lower chamber
A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or oth ...
)
Administrative zones
Like other Regions in Ethiopia, Somali Region is subdivided into eleven administrative zones and Six Special administrative zones:
*
Afder Zone
*
Dollo Zone
Dollo ( so, Doollo) is one of the nine zones in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as Warder/Werder, so named after its largest city, Warder. Dollo is bordered on the southwest by Korahe, on the northwest by Jarar, on the ...
(formerly Warder)
*
Erer Zone
*
Fafan Zone
Fafan ( so, Faafan) is a zone in Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as the Jijiga zone, so named after its largest city, Jijiga. Other towns and cities in this zone include Harshin, Awbare, Derwernache, Kebri Beyah, Tuli Gulled ...
(formerly Jigjiga)
*
Jarar Zone
Jarar ( so, Jarar) is a zone in Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as the Degehabur zone, so named after its largest city, Degehabur. Jarar Zone is bordered on the south by Korahe, on the southwest by Nogob, on the northwest by ...
(formerly Degehabur)
*
Korahe Zone
Korahe ( so, Qoraxeey) is one of eleven Zones of the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Korahe is bordered on the southwest by the Gode, on the northwest by Fiq, on the north by Degehabur, on the east by Werder, and on the southeast by Somalia's federa ...
*
Liben Zone
*
Dhawa Zone
*
Nogob Zone (formerly Fiq)
*
Shabelle Zone
Shabelle is one of nine Zones of the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as Gode ( so, Godey, ar, غودي), so named after its largest city, Gode. Shabelle is bordered on the west by Afder, on the north by Fiq, on the northeast ...
(formerly Godey)
*
Sitti Zone
Sitti Zone ( so, Gobolka Sitti), formerly known as Shinile, is a zone in Somali Region of Ethiopia.
Located at the northwestern point of the Somali Region and stretching across the savanna north of the Ahmar Mountains, Sitti is bordered on the ...
(formerly Shinile)
*
Degehabur Special Zone (special zone)
*
Gode Special Zone (special zone)
*
Harawo Special Zone (special zone)
*
Kebri Beyah Special Zone (special zone)
*
Tog Wajale Special Zone (special zone)
The zones are themselves subdivided into
districts.
See also
*
Afar-Somali clashes
*
List of airports in Ethiopia
This is a list of airports in Ethiopia, grouped by type and sorted by location.
Transport in Ethiopia is overseen by the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
Airports
Airport names shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled service ...
References
Further reading
* Tobias Hagmann, "Beyond clannishness and colonialism: understanding political disorder in Ethiopia's Somali Region, 1991- 2004", ''Journal of Modern African Studies'', 43 (2005), 509–536.
*
Abdi Ismail Samatar
Abdi Ismail Samatar ( so, Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar, ar, عبدي إسماعيل ساماتار) (born 1950) is a Somali scholar, writer and professor of geography.
Personal life
Samatar was born in 1956 in Gabiley in Somaliland. He is the brother ...
(2004): "Ethiopian Federalism: Autonomy versus Control in the Somali Region". ''Third World Quarterly'', Vol. 25/6
* John Markakis (1996): "The Somali in Ethiopia". ''Review of African Political Economy'', Vol. 23, No. 70, pp. 567–570
* John Markakis (1994): "Briefing: Somalia in the New Political Order of Ethiopia". ''Review of African Political Economy'', Vol. 21, No. 59 pp. 71–79
External links
Map of Somali Region at UN-OCHAMap of Somali Region at DPPA of Ethiopia(PDF file)
Official Website of Ogaden-Somali region of Ethiopia"Ethiopia: Rains pound Somali region as death toll rises" - UN IRIN"Floods plague Horn of Africa, wash away refugee shelters" - UN News
{{Coord, 7.4387305, N, 44.2968750, E, source:nlwiki_region:ET_scale:3200000, format=dms, display=title
1994 establishments in Ethiopia
Regions of Ethiopia
Somali-speaking countries and territories
States and territories established in 1992